基于震后低压变化的供水管网功能可靠度分析
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摘要
供水管网的抗震功能是指供水管网在地震作用下能够满足震后城市特定用水需要(需水量和水压)的能力。地震发生后,供水管网一般处于低压供水状态,使得管网中部分用户的水压和水量不能得到全部满足,导致管网部分节点的实际配水量小于需水量。为此,在传统的管网水力分析基础上考虑节点流量随节点水压的动态变化,通过求解非线性水力方程组,得到管网节点实际流量和水压;同时,借鉴结构可靠度分析方法,引入供水管网系统随机水力模型,给出了震后供水管网功能可靠度分析的一次二阶矩方法。以一实际管网为例,演示了震后低压供水时管网功能可靠度分析的应用方法。
Seismic serviceability of a water supply network refers to its capacity to meet the particular water demand(flow and pressure) in a city after an earthquake.After an earthquake,the water supply network is usually under varied pressure deficient conditions leading to a shortage of water supply at some nodes of the network so that some of the network users cannot be fully satisfied on water pressure and water flow.Therefore,a set of nonlinear hydraulic equations were formulated,considering the dynamic variation of nodal flows with nodal pressures on the basis of the conventional hydraulic analysis of the network,to solve for real flows and pressures at nodes of the network.At the same time,the analysis method of structural reliability was borrowed to introduce the first-order-second-moment method and a probabilistic hydraulic model for the serviceability analysis of the network.A real network was taken for an example to demonstrate how to apply the serviceability analysis of water supply networks based on varied pressure deficient conditions after an earthquake.
Seismic serviceability of a water supply network refers to its capacity to meet the particular water demand(flow and pressure) in a city after an earthquake.After an earthquake,the water supply network is usually under varied pressure deficient conditions leading to a shortage of water supply at some nodes of the network so that some of the network users cannot be fully satisfied on water pressure and water flow.Therefore,a set of nonlinear hydraulic equations were formulated,considering the dynamic variation of nodal flows with nodal pressures on the basis of the conventional hydraulic analysis of the network,to solve for real flows and pressures at nodes of the network.At the same time,the analysis method of structural reliability was borrowed to introduce the first-order-second-moment method and a probabilistic hydraulic model for the serviceability analysis of the network.A real network was taken for an example to demonstrate how to apply the serviceability analysis of water supply networks based on varied pressure deficient conditions after an earthquake.
引文
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[2]Xu C C,Goulter I C.Reliability-based optimal designof water distribution networks[J].Water ResourcesPlanning and Management,1999,125(6):352-362.
[3]Gupta R,Bhave P R.Comparison of methods for pre-dicting deficient-network performance[J].Water Re-sources Planning and Management,1996,122(3):214-217.
[4]Ang W K,Jowitt P W.Solution for water distributionsystems under pressure-deficient conditions[J].WaterResources Planning and Management,2006,132(3):175-182.
[5]Gupta R,Bhave P R.Closure of′comparison of me-thods for predicting deficient-network performance′[J].Water Resources Planning and Management,1997,123(6):370.
[6]刘丽霞.城市给水管网系统的可靠性分析与研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2007.Liu L X.Reliability analysis and study of urban waternetwork system[D].Chongqing:Chongqing Universi-ty,2007.
[7]柳春光,林皋,李宏男,等.生命线地震工程导论[M].大连:大连理工大学出版社,2005.Liu C G,Lin G,Li H N,et al.Introduction to LifelineEarthquake Engineering[M].Dalian:Dalian Universi-ty of Technology Press,2005.
[8]李杰.生命线工程抗震基础理论与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.Li J.Seismic Basic Theory and Application of LifelineEarthquake[M].Beijing:Science Press,2005.
[9]Xu C C,Goulter I C.Probabilistic model for water dis-tribution reliability[J].Water Resources Planning andManagement,1998,124(4):218-228.
[10]陈玲俐,李杰.城市供水管网系统抗震功能可靠度分析[J].工程力学,2004,21(4):45-50.Chen L L,Li J.Aseismatic serviceability analysis ofwater supply network[J].Engineering Mechanics,2004,21(4):45-50.
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