震后裂缝危岩体的失稳机理与诊断方法
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摘要
震后山体结构破碎,崩塌频发,严重制约着灾后重建工作。从震后岩体实际结构状况出发,在分析诱发岩体崩塌的破坏性外力类型的基础上,借助断裂力学理论,通过合理建模,阐明了震后岩体崩塌的机理,给出了崩塌发生的条件,为可预知余震强度震区的危岩体诊断和排查提供了技术支持。最后通过算例分析表明:余震、降雨及其相互耦合作用是震后崩塌的根本动力;在特定外力下区内岩体裂缝发生扩展存在最小临界深度;外力耦合条件下裂缝失稳临界深度最小。
Based on the real structure of rock and the analysis of destructive external force,and according to the fracture mechanics,the failure mechanism of dangerous rocks was studied by modeling reasonably.The condition of different kind's collapses was given and proposed to diagnose dangerous rock.At last,an example was given to prove the theory.The result showed that the aftershock,rainfall and their coupling action are the main forces which cause the collapse after the event,and there is a critical minimum depth of crack under any action which can lead the failure.Meanwhile it was also found that the critical depth is smaller under couplings action.
Based on the real structure of rock and the analysis of destructive external force,and according to the fracture mechanics,the failure mechanism of dangerous rocks was studied by modeling reasonably.The condition of different kind's collapses was given and proposed to diagnose dangerous rock.At last,an example was given to prove the theory.The result showed that the aftershock,rainfall and their coupling action are the main forces which cause the collapse after the event,and there is a critical minimum depth of crack under any action which can lead the failure.Meanwhile it was also found that the critical depth is smaller under couplings action.
引文
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[3]Marzorati S,Luzi L,De Amicis M.Rock falls induced by earthquakes:a statistical approach[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2002,22(7):565-577.
[4]Yang Qinghua,Yao Lingkan,Ren Ziming,et al.Centrifugal model test on dynamical characteristics of landslips of loose slope under seismic loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(2):368-374.[杨庆华,姚令侃,任自铭,等.地震作用下松散体斜坡崩塌动力学特性离心模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(2):368-374.]
[5]Dong Zhigao,Wu Jimin,Wang Wenyuan,et al.Stability analysis of avalanche deposit slopes under earthquake action[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2006,26(5):37-40.[董志高,吴继敏,王文远,等.地震作用崩塌堆积体边坡稳定性分析[J].水利水电科技进展,2006,26(5):37-40.]
[6]Ding Yanhui,Wang Qingyu,Sun Jinzhong,et al.Research on the method for prediction of earthquake-induced landslides and its application to engineering projects[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2000,8(4):475-480.[丁彦惠,王庆余,孙进忠,等.地震崩滑预测方法及其工程应用研究[J].工程地质学报,2000,8(4):475-480.]
[7]Li Xinpo,He Siming.Seismically induced slope instabilities and the corresponding treatments:the case of a road in the Wenchuan Earthquake hit region[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2009,6(1):96-100.
[8]Guan Zhicheng.Investigation of the5.12Wenchuan earthquake damages to the Zipingpu water control project and an assessment of its safety state[J].Science in China Series E:Technological Sciences,2009,52(4):820-834.
[9]Shi Yutao,Gao Yuan,Zhao Cuiping,et al.A study of seismic anisotropy of Wenchuan earthquake sequence[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2009,52(2):398-407.[石玉涛,高原,赵翠萍,等.汶川地震余震序列的地震各向异性[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(2):398-407.]
[10]Cui Peng,Wei Fangqiang,Chen Xiaoqing,et al.Geo-hazards in Wenchuan Earthquake area and countermeasures for disaster reduction[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2008,23(4):317-323.][崔鹏,韦方强,陈晓清,等.汶川地震次生山地灾害及其减灾对策[J].中国科学院院刊,2008,23(4):317-323.]
[11]Cui Peng,Wei Fangqiang,He Siming,et al.Mountain disasters induced by the earthquake of May 12 in Wenchuan and the disasters mitigation[J].J Mountain Science,2008,26(3):280-282.
[12]李杰,李国强.地震工程学导论[M].北京:地震出版社,1992.
[13]魏琏,王广军.地震作用[M].北京:地震出版社,1991.
[14]Liang Qingguo,Han Wenfeng,Ma Runyong,et al.Physical simulation study on dynamic failures of layered rock masses under strong ground motion[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(8):1307-1311.[梁庆国,韩文峰,马润勇,等.强地震动作用下层状岩体破坏的物理模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(8):1307-1311.]
[15]Keefer D K.Landslides caused by earthquake[J].Bulletin of Geological Society of America,1984,95(4):406-421.
[16]Kan C,Per B,Obukhov S P.Self-organized criticality in a crack-propagation model of earthquakes[J].Physical Review A,1991,43(2):625-630.
[17]李世愚,尹祥础.岩石断裂力学[M].中国地震局地球物理研究所,2006.
[18]中国航空研究院.应力强度因子手册[M].北京:科学出版社,1981.
[19]IME,GUCAS.Geological prospecting report in the damage road treating Project of Lafarge Dujiangyan Cement Co.,Ltd[R].2008.[中国科学院水利部成都山地所.都江堰拉法基水泥有限公司矿山上山公路地震损毁边坡及路基修复整治工程工程地质勘察报告[R].2008.]
[20]Morishita K,Ochiai S,Okuda H,et al.Fracture toughness of a crystalline silicon carbide fiber[J].Journal of the American Ceramic Society,2006,89(8):2571-2576.
[21]Li Liyun,Xu Fengguang,Xie Heping,et al.Fracture Study on ModeⅠ-ⅢCrack of Rock[C]//International Conference on Fracture and Damage Mechanics.Harbin:2006.
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