高地应力环境下硐室开挖围岩应力释放规律
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摘要
为研究高地应力环境下硐室掘进引起的围岩应力时空变化规律,以某地下工程模拟试验硐为例,开展了原地应力测量,应用压磁电感法高精度应力测试系统对地下硐室挖掘过程中围岩应力变化的全过程进行了跟踪监测。结果表明:高应力区试验硐掘进引起的围岩应力变化有应力释放、应力调整和应力平稳3个阶段;垂直于硐壁方向的应力变化最显著,距离硐壁0.6 m处原地应力基本完全释放;平行于硐壁方向的应力变化较小,释放掉原值的20%,应力在放炮时瞬间释放完毕;观测到最小主应力在调整阶段有2 MPa左右的应力加强现象。
In order to research the spatial and temporal changing regularity of wall-rock's stress arose by cavern excavation in the high stress condition,took the site and experimentation of one underground engineering as an example,did the measurement of in-situ stress,and used the piezomagnetic induction high-precision stress measuring system to tracking monitor the entire changing process of wall-rock'stress during the excavating process in the cavern.The result shows that there are three stage of wall-rock's stress change in the excavating process,that are stress releasing stage,stress adjusting stage and stress stabilizing stage.The change of stress is the most significant in the direction of against the cavern wall,and the in-situ stress is almost wholly released at a distance of 0.6 m from the cavern wall.Stress change along the cavern wall is slighter,and only 20% of the original value is released.The stress releasing process is completed in the instant of shot.The observation shows that the minimum principal stress has a stress enhancing phenomenon at a magnitude of about 2 MPa during the stress adjusting stage.
In order to research the spatial and temporal changing regularity of wall-rock's stress arose by cavern excavation in the high stress condition,took the site and experimentation of one underground engineering as an example,did the measurement of in-situ stress,and used the piezomagnetic induction high-precision stress measuring system to tracking monitor the entire changing process of wall-rock'stress during the excavating process in the cavern.The result shows that there are three stage of wall-rock's stress change in the excavating process,that are stress releasing stage,stress adjusting stage and stress stabilizing stage.The change of stress is the most significant in the direction of against the cavern wall,and the in-situ stress is almost wholly released at a distance of 0.6 m from the cavern wall.Stress change along the cavern wall is slighter,and only 20% of the original value is released.The stress releasing process is completed in the instant of shot.The observation shows that the minimum principal stress has a stress enhancing phenomenon at a magnitude of about 2 MPa during the stress adjusting stage.
引文
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[16]吕爱钟.高地应力区地下硐室断面形状的选择方法[J].煤炭学报,1997,22(5):495-498.L櫣Aizhong.Selection method of section configuration of under-ground chamber in high strata stress zone[J].Journal of ChinaCoal Society,1997,22(5):495-498.
[17]施兆贤,丁旭初,安其美.拉西瓦水电站地应力测量及有关问题的讨论[A].地壳构造与地壳应力文集(5)[C].北京:地震出版社,1991.Shi Zhaoxian,Ding Xuchu,An Qimei.The measurement of theground stress in Laxiwa hydroelectric station and discussion of therelative problem[A].The Crustal Structure and Stress Symposium(5)[C].Beijing:Seismological Press,1991.
[2]康红普,林健,张晓.深部矿井地应力测量方法研究与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):929-933.Kang Hongpu,Lin Jian,Zhang Xiao.Research and application of in-situ stress measurement in deep mines[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):929-933.
[3]齐庆新,雷毅,李宏艳,等.深孔断顶爆破防治冲击地压的理论与实践[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(S1):3 522-3 527.Qi Qingxin,Lei Yi,Li Hongyan,et al.Theory and application of pre-vention of rock burst by break-tip blast in deep hole[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(S1):3 522-3 527.
[4]何满潮,谢和平,彭苏萍,等.深部开采岩体力学研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2 803-2 811.He Manchao,Xie Heping,Peng Suping,et al.Study on rock mechan-ics in deep mining engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Me-chanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2 803-2 811.
[5]Hast N.The state of stress in the upper of the Earth’s crust[J].Tectonophysics,1969,8:169-211.
[6]李建春.压磁法地应力相对测量清理评价总结报告[A].地震监测与预报方法清理成果汇编:重力、地倾斜、地应力分册[C].北京:地震出版社,1989:235-248.Li Jianchun.The summarization of method of piezomagnetic stressmeasurment[A].The Fascicule of Achievement Collect of SeismicSurveillance and Predictive Methods on Gravity,Sloping and Stress[C].Beijing:Seismological Press,1989:235-248.
[7]张培耀.传感器加工工艺的实验研究[A].地震监测与预报方法清理成果汇编:重力、地倾斜、地应力分册[C].北京:地震出版社,1989:285-287.Zhang Peiyao.Experiment research of the transducer preparationmethod[A].The Fascicule of Achievement Collect of Seismic Sur-veillance and Predictive Methods on Gravity,Sloping and Stress[C].Beijing:Seismological Press,1989:285-287.
[8]潘立宙.测量地应力的钻孔变形法[A].地应力测量的原理和应用[C].北京:地质出版社,1981:1-47.Pan Lizhou.The method of measuring crustal stress by deform of thehole[A].Principle and Application that the Crustal Stress Measures[C].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1981:1-47.
[9]朱维申,何满潮.复杂条件下围岩稳定性与岩体动态施工力学[M].北京:科学出版社,1995:5-7.Zhu Weishen,He Manchao.The surrounding rock stability and thedynamic constructional mechanics of the rock mass under the compli-cated condition[M].Beijing:Science Press,1995:5-7.
[10]Korpach P.Stress changes near the face of underground excavations[A].Proceedings of the International Symposium on Rock Stressand Rock Ress Measurements[C].1986:635-645.
[11]刘世煌.拉西瓦水电站工程高地应力地区大型地下厂房硐群围岩稳定性研究[J].西北水电,1994(4):30-35.Liu Shihuang.Study on surrounding rock stability of huge under-ground powerhouse in Laxiwa water and electricity engineering[J].Xibei Hydroelectricity,1994(4):30-35.
[12]苏国韶,冯夏庭,江权,等.高地应力下地下工程稳定性分析与优化的局部能量释放率新指标研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(12):2 453-2 460.Su Guoshao,Feng Xiating,Jiang Quan,et al.Study on newindex oflocal energy release rate for stability analysis and optimal design ofunderground rockmass engineering with high geostress[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(12):2 453-2 460.
[13]何思为,向贤礼,卢世杰.高应力区应力与岩爆的关系[J].广东工业大学学报,2002,19(3):1-6.He Siwei,Xiang Xianli,Lu Shijie.The relationship between thestress and rock burst in highly stressed zone[J].Journal of Guang-dong University of Technology,2002,19(3):1-6.
[14]刘俊杰.采场前方应力分布参数的分析与模拟计算[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(7):743-747.Liu Junjie.Analysis and calculation on parameters of stress distri-bution of the front coal mining face[J].Journal of China Coal So-ciety,2008,33(7):743-747.
[15]韩嵩,蔡美峰.深部地应力场下砂岩力学性质的变化[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(6):570-572.Han Song,Cai Meifeng.The changes of mechanical properties ofsandstone in deep in-situ stress field[J].Journal of China Coal So-ciety,2007,32(6):570-572.
[16]吕爱钟.高地应力区地下硐室断面形状的选择方法[J].煤炭学报,1997,22(5):495-498.L櫣Aizhong.Selection method of section configuration of under-ground chamber in high strata stress zone[J].Journal of ChinaCoal Society,1997,22(5):495-498.
[17]施兆贤,丁旭初,安其美.拉西瓦水电站地应力测量及有关问题的讨论[A].地壳构造与地壳应力文集(5)[C].北京:地震出版社,1991.Shi Zhaoxian,Ding Xuchu,An Qimei.The measurement of theground stress in Laxiwa hydroelectric station and discussion of therelative problem[A].The Crustal Structure and Stress Symposium(5)[C].Beijing:Seismological Press,1991.
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