基于频率域小波的地震信号多子波分解及重构
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摘要
多子波分解是将一个地震道分解为不同频率的子波集,并针对不同的目标地质异常体,选择不同频率的单一地震子波或子波段,重构新的地震剖面和数据体,以便进行更精准的地质地球物理解释和储层特性描述。文中根据频率域小波的解析表达式及小波变换时间—尺度域和时间—频率域的转化关系,提出一种能适应多子波分解精度要求的处理方法。对合成地震信号及含气裂缝模型正演剖面的多子波分解与重构处理表明,该方法具有较高的精度,处理结果能直接用于含油气特征的检测;对实际地震数据处理得到的单频剖面也可明显地表征含油气储层的特征信息。
Multi-wavelet Decomposition is a method that decomposes seismic trace into wavelet sets with different frequencies,and for different geological anomalies a single seismic wavelet or wavelet band with different frequencies can be selected to reconfigure new seismic section and data set so that the geological and geophysical interpretation and reservoir characteristic description can be accurately conducted. According to the analytical expression of wavelet in frequency domain and the converting relationship of wavelet transform in time-scale domain and time-frequency domain,a processing method which can meet the accuracy requirement of the multi-wavelet decomposition is developed. Through multi-wavelet decomposition and reconfiguration processing for the synthetic seismic signal and gas-bearing fracture model forward section,it is proved that the method has a high precision,and the processing results can be directly used in detecting the hydrocarbon-bearing characteristics,and the single frequency sections obtained from the real data processing results can obviously characterize the information of the hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs.
Multi-wavelet Decomposition is a method that decomposes seismic trace into wavelet sets with different frequencies,and for different geological anomalies a single seismic wavelet or wavelet band with different frequencies can be selected to reconfigure new seismic section and data set so that the geological and geophysical interpretation and reservoir characteristic description can be accurately conducted. According to the analytical expression of wavelet in frequency domain and the converting relationship of wavelet transform in time-scale domain and time-frequency domain,a processing method which can meet the accuracy requirement of the multi-wavelet decomposition is developed. Through multi-wavelet decomposition and reconfiguration processing for the synthetic seismic signal and gas-bearing fracture model forward section,it is proved that the method has a high precision,and the processing results can be directly used in detecting the hydrocarbon-bearing characteristics,and the single frequency sections obtained from the real data processing results can obviously characterize the information of the hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs.
引文
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[12]Liu J,Marfure KJ.Matching pursuit decomposition using Morlet wavelets.Expanded Abstracts of75th SEG Ann Intl Mtg,2005,786~789
[13]Liu Jianlei.Spectral decomposition andits application in mapping stratigraphy and hydrocarbons.Universi-ty of Houston,2006
[14]陈遵德.频率域中的小波变换方法.物探化探计算技术,1994,16(3):243~248,259
[15]王西文,刘全新,高静怀,刘洪,李幼铭.地震资料在小波域的分频处理与重构.石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(1):78~85
[16]鲁红英,徐天吉,甘其刚等.川西坳陷深层须家河组裂缝模型含气响应研究.石油物探,2007,46(3):254~260,271
[17]李显贵,徐天吉,甘其刚.新场气田须家河气藏含气性地震检测研究.石油物探,2006,45(9):186~191
[18]Satish S,Partha S R,Phill D A et al.Spectral de-composition of seismic data with continuous-wavelet transform.Geophysics,2005,70(6):19~25
[19]赵爽,李仲东,许红梅等.多子波分解技术检测含煤砂岩储层.天然气工业,2007,27(9):44~47
[2]Bear L K,Pavlis G L.Multi-channel esti mation of ti me residuals from broadband seismic data using multi-wavelets.Bull Seism Soc Am,1999,89(3):681~692
[3]Lebrun J,Vetterli M.Balanced multi wavelets theory and design.IEEE Trans on SP,1998,46(4):1119~1125
[4]徐伯勋,白旭滨,于常青.地震勘探信息技术提取、分析和预测.北京:地质出版社,2001
[5]Grossmann A,Morlet J.Decomposition of function into wavelets of constant shape,and related trans-forms,In Mathematics+Physics.In:Streit L ed.Lectures on Recent Result.Singapore:World Scien-tific,1985,135~165
[6]Grossmann A,Kronland-Martiner R,Morlet J.Reading and understanding continuous wavelet trans-forms.In:Wavelets,Ti me-Frequency Methods and Phase Space1st Int Wavelets Conf,Marseille,1989,2~20
[7]徐天吉,程冰洁.小波域地震信号的多尺度研究与应用.石油天然气学报,2007,29(5):80~83
[8]高静怀,汪文秉,朱光明.小波变换与信号瞬时特征分析.地球物理学报.1997,40(6):821~832
[9]高静怀,万涛,陈文超等.三参数小波及其在地震资料分析中的应用.地球物理学报,2006,49(6):1802~1812
[10]Meyers S D,Kelly B G,O'Brien J J.Anintroductionto wavelet analysis in Oceanography and Meteorology:with application to the dispersion of Yanai Waves.Monthly weather review,1993,121:2858~2866
[11]Liu J,Wu Y,Han D and Li X.Ti me-Frequency de-composition based on Ricker wavelet.Expanded Ab-stracts of74th SEG Ann Intl Mtg,2004,1937~1940
[12]Liu J,Marfure KJ.Matching pursuit decomposition using Morlet wavelets.Expanded Abstracts of75th SEG Ann Intl Mtg,2005,786~789
[13]Liu Jianlei.Spectral decomposition andits application in mapping stratigraphy and hydrocarbons.Universi-ty of Houston,2006
[14]陈遵德.频率域中的小波变换方法.物探化探计算技术,1994,16(3):243~248,259
[15]王西文,刘全新,高静怀,刘洪,李幼铭.地震资料在小波域的分频处理与重构.石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(1):78~85
[16]鲁红英,徐天吉,甘其刚等.川西坳陷深层须家河组裂缝模型含气响应研究.石油物探,2007,46(3):254~260,271
[17]李显贵,徐天吉,甘其刚.新场气田须家河气藏含气性地震检测研究.石油物探,2006,45(9):186~191
[18]Satish S,Partha S R,Phill D A et al.Spectral de-composition of seismic data with continuous-wavelet transform.Geophysics,2005,70(6):19~25
[19]赵爽,李仲东,许红梅等.多子波分解技术检测含煤砂岩储层.天然气工业,2007,27(9):44~47
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