时滞型岩爆的切缝法防治机制研究
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摘要
针对西南地区水电工程中岩爆频发的问题,提出在洞周向围岩内部切缝的方法防治时滞型岩爆。从理论分析、数值模拟和施工工艺3方面探讨了切缝法防治时滞型岩爆机制与方法。切缝为环向应变提供变形空间,降低了围岩表面的环向应力大小。切缝底部及切缝间形成的塑性区,消耗了围岩中的部分弹性应变能。理论分析和数值模拟的结果表明,合理布局切缝的部位、间距及数量可以提高防治的效果,在实际操作中还应根据围岩的特性合理选择和设计切缝的成型方案,如采用破碎孔和聚能预裂爆破等方法,以准确控制切缝尺寸。
The slot-cut method is put forward,aiming at the problem of frequent rockburst for hydropower projects in Southwest China.The mechanism and method of slot-cut prevention of delayed rockburst are discussed by theoretical analysis,numerical simulation,and construction technology.The existence of slots provides extra space for circumferential deformation,thus decreases the circumferential stress on the surface of surrounding rock mass.The plastic strain formed on the slot bottom and between slots absorbs part of the elastic strain energy stored in the rock mass.It's revealed by the numerical analysis that the location,spacing and number of slots should be arranged reasonably for better prevention effect.In actual practice,the slots-cutting operation should be well designed,for more accurate control on the dimensions of slots,and can be accomplished by drill-blasting or accumulative explosives pre-split blasting.
The slot-cut method is put forward,aiming at the problem of frequent rockburst for hydropower projects in Southwest China.The mechanism and method of slot-cut prevention of delayed rockburst are discussed by theoretical analysis,numerical simulation,and construction technology.The existence of slots provides extra space for circumferential deformation,thus decreases the circumferential stress on the surface of surrounding rock mass.The plastic strain formed on the slot bottom and between slots absorbs part of the elastic strain energy stored in the rock mass.It's revealed by the numerical analysis that the location,spacing and number of slots should be arranged reasonably for better prevention effect.In actual practice,the slots-cutting operation should be well designed,for more accurate control on the dimensions of slots,and can be accomplished by drill-blasting or accumulative explosives pre-split blasting.
引文
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[15]黄运飞.天生桥引水隧洞岩爆防治措施研究[J].地下空间,1989,9(2):31-34.HUANG Yun-fei.Prevention methods study of rockburstin Tianshengqiao diversion tunnel[J].UndergroundSpace,1989,9(2):31-34.
[16]秦跃平,武玉梁,姚有利.巷道壁面切割槽缝法防治岩爆的研究[J].采矿技术,2006,6(3):318-321.QIN Yue-ping,WU Yu-liang,YAO You-li.Rockburstprevention study of slot-cut method on lane wall[J].Mining Technology,2006,6(3):318-321.
[17]李新平,陈俊桦,李友华,等.溪洛渡电站地下洞室群爆破地震效应的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(3):493-501.LI Xin-ping,CHEN Jun-hua,LI You-hua,et al.Study ofblasting seismic effects of underground chamber group inXiluodu hydropower station[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(3):493-501.
[18]王文龙.钻眼爆破[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1984.
[19]张玥.V形刻槽爆破机制动态数值模拟分析[J].爆破器材,2009,38(4):1-5.ZHANG Yue.Dynamic numerical simulation for themechanism of V-shaped notch blasting[J].ExplosiveMaterials,2009,38(4):1-5.
[20]徐颖,沈兆武,孟益平.爆炸载荷作用下刻槽炮孔动态裂纹扩展规律[J].中国科学技术大学学报,2003,33(2):184-189.XU Ying,SHENG Zhao-wu,MENG Yi-ping.Investigation on dynamic expanding rule and applicationin notch blasting[J].Journal of University of Scienceand Technology of China,2003,33(2):184-189.
[2]HEAL D,POTVIN Y,HUDYMA M.Evaluatingrockburst damage potential in underground mining[C]//Proceedings of 41st U.S.Symposium on RockMechanics(USRMS).USA:Curran Associates,2006:322-329.
[3]HIRATA A,KAMEOKA Y,HIRANO T.Safetymanagement based on detection of possible rock bursts byAE monitoring during tunnel excavation[J].RockMechanics and Rock Engineering,2007,40(6):563-576.
[4]TRIFU CI,SUORINENI FT.Use of microseismicmonitoring for rockburst management at Vale Incomines[C]//Proceedings of 7th International Symposiumon Rockburst and Seismicity in Mines(RASIM7).NewYork:Rinton Press,2009:1105-1114.
[5]REUTER M,KURFURST V,MAYRHOFER K,VEKSLER J.Undulant rock pressure distribution along alongwall face[J].Journal of Mining Science,2009,45(2):130-136.
[6]BUKOWSKA M.The probability of rockburst occurrencein the upper Silesian coal basin area dependent on naturalmining conditions[J].Journal of Mining Science,2006,42(6):570-577.
[7]徐林生,王兰生,李永林.岩爆形成机制与判据研究[J].岩土力学,2002,23(3):300-303.XU Lin-sheng,WANG Lan-sheng,LI Yong-lin.Study onmechanism and judgement of rockbursts[J].Rock andSoil Mechanics,2002,23(3):300-303.
[8]宫凤强,李夕兵,张伟.基于Bayes判别分析方法的地下工程岩爆发生及烈度分级预测[J].岩土力学,2010,31(增刊1):370-377,387.GONG Feng-qiang,LI Xi-bing,ZHANG Wei.Rockburstprediction of underground engineering based on Bayesdiscriminant analysis method[J].Rock and SoilMechanics,2010,31(Supp.1):370-377,387.
[9]王斌,李夕兵,马春德,等.基于三维地应力测量的岩爆预测问题研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(3):849-854.WANG Bin,LI Xi-bing,MA Chun-de,et al.Study offorecast of rock burst based on three dimensional in-situstress measurement[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(3):849-854.
[10]何满潮,苗金丽,李德建,等.深部花岗岩试样岩爆过程实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):865-876.HE Man-chao,MIAO Jin-li,LI De-jian,et al.Experimentstudy on rockburst process of granite specimen at greatdepth[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2007,26(5):865-876.
[11]严鹏,陈祥荣,单治钢,等.基于超剪应力控制的岩爆防治措施研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(增刊1):453-458.YAN Peng,CHEN Xiang-rong,SHAN Zhi-gang,et al.study of rock-burst prevention measures based oncontrolling the super shear stress[J].Rock and SoilMechanics,2008,29(Supp.1):453-458.
[12]ZHU Qi-hu,LU Wen-bo,SUN Jin-shan,et al.Preventionof rockburst by guide holes based on numericalsimulations[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2009,19(3):346-351.
[13]冯夏庭,江权,苏国韶.高应力下硬岩地下工程稳定性智能分析与动态优化[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(7):1341–1352.FENG Xia-ting,JIANG Quan,SU Guo-shao.Integratedintelligent stability analysis and dynamic optimization ofunderground engineering in hard rock with highgeostress[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2008,27(7):1341-1352.
[14]唐春安,王继敏.岩爆及其微震监测预报——可行性与初步实践[J].岩石力学与工程动态,2010,89(1):43-55.TANG Chun-an,WANG Ji-min.Rock and seismicmonitoring and prediction——The feasibility and thepreliminary practice[J].Rock Mechanics andEngineering News,2010,89(1):43-55.
[15]黄运飞.天生桥引水隧洞岩爆防治措施研究[J].地下空间,1989,9(2):31-34.HUANG Yun-fei.Prevention methods study of rockburstin Tianshengqiao diversion tunnel[J].UndergroundSpace,1989,9(2):31-34.
[16]秦跃平,武玉梁,姚有利.巷道壁面切割槽缝法防治岩爆的研究[J].采矿技术,2006,6(3):318-321.QIN Yue-ping,WU Yu-liang,YAO You-li.Rockburstprevention study of slot-cut method on lane wall[J].Mining Technology,2006,6(3):318-321.
[17]李新平,陈俊桦,李友华,等.溪洛渡电站地下洞室群爆破地震效应的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(3):493-501.LI Xin-ping,CHEN Jun-hua,LI You-hua,et al.Study ofblasting seismic effects of underground chamber group inXiluodu hydropower station[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(3):493-501.
[18]王文龙.钻眼爆破[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1984.
[19]张玥.V形刻槽爆破机制动态数值模拟分析[J].爆破器材,2009,38(4):1-5.ZHANG Yue.Dynamic numerical simulation for themechanism of V-shaped notch blasting[J].ExplosiveMaterials,2009,38(4):1-5.
[20]徐颖,沈兆武,孟益平.爆炸载荷作用下刻槽炮孔动态裂纹扩展规律[J].中国科学技术大学学报,2003,33(2):184-189.XU Ying,SHENG Zhao-wu,MENG Yi-ping.Investigation on dynamic expanding rule and applicationin notch blasting[J].Journal of University of Scienceand Technology of China,2003,33(2):184-189.
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