帕累托图的锅炉事故分析方法
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摘要
为查明导致锅炉事故发生的主要原因,以利于锅炉的安全管理,特应用管理学上的帕累托图,将可能导致锅炉事故的隐患分为低水位工况、操作失误或维护不良及燃烧器损坏等9类,并利用Minitab软件绘制帕累托图,分别对2007年美国蒸汽锅炉、动力锅炉及热水锅炉事故隐患类别进行研究分析.结果表明,80%的锅炉事故来自低水位工况与部分操作失误或维护不良等20%的事故隐患,是导致锅炉事故发生的主要原因,因此可以针对这20%的事故隐患进行有效的管理和控制.
According to 9 classifications of fatal and nonfatal accidents of low water level conditions,poor maintenance and faulty operation or burner damage and so on,the potential accident category of steam boiler,power boiler and water boiler for U.S.in 2007 were studied and Pareto chart of their accidents were obtained with the help of Minitab software platform.The results show that 80% of the boiler accidents came from 20% of the potential accidents(the low water level of boiler operating conditions or maintenance and some errors and poor operation),which is the main reasons led to boiler accident.Therefore,if those potential accidents is managed strictly and controlled effectively,the optimum of safety production can be achieved without increasing the safety investment.
According to 9 classifications of fatal and nonfatal accidents of low water level conditions,poor maintenance and faulty operation or burner damage and so on,the potential accident category of steam boiler,power boiler and water boiler for U.S.in 2007 were studied and Pareto chart of their accidents were obtained with the help of Minitab software platform.The results show that 80% of the boiler accidents came from 20% of the potential accidents(the low water level of boiler operating conditions or maintenance and some errors and poor operation),which is the main reasons led to boiler accident.Therefore,if those potential accidents is managed strictly and controlled effectively,the optimum of safety production can be achieved without increasing the safety investment.
引文
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[2]HONG E S,LEEI M,SHI N HS,et al.Quantitative riskevaluation based on event tree analysis technique:Applica-tion to the design of shield TBM[J].Tunneling and Under-ground Space Technology,2009,24(3):269-277.
[3]杨珺珺.事件树分析法评估建筑物地震灾害风险[J].自然灾害学报,2008,17(4):26-31.
[4]白少雪,陈全,李宗坤.基于层次分析法的烟火药制造过程爆炸事故分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2010,20(2):89-94.
[5]李果,张广明,凌祥.基于FAHP和ANN的锅炉风险评估技术研究[J].计算机测量与控制,2011,19(2):392-394.
[6]MAHFOUZ E M,AWADALLA HI,KAMEL E G,et al.Evaluation of maternal and child health services in El-MiniaCity,Egypt[J].Journal of Public Health,2009,17:321-329.
[7]高原,何柏身,马国亮.帕累托图法在疾病构成分析中的应用[J].华南国防医学杂志,2007,21(5):56-57.
[8]覃朝望,用帕累托图分析供应商的滴眼剂瓶质量缺陷[J].中国药业,2010,19(8):52.
[9]维弗雷多.帕累托.省时省力的二八法则[M].许庆胜,编译.太原:山西教育出版社,2010:2-8.
[10]丁守宝,刘富君.我国特种设备检测技术的现状与展望[J].中国计量学院学报,2008,19(4):304-308.
[11]王保国,王新泉,刘淑艳,等.安全人机工程学[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2007:417-420.
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