岩石蠕变破坏实验曲线的微观阶段特征研究
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摘要
通过提高岩石蠕变实验时的数据采集密度来捕捉岩石破裂的微观信息,进行了泥岩三轴蠕变实验微观破裂时间点的界定与分析。研究得到了泥岩三轴蠕变过程4分区特征:Ⅰ区斜率较大,蠕应变振动幅度较低;Ⅱ区斜率中等,蠕应变振动幅度较高;Ⅲ区斜率近乎为0,蠕应变振动幅度高;Ⅳ区的斜率由较大迅速增加至最大,蠕应变振动幅度渐进缩小至最低。发现各亚阶段蠕变率平均值与蠕变时间之间呈"降低—稳定—0—渐进增长—急速上升"规律。得到了泥岩三轴蠕变过程的区段间特征:一定的应变速率有利于岩石应变演化的相对平衡;应变速率为0的亚阶段轴向应变振幅渐进放大,岩石破裂是能量单调积累的结果;蠕变初期和加速蠕变末期的岩石变形模式比较简单。通过蠕变曲线4分区与传统蠕变3阶段的微破裂特征辨析,得到微观尺度下岩石加速蠕变阶段的多样性和稳态蠕变阶段的复杂性特点。
By increasing points of data collection in rock creep test,information of microcosmic cracks were caught to determine their time positions in triaxial creep testing curves of mudstone.Triaxial creep process of mudstone was divided into four stages and many sub-phases,which slope is higher and creep fluctuation range is lower at the first stage,slope is middle and creep fluctuation range is higher at the second stage,slope is approximately zero and creep fluctuation range is higher at the third stage,higher slope increase to be the maximum one and creep fluctuation range decrease to be the lowest one gradually at the fourth stage.Average creep strain rates of every sub-phases are depressed,stable,zero,gradual growth and zoomac with creep time.Creep properties of mudstone among different developing stages or sub-phases present that definite creep strain rates are propitious to relative equilibrium of rock creep strain's evolution.Fluctuation range of axial creep strain can be enlarged gradually in sub-phase whose strain rate is zero,which states that rock cracks are coupled with monotonous accumulation of energy.Deformation modes are relatively simplified in initial creep stage and telophase of accelerated creep stage.Comparing microcosmic cracks' features from four-subarea creep curves with that from traditional three-phase creep curves,accelerate creep phases of rock masses should be multiform and their steady creep phases must be complicated in microcosmic scale.
By increasing points of data collection in rock creep test,information of microcosmic cracks were caught to determine their time positions in triaxial creep testing curves of mudstone.Triaxial creep process of mudstone was divided into four stages and many sub-phases,which slope is higher and creep fluctuation range is lower at the first stage,slope is middle and creep fluctuation range is higher at the second stage,slope is approximately zero and creep fluctuation range is higher at the third stage,higher slope increase to be the maximum one and creep fluctuation range decrease to be the lowest one gradually at the fourth stage.Average creep strain rates of every sub-phases are depressed,stable,zero,gradual growth and zoomac with creep time.Creep properties of mudstone among different developing stages or sub-phases present that definite creep strain rates are propitious to relative equilibrium of rock creep strain's evolution.Fluctuation range of axial creep strain can be enlarged gradually in sub-phase whose strain rate is zero,which states that rock cracks are coupled with monotonous accumulation of energy.Deformation modes are relatively simplified in initial creep stage and telophase of accelerated creep stage.Comparing microcosmic cracks' features from four-subarea creep curves with that from traditional three-phase creep curves,accelerate creep phases of rock masses should be multiform and their steady creep phases must be complicated in microcosmic scale.
引文
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[2]张立俊,刘传孝.流变围岩巷道支护技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2008.
[3]孙钧.岩土力学与地下工程结构分析计算的若干进展[J].力学季刊,2005,26(3):329-338.Sun Jun.Recent development on the computation techniques of geo-mechanics and underground structures[J].Chinese Quarterly of Me-chanics,2005,26(3):329-338.
[4]袁海平,曹平,万文,等.分级加卸载条件下软弱复杂矿岩蠕变规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(8):1 575-1 581.Yuan Haiping,Cao Ping,Wan Wen,et al.Study on creep rules ofsoft and intricate ore-rock under step load and unload[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(8):1 575-1 581.
[5]张忠亭,罗居剑.分级加载下岩石蠕变特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(2):218-222.Zhang Zhongting,Luo Jujian.Study on creep properties of rock understep load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(2):218-222.
[6]陈景涛.岩石变形特征和声发射特征的三轴试验研究[J].武汉理工大学学报,2008,30(2):94-96,118.Chen Jingtao.Experimental study on triaxial compression deformation and acoustic emission property of rock[J].Journal of Wuhan Univer-sity of Technology,2008,30(2):94-96,118.
[7]赵兴东,陈长华,刘建坡,等.不同岩石声发射活动特性的实验研究[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2008,29(11):1 633-1 636.Zhao Xingdong,Chen Changhua,Liu Jianpo,et al.Experimentalstudy on AE activity characteristics of different rock samples[J].Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science),2008,29(11):1 633-1 636.
[8]刘传孝,张加旺,张美政,等.分级加卸载硬岩短时蠕变特性试验研究[J].实验力学,2009,24(5):459-466.Liu Chuanxiao,Zhang Jiawang,Zhang Meizheng,et al.Short-termcreep test with step loading and unloading method to hard rock[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2009,24(5):459-466.
[9]韩冰,王芝银.基于小波变换的岩石三轴蠕变曲线消噪分析[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(3):243-247.Han Bing,Wang Zhiyin.Analysis of de-noising based on wavelettransform in triaxial creep experiment of rock[J].Journal of ChinaCoal Society,2007,32(3):243-247.
[10]翟小洁,傅荣华,张兵.利用Kaiser效应测试地应力的实验研究[J].四川地震,2008(1):18-21.Zhai Xiaojie,Fu Ronghua,Zhang Bing.Using Kaiser effect to meas-ure initial stress in rock[J].Earthquake Research in Sichuan,2008(1):18-21.
[11]向天兵,冯夏庭,陈炳瑞,等.开挖与支护应力路径下硬岩破坏过程的真三轴与声发射试验研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(S1):500-506.Xiang Tianbing,Feng Xiating,Chen Bingrui,et al.True triaxial andacoustic emission experimental study of failure process of hard rockunder excavating and supporting stress paths[J].Rock and SoilMechanics,2008,29(S1):500-506.
[12]傅鹤林.岩石声发射的Kaiser效应及其在地应力场测试中的应用[J].化工矿物与加工,2002(5):20-22.Fu Helin.Application of Kaiser effect of acoustic emission in moni-toring ground stress[J].Industrial Minerals and Processing,2002(5):20-22.
[13]吴永胜,余贤斌.单轴压缩条件下岩石声发射特性的实验研究[J].金属矿山,2008(10):25-28.Wu Yongsheng,Yu Xianbin.Experimental study on the acousticemission characteristics of rocks at uniaxial compression[J].MetalMine,2008(10):25-28.
[14]张茹,谢和平,刘建锋,等.单轴多级加载岩石破坏声发射特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(12):2 584-2 588.Zhang Ru,Xie Heping,Liu Jianfeng,et al.Experimental study onacoustic emission characteristics of rock failure under uniaxial mul-tilevel loadings[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engi-neering,2006,25(12):2 584-2 588.
[15]陈绍杰.煤岩强度与变形特征实验研究及其在条带煤柱设计中的应用[D].青岛:山东科技大学,2005.
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