新型引水式电站中水压致裂地应力测量技术应用研究
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摘要
在中国西南某新型引水式水电站工程中使用水压致裂技术开展了原地应力及相关岩体力学参数测试。结果表明,工程区现今应力场状态以NNW向挤压为主,最大主应力值为7.35～8.16 MPa,方向约为N33～52°W,倾角约26～39°。气垫调压室三维原地应力状态的最大主应力值为10.63 MPa,最小主应力为4.98 MPa;围岩岩体抗劈裂强度高值区在5.50 MPa以上,低值区为3.00～3.50 MPa。根据围岩应力分布非均匀性遵循的一般性规律,结合原地应力测量与裂隙围岩原地承载能力测试结果的各自特点,提出了利用地应力测量数据、原地承载力测试结果、弹性模量数据综合评估承压洞室围岩最小主应力的方法,给出气垫式调压室部位最小主应力综合评估值2.86 MPa。并分析了地应力状态对地下厂房、引水隧洞、气垫调压室稳定性的影响。
The hydraulic fracture technology is employed to estimate the in-situ stresses and other relevant mechanical parameters of rock mass at a new-type diversion hydroelectric project in China.The measured results show that the engineering area is under the stresses with the orientation of NNW,and the maximum principal stress is from 7.35 to 8.16 MPa in magnitude,with the direction of N33°～52°W and the inclination of 26° to 29°.The maximum principal stress around the air-cushion pressure adjustment cavern is 10.63 MPa,and the minimum principal stress is 4.98 MPa;the high values of anti-cracking strength of wall rock mass are above 5.50 MPa,and the low values are between 3.00 and 3.50 MPa.According to the general law of stress nonhomogeneity in the wall rockmass,and considering the respective characteristics of measured in-situ stresses and anti-cracking strengths of fissures in wall rockmass,a new method is put forward to estimate the minimum principal stress in the wall rockmass,which incorporates the in-situ stress measurements,in-situ bearing capacity measurements,and elastic modulus data.By use of the new method,the estimated minimum principal stress is 2.86 MPa for the area around the air-cushion pressure adjustment cavern.Finally,the impacts of in-situ stresses on the underground factory caverns,water tunnels and air-cushion pressure adjustment cavern are discussed.
The hydraulic fracture technology is employed to estimate the in-situ stresses and other relevant mechanical parameters of rock mass at a new-type diversion hydroelectric project in China.The measured results show that the engineering area is under the stresses with the orientation of NNW,and the maximum principal stress is from 7.35 to 8.16 MPa in magnitude,with the direction of N33°～52°W and the inclination of 26° to 29°.The maximum principal stress around the air-cushion pressure adjustment cavern is 10.63 MPa,and the minimum principal stress is 4.98 MPa;the high values of anti-cracking strength of wall rock mass are above 5.50 MPa,and the low values are between 3.00 and 3.50 MPa.According to the general law of stress nonhomogeneity in the wall rockmass,and considering the respective characteristics of measured in-situ stresses and anti-cracking strengths of fissures in wall rockmass,a new method is put forward to estimate the minimum principal stress in the wall rockmass,which incorporates the in-situ stress measurements,in-situ bearing capacity measurements,and elastic modulus data.By use of the new method,the estimated minimum principal stress is 2.86 MPa for the area around the air-cushion pressure adjustment cavern.Finally,the impacts of in-situ stresses on the underground factory caverns,water tunnels and air-cushion pressure adjustment cavern are discussed.
引文
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[10]方光达.水电站气垫式调压室应用现状和主要设计问题[J].水力发电,2005,2(3):44–47.(FANG Guang-da.Application of air-cushion surge shaft for hydropower station and its main design problems[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2005,2(3):44–47.(in Chinese))
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[12]郭啟良,王成虎,丁立丰,等.川西某水电工程气垫调压室原地应力及相关岩体特性参数的测量与应用分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(10):230–235.(GUO Qi-liang,WANG Cheng-hu,DING Li-feng,et al.Measurements and application of in-situ stress and related and related rock mechanics parameters of surrounding rock of the air-cushion surge tank at a hydroelectric projectin west china[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(10):230–235.(in Chinese))
[13]尹健民,郭喜峰.清远抽水蓄能电站地应力测试分析与高压隧洞设计验证[J].长江科学院院报,2008,5:43–45.(YIN Jian-min,GUO Xi-feng,AI Kai,LI Yong-song.Analysis of in-situ stress measurement and high pressure tunnel’s design verification for qingyuan pumped storage plant[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institut,2008,5:43–45.(in Chinese))
[14]崔效锋,谢富仁,张红艳.川滇地区现代构造应力场分区及动力学意义[J].地震学报,2006,28(5):451–461.(CUI Xiao-feng,XIE Fu-ren,ZHANG Hong-yan.Recent tectonic stress field zoning in Sichuan-Yunnan region and its dynamic interest[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2006,28(5):451–461.(in Chinese))
[15]王绍晋,龙晓帆,余庆坤.昆明地区现代构造应力场分析[J].地震研究,2005,28(2):178–184.(WANG Shao-jin,LONG Xiao-fan,YU Qing-ku.Analysis on recent tectonic stress field in the Yunnan region[J].Journal of Seismoournal of Seism Ological Research,2005,28(2):178–184.(in Chinese))
[16]王凯英.川滇地区现今应力场与断层相互作用[D].北京:中国地震局地质研究所,2003.(WANG Kai-ying.Present-day stress field and fault interactions in the Sichuan-Yunnan region of China[D].Beijing:Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration,2003.(in Chinese))
[17]毛吉震,陈群策,张彦山.水力阶撑试验在水电工程的应用研究[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(4):477–481.(MAO Ji-zhen,CHEN Qun-ce,ZHANG Yan-shan.Application of hydraulic jacking test to hydropower engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(4):477–481.(in Chinese))
[2]CORNET F H,BURLET D.Stress field determinations in France by hydraulic tests in boreholes[J].J Geophys Res,1992,97(B8):11829–11849.
[3]HAIMSON B C,LEE M,CHANDLER N,et al.Estimating the state of stress from sub-horizontal hydraulic fractures at the underground research laboratory,Manitoba[J].Int J rock Mech Min Sci,1993,30(7):959–964.
[4]李方全,陈群策.原地应力测量方法及原地应力测量的研究领域[C]//中国大陆地壳应力环境研究.北京:地质出版社,2003:155–163.(LI Fang-quan,CHENG Qun-ce.Methods and application fields of in-situ stress measurement[C]//Study of Stress environment on the continental crust of China.Beijing:Geologic Press,2003:155–163.(in Chinese))
[5]刘允芳.岩体地应力与工程建设[M].湖北科学技术出版社,2000:244–276.(LIU Yun-fang.Geostress and engineering construction[M].The Science and Technology Press of Hubei Province,2000:244–76.(in Chinese))
[6]LI Hong,AN Qi-mei,GUO Qi-liang.In-situ stress measurements by hydraulic fracturing and hydraulic jacking experiment at nuozhadu hydropower station China[J].Rock Stress,Sugawara,Obara,Sato,eds.A A Balkema Publishers,2003:127–132.
[7]陈其伟,王西宏,谷兆祺,等.新型引水式水电站的理论与实践[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008.(CHEN Qi-wei,WANG Xi-hong,GU Zhao-qi,et al.Theory and practice of the new pattern hydroelectric project[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2008.(in Chinese))
[8]谷兆祺,李欣欣,郭军合.挪威水电工程经验介绍[M].特隆赫姆:泰比亚出版公司,1985.(GU Zhao-qi,LI Xin-xin,GUO Jun-he.Experiences in Norwegian hydropower engineering[M].Trondheim:Tapir publishers,Trondheim,1985.(in Chinese))
[9]胡建永,张健,王辉清.水电站气垫式调压室应用研究综述[J].水电能源科学,2007,22(3):60–63.(HU Jian-yong,ZHANG Jian,WANG Hui-qing.Review of application research on air cushion surge chamber in hydropower plant[J].Water Resources and Power,2007,23(3):60–63.(in Chinese))
[10]方光达.水电站气垫式调压室应用现状和主要设计问题[J].水力发电,2005,2(3):44–47.(FANG Guang-da.Application of air-cushion surge shaft for hydropower station and its main design problems[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2005,2(3):44–47.(in Chinese))
[11]吴晓玲,姬文龙.气垫式调压室及其在岗曲河二级水电站应用的研究[J].云南水力发电,2007,23(6):68–78.(WU Xiao-ling,JI Wen-long.Study and application of the air-cushion surge tank at a Gangquhe Secondary Hydroelectric Projectin[J].Yunnan Water Power,2007,23(6):68–78.(in Chinese))
[12]郭啟良,王成虎,丁立丰,等.川西某水电工程气垫调压室原地应力及相关岩体特性参数的测量与应用分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(10):230–235.(GUO Qi-liang,WANG Cheng-hu,DING Li-feng,et al.Measurements and application of in-situ stress and related and related rock mechanics parameters of surrounding rock of the air-cushion surge tank at a hydroelectric projectin west china[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(10):230–235.(in Chinese))
[13]尹健民,郭喜峰.清远抽水蓄能电站地应力测试分析与高压隧洞设计验证[J].长江科学院院报,2008,5:43–45.(YIN Jian-min,GUO Xi-feng,AI Kai,LI Yong-song.Analysis of in-situ stress measurement and high pressure tunnel’s design verification for qingyuan pumped storage plant[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institut,2008,5:43–45.(in Chinese))
[14]崔效锋,谢富仁,张红艳.川滇地区现代构造应力场分区及动力学意义[J].地震学报,2006,28(5):451–461.(CUI Xiao-feng,XIE Fu-ren,ZHANG Hong-yan.Recent tectonic stress field zoning in Sichuan-Yunnan region and its dynamic interest[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2006,28(5):451–461.(in Chinese))
[15]王绍晋,龙晓帆,余庆坤.昆明地区现代构造应力场分析[J].地震研究,2005,28(2):178–184.(WANG Shao-jin,LONG Xiao-fan,YU Qing-ku.Analysis on recent tectonic stress field in the Yunnan region[J].Journal of Seismoournal of Seism Ological Research,2005,28(2):178–184.(in Chinese))
[16]王凯英.川滇地区现今应力场与断层相互作用[D].北京:中国地震局地质研究所,2003.(WANG Kai-ying.Present-day stress field and fault interactions in the Sichuan-Yunnan region of China[D].Beijing:Institute of Geology China Earthquake Administration,2003.(in Chinese))
[17]毛吉震,陈群策,张彦山.水力阶撑试验在水电工程的应用研究[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(4):477–481.(MAO Ji-zhen,CHEN Qun-ce,ZHANG Yan-shan.Application of hydraulic jacking test to hydropower engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(4):477–481.(in Chinese))
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