庐枞矿集区火山气液型铁、硫矿床及控矿构造的反射地震成像
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摘要
高分辨率反射地震在探测深度和分辨率方面具有其它方法无法比拟的优势,为试验该方法在探测深部似"层状"矿床和控矿构造方面的探测效果,作者于2008年在安徽庐枞(庐江-枞阳)矿集区的罗河-泥河-大包庄矿区采集了2条10km的高分辨率反射地震剖面。尽管矿区构造较为复杂,但偏移剖面仍发现了很多与地质吻合的反射。白垩纪沉积盆地(红盆)呈现清晰的三层结构,反映该地区白垩纪以来在伸展构造背景之下沉积环境还存在阶段性变化;盆地之下的反射更可能为晚侏罗世的碎屑岩沉积或中三叠世的碳酸盐岩沉积,红盆之下可能不存在庐枞"耳状"火山岩盆地的另一半。火山岩层大致也呈现3层结构,火山沉积岩层(双庙、砖桥组)的厚度在800～1000m,火山沉积岩之下有明显的"穹隆"状反射,可能为与侵入体有关的隆起。对照精细建立的矿床地质剖面,发现罗河、泥河矿体能够产生清晰的反射,初步证实高分辨反射地震可以直接探测到矿体,但当矿体陡倾、或结构形态复杂、或空间尺寸较小时,对应矿体位置没有可辨识的反射。试验结果表明高分辨率反射地震可以用于探测深部控矿构造,在合适条件下,可以探测似"层状"矿体。
High resolution seismic reflection method has the incomparable advantages over other methods in detecting depth and resolution.In order to test the effectiveness of this method in detecting deep stratiform-like deposit and ore-controlling structure,the author had collected two 10km long high-resolution reflection seismic profiles in Luohe-Nihe-Dabaozhuang mining area of Lu-Zong(Lujiang-Zongyang)ore district in Anhui Province in 2008.Although the structure of mining area is more complex,the migrated section has still showed many reflections which tallies with the geology.Cretaceous sedimentary basin(Cretaceous red basin)is showed a clear three-layer structure which indicate the stage changes in depositional environment under the extensional tectonics since Cretaceous.The reflections beneath the basin are more likely due to the clastic sediments of Late Jurassic,or the Carbonate sediments of Middle Triassic,and there may not exist the other half of the Lu-Zong volcanic terrane under the red basin.The volcanic strata also approximately presents three-layer structures,the thickness of the volcanic sedimentary strata(ShuangMiao Formation,ZhuanQiao Formation)is 800 to 1000 meters,there is obvious a "dome-shaped"reflection under the volcanic sedimentary rock,it is may be an intrusive related uplift.Compared with the finely builted deposit geological section,we can discover that Luohe and Nihe ore body have showed clear reflections,that initially confirmed the high resolution seismic reflection method can be directly used to detect the ore body,but when the ore body is steep and sloping,complex configuration and smaller size,it can not produce recognizable reflection.The test results show that high resolution seismic reflection method can be used to detect deep ore-controlling structure,even stratiform-like deposit in suitable conditions.
High resolution seismic reflection method has the incomparable advantages over other methods in detecting depth and resolution.In order to test the effectiveness of this method in detecting deep stratiform-like deposit and ore-controlling structure,the author had collected two 10km long high-resolution reflection seismic profiles in Luohe-Nihe-Dabaozhuang mining area of Lu-Zong(Lujiang-Zongyang)ore district in Anhui Province in 2008.Although the structure of mining area is more complex,the migrated section has still showed many reflections which tallies with the geology.Cretaceous sedimentary basin(Cretaceous red basin)is showed a clear three-layer structure which indicate the stage changes in depositional environment under the extensional tectonics since Cretaceous.The reflections beneath the basin are more likely due to the clastic sediments of Late Jurassic,or the Carbonate sediments of Middle Triassic,and there may not exist the other half of the Lu-Zong volcanic terrane under the red basin.The volcanic strata also approximately presents three-layer structures,the thickness of the volcanic sedimentary strata(ShuangMiao Formation,ZhuanQiao Formation)is 800 to 1000 meters,there is obvious a "dome-shaped"reflection under the volcanic sedimentary rock,it is may be an intrusive related uplift.Compared with the finely builted deposit geological section,we can discover that Luohe and Nihe ore body have showed clear reflections,that initially confirmed the high resolution seismic reflection method can be directly used to detect the ore body,but when the ore body is steep and sloping,complex configuration and smaller size,it can not produce recognizable reflection.The test results show that high resolution seismic reflection method can be used to detect deep ore-controlling structure,even stratiform-like deposit in suitable conditions.
引文
[1]安徽省地质调查院.2007.安徽省泥河铁矿外围地区地质图
[2]安徽省地质局庐枞地区铁矿会战指挥部.1980.安徽省庐江罗河铁矿详细地质勘探报告
[1]吴明安等.2010.泥河矿区勘探报告
[2]安徽省地质局三二七地质队.1981.安徽省庐江县大包庄硫铁矿床详细普查地质报告
Adam E,Perron G,Arnold G,Matthews L and Milkereit B.2003.3Dseismic imaging for VMS deposit exploration,Matagami,Quebec.In:Eaton DW,Milkereit B and Salisbury MH(eds.).HardrockSeismic Exploration(Geophysical Developments,No.10).USA:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,229-246
Bohlen T,Muller C and Milkereit B.2003.Elastic seismic-wavescattering from massive sulfide orebodies:On the role of compositionand shape.In:Eaton DW,Milkereit B and Salisbury MH(eds.).Hardrock Seismic Exploration(Geophysical Developments,No.10).USA:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,70-90
Claerbout JF.1992.Earth Soundings Analysis:Processing VersusInversion.Oxford:Blackwell Scientific Publications
Dong SW,Gao R,Lv QT,Zhang JS,Zhang RH,Xue HM,Wu CL,LuZW and Ma LC.2009.Deep structure and ore-forming in Lujiang-Zongyang ore concentrated area.Acta Geoscientica Sinica,30(3):279-284(in Chinese with English abstract)
Eaton DW.1999.Weak elastic wave scatting from massive sulfide orebodies.Geophysics,64(1):289-299
Eaton DW,Milkereit B and Salisbury M.2003.Seismic methods for deepmineral exploration:Mature technologies adapted to newtargets.TheLeading Edge,22(6):580-585
Gardner GHF,Gardner LW and Gregory AR.1974.Formation velocityand density:The diagnostic basics for stratigraphic traps.Geophysics,39:770-780
He DS.1994.Experience acquired in seismic exploration of metallicdeposits in Jiujiang-Ruichang area.Geophysical and GeochemicalExploration,18(1):76-79(in Chinese with English abstract)
Hobbs RW.2003.3D modelling of seismic-wave propagation usingcomplex elastic screen,with application to mineral exploration.In:Eaton DW,Milkereit B and Salisbury MH(eds.).HardrockSeismic Exploration(Geophysical developments,No.10).USA:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,59-69
Holbrook WS,Mooney WD and Christensen NI.1992.The seismicvelocity structure of the deep continental crust.In:Fountain DM,Arculus R and Kay RW(eds.).The Lower Continental Crust.Amsterdam:Elsevier,1-43
Huang QTand Yin GP.1988.The Luohe iron orefield,Lujiang,Anhui.In:Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration of Anhui Province(ed.).People s Republic of China Ministry of Geology and MineralResources,Geological Memoir:Deposit and Mineral,Number14.Beijing:Geological Publishing House(in Chinese)
Li TL and Eaton DW.2005.Delineating the Tuwu porphyry copperdeposit at Xinjiang,China,with seismic-reflection profiling.Geophysics,70(6):B53-B60
Lv QT,Hou ZQ,Shi DN,Zhao JH,Xu MC and Chai MT.2004.Tentative seismic reflection study of Shizishan orefield in Tonglingand its significance in regional exploration.Mineral Deposits,23(3):390-398(in Chinese with English abstract)
Lv QT,Shi DN,Zhao JH,Yan JY and Xu MC.2005.Seismic methodfor deep mineral exploration:Problems and prospects:A case studyof the Tongling ore district.Regional Geology of China,24(3):211-218(in Chinese with English abstract)
Ma ZG and Xie JG.2005.Relationship among compressional wave,shearwave velocities and density of rocks.Progress in Geophysics,20(4):905-910(in Chinese with English abstract)
Malehmir A,Tryggvason A,Lickorish Hand Weihed P.2007.Regionalstructural profiles in the western part of the PalaeoproterozoicSkellefte ore district,northern Sweden.Precambrian Research,159:1-18
Milkereit B,Green Aand Sudbury Working Group.1992.Deep geometryof the Sudbury structure from seismic reflection profiling.Geology,20:807-811
Milkereit B,Berrer EK,King AR,Watts AH,Roberts B,Adam E,Eaton DW,Wu J and Salisbury M.2000.Development of3-Dseismic exploration technology for deep nickel-copper deposits:Acase history from the Sudbury basin,Canada.Geophysics,65(6):1890-1899
Pretorius CC,Trewick WF,Fourie A and Irons C.2000.Application of3-D seismic to mine planning at Vaal Reefs gold mine,number10shaft,Republic of South Africa.Geophysics,65(6):1862-1870
Ren QJ,Liu XS,Xu ZW,Hu SX and Hu WX.1991.MesozoicVolcanotectonic Depression and Its Mineralizing Process in Lujiang-Zongyang Area,Anhui Province.Beijing:Geological PublishingHouse,1-206(in Chinese)
Roberts B,Zaleski E,Perron G,Adam E,Petri M and Salisbury M.2003.Seismic exploration of the Manitouwadge greenstone belt,Ontario:A case history.In:Eaton DW,Milkereit B and SalisburyMH(eds.).Hardrock Seismic Exploration(Geophysicaldevelopments,No.10).USA:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,110-126
Rupert GB and Chun JH.1975.The block move sum normal moveoutcorrection.Geopgysics,40(1):17-24
Salisbury MH,Milkereit B and Bleeker W.1996.Seismic imaging ofmassive sulfide deposits:Part I.rock properies.Economic Geology,91(5):821-828
Salisbury MH,Milkereit B,Ascough GL,Adair R,Schmitt D andMatthews L.2000.Physical properties and seismic imaging ofmassive sulfides.Geophysics,65(6):1882-1889
Salibury MH,Harvey CW and Matthews.2003.The acoustic propertiesof ores and host rocks in hardrock terranes.In:Eaton DW,MilkereitB and Salisbury MH(eds.).Hardrock Seismic Exploration(Geophysical developments,No.10).USA:Society of ExplorationGeophysicists,9-19
Wang QH and Cui ZR.1993.A tentative discussion on the seismicexploration technique for metallic deposits.Geophysical andGeochemical Exploration,17(5):354-361(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
White D,Boerner D,Wu JJ,Lucas S,Berrer E,Hannila J andSomerville R.2000.Mineral exploration in the Thompson nickelbelt,Manitoba,Canada,using seismic and controlled-source EMmethods.Geophysics,65(6):1871-1881
Wu MA,Zhang QM and Wang XY.1996.The Longqiao Iron Deposit,Lujiang,Anhui.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,172(inChinese)
Xu MC,Gao JH,Rong LX,Liu JX,Chai MTand Wang GK.2003.Anexperimental study of seismic scattering event method in theCaijiaying polymetallic ore district.Geophysical and GeochemicalExploration,27(1):49-54(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xu MC,Chai MT,Rong LX,Wang GK,Liu JX and Gao JH.2007.Thetentative application of the seismic method to the Bairendabapolymetallic deposit in Inner Mongolia.Geophysical andGeochemical Exploration,31(3):221-225(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
Yilmaz.1987.Seismic data processing.Series:Investigation inGeophysics.2.Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Zhang Q,Wang Y,Xiong XL and Li CD.2008.Adakites and Granites:Challenges and Opportunities.Beijing:China Land Press,1-344(in Chinese)
董树文,高锐,吕庆田,张季生,张荣华,薛怀民,吴才来,卢占武,马立成.2009.庐江-枞阳矿集区深部结构与成矿.地球学报,30(3):279-284
贺冬生.1994.九江-瑞昌地区金属矿地震勘探方法技术研究.物探与化探,18(1):76-79
黄清涛,尹恭沛.1988.安徽庐江罗河铁矿.见:安徽省地质矿产局编.中华人民共和国地质矿产部地质专报——矿床与矿产(第14号).北京:地质出版社
吕庆田,侯增谦,史大年,赵金花,徐明才,柴铭涛.2004.铜陵狮子山金属矿地震探测结果及对区域找矿的意义.矿床地质,23(3):390-398
吕庆田,史大年,赵金花,严加永,徐明才.2005.深部矿产勘查的地震学方法:问题与前景——铜陵矿集区的应用实例.地质通报,24(3):211-218
马中高,解吉高.2005.岩石的纵、横波速度与密度的规律研究.地球物理学进展,20(4):905-910
任启江,刘孝善,徐兆文,胡受奚,胡文-.1991.安徽庐枞中生代火山构造洼地及其成矿作用.北京:地质出版社,1-206
王庆海,崔占荣.1993.试论金属矿地震勘探技术.物探与化探,17(5):354-361
吴明安,张千明,汪祥云等.1996.安徽庐江龙桥铁矿.北京:地质出版社,172
徐明才,高景华,荣立新,刘建勋,柴铭涛,王广科.2003.散射波地震方法在蔡家营多金属矿区的试验研究.物探与化探,27(1):49-54
徐明才,柴铭涛,荣立新,王广科,刘建勋,高景华.2007.拜仁达坝多金属矿区的地震方法试验研究.物探与化探,31(3):221-225
张旗,王焰,熊小林,李承东.2008.埃达克岩与花岗岩:挑战与机遇.北京:中国大地出版社,1-343
[2]安徽省地质局庐枞地区铁矿会战指挥部.1980.安徽省庐江罗河铁矿详细地质勘探报告
[1]吴明安等.2010.泥河矿区勘探报告
[2]安徽省地质局三二七地质队.1981.安徽省庐江县大包庄硫铁矿床详细普查地质报告
Adam E,Perron G,Arnold G,Matthews L and Milkereit B.2003.3Dseismic imaging for VMS deposit exploration,Matagami,Quebec.In:Eaton DW,Milkereit B and Salisbury MH(eds.).HardrockSeismic Exploration(Geophysical Developments,No.10).USA:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,229-246
Bohlen T,Muller C and Milkereit B.2003.Elastic seismic-wavescattering from massive sulfide orebodies:On the role of compositionand shape.In:Eaton DW,Milkereit B and Salisbury MH(eds.).Hardrock Seismic Exploration(Geophysical Developments,No.10).USA:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,70-90
Claerbout JF.1992.Earth Soundings Analysis:Processing VersusInversion.Oxford:Blackwell Scientific Publications
Dong SW,Gao R,Lv QT,Zhang JS,Zhang RH,Xue HM,Wu CL,LuZW and Ma LC.2009.Deep structure and ore-forming in Lujiang-Zongyang ore concentrated area.Acta Geoscientica Sinica,30(3):279-284(in Chinese with English abstract)
Eaton DW.1999.Weak elastic wave scatting from massive sulfide orebodies.Geophysics,64(1):289-299
Eaton DW,Milkereit B and Salisbury M.2003.Seismic methods for deepmineral exploration:Mature technologies adapted to newtargets.TheLeading Edge,22(6):580-585
Gardner GHF,Gardner LW and Gregory AR.1974.Formation velocityand density:The diagnostic basics for stratigraphic traps.Geophysics,39:770-780
He DS.1994.Experience acquired in seismic exploration of metallicdeposits in Jiujiang-Ruichang area.Geophysical and GeochemicalExploration,18(1):76-79(in Chinese with English abstract)
Hobbs RW.2003.3D modelling of seismic-wave propagation usingcomplex elastic screen,with application to mineral exploration.In:Eaton DW,Milkereit B and Salisbury MH(eds.).HardrockSeismic Exploration(Geophysical developments,No.10).USA:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,59-69
Holbrook WS,Mooney WD and Christensen NI.1992.The seismicvelocity structure of the deep continental crust.In:Fountain DM,Arculus R and Kay RW(eds.).The Lower Continental Crust.Amsterdam:Elsevier,1-43
Huang QTand Yin GP.1988.The Luohe iron orefield,Lujiang,Anhui.In:Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration of Anhui Province(ed.).People s Republic of China Ministry of Geology and MineralResources,Geological Memoir:Deposit and Mineral,Number14.Beijing:Geological Publishing House(in Chinese)
Li TL and Eaton DW.2005.Delineating the Tuwu porphyry copperdeposit at Xinjiang,China,with seismic-reflection profiling.Geophysics,70(6):B53-B60
Lv QT,Hou ZQ,Shi DN,Zhao JH,Xu MC and Chai MT.2004.Tentative seismic reflection study of Shizishan orefield in Tonglingand its significance in regional exploration.Mineral Deposits,23(3):390-398(in Chinese with English abstract)
Lv QT,Shi DN,Zhao JH,Yan JY and Xu MC.2005.Seismic methodfor deep mineral exploration:Problems and prospects:A case studyof the Tongling ore district.Regional Geology of China,24(3):211-218(in Chinese with English abstract)
Ma ZG and Xie JG.2005.Relationship among compressional wave,shearwave velocities and density of rocks.Progress in Geophysics,20(4):905-910(in Chinese with English abstract)
Malehmir A,Tryggvason A,Lickorish Hand Weihed P.2007.Regionalstructural profiles in the western part of the PalaeoproterozoicSkellefte ore district,northern Sweden.Precambrian Research,159:1-18
Milkereit B,Green Aand Sudbury Working Group.1992.Deep geometryof the Sudbury structure from seismic reflection profiling.Geology,20:807-811
Milkereit B,Berrer EK,King AR,Watts AH,Roberts B,Adam E,Eaton DW,Wu J and Salisbury M.2000.Development of3-Dseismic exploration technology for deep nickel-copper deposits:Acase history from the Sudbury basin,Canada.Geophysics,65(6):1890-1899
Pretorius CC,Trewick WF,Fourie A and Irons C.2000.Application of3-D seismic to mine planning at Vaal Reefs gold mine,number10shaft,Republic of South Africa.Geophysics,65(6):1862-1870
Ren QJ,Liu XS,Xu ZW,Hu SX and Hu WX.1991.MesozoicVolcanotectonic Depression and Its Mineralizing Process in Lujiang-Zongyang Area,Anhui Province.Beijing:Geological PublishingHouse,1-206(in Chinese)
Roberts B,Zaleski E,Perron G,Adam E,Petri M and Salisbury M.2003.Seismic exploration of the Manitouwadge greenstone belt,Ontario:A case history.In:Eaton DW,Milkereit B and SalisburyMH(eds.).Hardrock Seismic Exploration(Geophysicaldevelopments,No.10).USA:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,110-126
Rupert GB and Chun JH.1975.The block move sum normal moveoutcorrection.Geopgysics,40(1):17-24
Salisbury MH,Milkereit B and Bleeker W.1996.Seismic imaging ofmassive sulfide deposits:Part I.rock properies.Economic Geology,91(5):821-828
Salisbury MH,Milkereit B,Ascough GL,Adair R,Schmitt D andMatthews L.2000.Physical properties and seismic imaging ofmassive sulfides.Geophysics,65(6):1882-1889
Salibury MH,Harvey CW and Matthews.2003.The acoustic propertiesof ores and host rocks in hardrock terranes.In:Eaton DW,MilkereitB and Salisbury MH(eds.).Hardrock Seismic Exploration(Geophysical developments,No.10).USA:Society of ExplorationGeophysicists,9-19
Wang QH and Cui ZR.1993.A tentative discussion on the seismicexploration technique for metallic deposits.Geophysical andGeochemical Exploration,17(5):354-361(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
White D,Boerner D,Wu JJ,Lucas S,Berrer E,Hannila J andSomerville R.2000.Mineral exploration in the Thompson nickelbelt,Manitoba,Canada,using seismic and controlled-source EMmethods.Geophysics,65(6):1871-1881
Wu MA,Zhang QM and Wang XY.1996.The Longqiao Iron Deposit,Lujiang,Anhui.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,172(inChinese)
Xu MC,Gao JH,Rong LX,Liu JX,Chai MTand Wang GK.2003.Anexperimental study of seismic scattering event method in theCaijiaying polymetallic ore district.Geophysical and GeochemicalExploration,27(1):49-54(in Chinese with English abstract)
Xu MC,Chai MT,Rong LX,Wang GK,Liu JX and Gao JH.2007.Thetentative application of the seismic method to the Bairendabapolymetallic deposit in Inner Mongolia.Geophysical andGeochemical Exploration,31(3):221-225(in Chinese withEnglish abstract)
Yilmaz.1987.Seismic data processing.Series:Investigation inGeophysics.2.Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicists
Zhang Q,Wang Y,Xiong XL and Li CD.2008.Adakites and Granites:Challenges and Opportunities.Beijing:China Land Press,1-344(in Chinese)
董树文,高锐,吕庆田,张季生,张荣华,薛怀民,吴才来,卢占武,马立成.2009.庐江-枞阳矿集区深部结构与成矿.地球学报,30(3):279-284
贺冬生.1994.九江-瑞昌地区金属矿地震勘探方法技术研究.物探与化探,18(1):76-79
黄清涛,尹恭沛.1988.安徽庐江罗河铁矿.见:安徽省地质矿产局编.中华人民共和国地质矿产部地质专报——矿床与矿产(第14号).北京:地质出版社
吕庆田,侯增谦,史大年,赵金花,徐明才,柴铭涛.2004.铜陵狮子山金属矿地震探测结果及对区域找矿的意义.矿床地质,23(3):390-398
吕庆田,史大年,赵金花,严加永,徐明才.2005.深部矿产勘查的地震学方法:问题与前景——铜陵矿集区的应用实例.地质通报,24(3):211-218
马中高,解吉高.2005.岩石的纵、横波速度与密度的规律研究.地球物理学进展,20(4):905-910
任启江,刘孝善,徐兆文,胡受奚,胡文-.1991.安徽庐枞中生代火山构造洼地及其成矿作用.北京:地质出版社,1-206
王庆海,崔占荣.1993.试论金属矿地震勘探技术.物探与化探,17(5):354-361
吴明安,张千明,汪祥云等.1996.安徽庐江龙桥铁矿.北京:地质出版社,172
徐明才,高景华,荣立新,刘建勋,柴铭涛,王广科.2003.散射波地震方法在蔡家营多金属矿区的试验研究.物探与化探,27(1):49-54
徐明才,柴铭涛,荣立新,王广科,刘建勋,高景华.2007.拜仁达坝多金属矿区的地震方法试验研究.物探与化探,31(3):221-225
张旗,王焰,熊小林,李承东.2008.埃达克岩与花岗岩:挑战与机遇.北京:中国大地出版社,1-343
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