深部煤岩单体及组合体的破坏机制与力学特性研究
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摘要
采用MTS815试验机对钱家营岩样、煤样和煤岩组合体进行单轴和三轴压缩试验,获得不同应力条件下煤岩单体及组合体的破坏模式和力学行为,并比较异同。单轴条件下钱家营砂岩的破坏以剪切、劈裂及混合破坏模式为主,并且砂岩的峰值强度、弹性模量和波速近似成正比关系;在一定条件下砂岩能产生Ⅱ类曲线,但需采用环向位移控制加载,且砂岩需具有高强度和低非均质度,但煤和煤岩组合体几乎不发生Ⅱ类曲线破坏。单轴条件下煤样以劈裂破坏机制为主,但煤样的峰值强度与弹性模量、波速的关系基本不明显。对于不同围压下煤岩组合体的破坏主要发生在煤体内部:单轴条件下煤岩组合体的破坏以劈裂破坏为主,而煤体内部发生的破坏由于裂纹的高速扩展有可能贯通到岩石中去,从而导致岩石的破坏,并且煤岩组合体破坏后几乎完全丧失承载能力;而三轴试验中,煤岩组合体的破坏以剪切破坏为主,但破坏后还有残余强度。随着围压升高煤岩组合体弹性模量总体趋势是初始缓慢增加,当围压超过15 MPa后弹性模量迅速增加;组合体的峰值强度与围压基本成线性关系。
Testing system MTS 815 is used to carry out uniaxial and triaxial compression tests for Qianjiaying rock,coal and coal-rock combined body,and their mechanical behaviors and failure modes under different stresses conditions are obtained correspondingly.The similarities and differences between them are analyzed in detail.The shear failure,splitting failure and mixed failure are the main failure modes for Qianjiaying sandstone under uniaxial condition.In addition,the peak strength and modulus of sandstone are similar proportional relationship with wave velocity.Under a certain conditions,such as the circumferential displacement control loading,high strength and low non-homogeneity of rock,type Ⅱ failure curve of rock can be obtained.However,type Ⅱ failure can not take place in coal or coal-rock combined body.Under uniaxial compression condition,splitting failure is the main failure mechanism for coal sample.However,the relationship between the peak strength,elastic modulus and wave velocity is not obvious.Under different confining pressures,the failure of coal-rock combined body mainly occurs in coal body.Under uniaxial condition,the failure mechanism of coal-rock combined body is mainly splitting failure.In addition,the high velocity crack propagation in coal body can induce the damage of rock;and the cracks in coal can extend to the rock.All of these can lead to the failure and loss of bearing capacity of coal-rock combined body.However,under triaxial compression condition,the failure mechanism of combined body is mainly shear failure;and the combined body after failure have residual strength.With the increase in confining pressure,the elastic modulus of Qianjiaying combined body increases slowly at the beginning and then increases quickly when the confining pressure is larger than 15 MPa.The peak strength of combined body is approximately linear with the confining pressure.
Testing system MTS 815 is used to carry out uniaxial and triaxial compression tests for Qianjiaying rock,coal and coal-rock combined body,and their mechanical behaviors and failure modes under different stresses conditions are obtained correspondingly.The similarities and differences between them are analyzed in detail.The shear failure,splitting failure and mixed failure are the main failure modes for Qianjiaying sandstone under uniaxial condition.In addition,the peak strength and modulus of sandstone are similar proportional relationship with wave velocity.Under a certain conditions,such as the circumferential displacement control loading,high strength and low non-homogeneity of rock,type Ⅱ failure curve of rock can be obtained.However,type Ⅱ failure can not take place in coal or coal-rock combined body.Under uniaxial compression condition,splitting failure is the main failure mechanism for coal sample.However,the relationship between the peak strength,elastic modulus and wave velocity is not obvious.Under different confining pressures,the failure of coal-rock combined body mainly occurs in coal body.Under uniaxial condition,the failure mechanism of coal-rock combined body is mainly splitting failure.In addition,the high velocity crack propagation in coal body can induce the damage of rock;and the cracks in coal can extend to the rock.All of these can lead to the failure and loss of bearing capacity of coal-rock combined body.However,under triaxial compression condition,the failure mechanism of combined body is mainly shear failure;and the combined body after failure have residual strength.With the increase in confining pressure,the elastic modulus of Qianjiaying combined body increases slowly at the beginning and then increases quickly when the confining pressure is larger than 15 MPa.The peak strength of combined body is approximately linear with the confining pressure.
引文
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[21]钱家营矿地测科.钱家营地质报告[R].开滦:钱家营矿地测科,2008.(Department of Geology Survey in Qianjiaying Coal Mine.Geology report of Qianjiaying coal mine[R].Kailuan:Department of Geology Survey in Qianjiaying Coal Mine,2008.(in Chinese))
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[24]HOEK E,BROWN E T.Underground excavations in rock[M].London:Institution of Mining and Metallurgy,1980.
[2]古德生.金属矿床深部开采中的科学问题[C]//香山第175次科学会议论文集.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002:192–201.(GU Desheng.The science problems in deep mining of metal deposite[C]//Proceedings of the 175th Xiangshan Science Congress.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2002:192–201.(in Chinese))
[3]谢和平.深部高应力下的资源开采——现状、基础科学问题与展望[C]//香山第175次科学会议论文集.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002:179–191.(XIE Heping.Resources development under high ground stress:present state,basic science problems and perspective[C]//Proceedings of the 175th Xiangshan Science Congress.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2002:179–191.(in Chinese))
[4]冯夏庭.深部大型地下工程开采与利用中的几个关键岩石力学问题[C]//香山第175次科学会议论文集.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002:202–211.(FENG Xiating.Several key rock mechanical problems in underground excavation and usage[C]//Proceedings of the 175th Xiangshan Science Congress.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2002:202–211.(in Chinese))
[5]何满潮.深部的概念体系及工程评价指标[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2 854–2 858.(HE Manchao.Conception system and evaluation indexes for deep engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2 854–2 858.(in Chinese))
[6]PENG S P,ZHANG J C.Engineering geology for underground rocks[M].[S.l.]:Springer,2007.
[7]黄润秋,许强,陶连金,等.地质灾害过程模拟和过程控制研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.(HUANG Runqiu,XU Qiang,TAO Lianjin,et al.Simulation and control of geohazards process[M].Beijing:Science Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[8]秦四清,张倬元,王士天,等.非线性工程地质学导引[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1993.(QIN Siqing,ZHANG Zhuoyuan,WANG Shitian,et al.An introduction to nonlinear engineering geology[M].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University Press,1993.(in Chinese))
[9]左宇军,李夕兵,张义平.动静组合加载下的岩石破坏特性[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2008.(ZUO Yujun,LI Xibing,ZHANG Yiping.Study on failure characteristics of rock under static-dynamic coupling loading[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,2008.(in Chinese))
[10]PATERSON M S,WONG T F.Experimental rock deformation—the brittle field[M].2nd ed.New York:Spinger-Verlag,2005.
[11]JAEGER J C,COOK N G W,ZIMMERMAN R W.Fundamentals of rock mechanics[M].4th ed.Oxford:Blackwell Publishing,2007.
[12]MOGI K.Experimental rock mechanics[M].Florida,USA:CRC Press,2007.
[13]陈颙,黄庭芳,刘恩儒.岩石物理学[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2009.(CHEN Yong,HUANG Tingfang,LIU Enru.Rock physics[M].University of Science and Technology of China Press,2009.(in Chinese))
[14]林鹏,唐春安,陈忠辉,等.二岩体系统破坏全过程的数值模拟和试验研究[J].地震,1999,19(4):413–418.(LIN Peng,TANG Chun′an,CHEN Zhonghui,et al.Numerical and experimental study on deformation and failure behavior in a double-rock specimen system[J].Earthquake,1999,19(4):413–418.(in Chinese))
[15]谢和平,陈忠辉,周宏伟,等.基于工程体与地质体相互作用的两体力学模型初探[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(9):1 487–1 464.(XIE Heping,CHEN Zhonghui,ZHOU Hongwei,et al.Study on two-body mechanical model based on interaction between structural body and geo-body[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(9):1 487–1 464.(in Chinese))
[16]谢和平,冯夏庭.灾害环境下重大工程安全性的基础研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.(XIE Heping,FENG Xiating.Basic research of the security of major projects under disasters environment[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009.(in Chinese))
[17]窦林名,田京城,陆菜平,等.组合煤岩冲击破坏电磁辐射规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(19):3 541–3 544.(DOU Linming,TIAN Jingcheng,LU Caiping,et al.Research on electromagnetic radiation rules of composed coal-rock burst failure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(19):3 541–3 544.(in Chinese))
[18]齐庆新.层状煤岩体结构破坏的冲击矿压理论与实践研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:煤炭科学研究总院北京开采研究所,1996.(QI Qingxin.Theory of rockburst caused by structure failure of bedded coal rock mass and its application[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:Beijing Mining Research Institute,China Coal Research Institute,1996.(in Chinese))
[19]李纪青,齐庆新,毛德兵,等.应用煤岩组合模型方法评价煤岩冲击倾向性探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增1):4 805–4 810.(LI Jiqing,QI Qingxin,MAO Debing,et al.Discussion on evaluation method of bursting liability with composite model of coal and rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(Supp.1):4 805–4 810.(in Chinese))
[20]刘波,杨仁树,郭东明,等.孙村煤矿-1 100 m水平深部煤岩冲击倾向性组合试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(14):2 402–2 408.(LIU Bo,YANG Renshu,GUO Dongming,et al.Burst-prone experiments of coal-rock combination at-1 100 m level in Suncun coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(14):2 402–2 408.(in Chinese))
[21]钱家营矿地测科.钱家营地质报告[R].开滦:钱家营矿地测科,2008.(Department of Geology Survey in Qianjiaying Coal Mine.Geology report of Qianjiaying coal mine[R].Kailuan:Department of Geology Survey in Qianjiaying Coal Mine,2008.(in Chinese))
[22]BROWN E T.Rock characterization,testing and monitoring:ISRM suggested methods[M].Oxford:Pergamon Press,1981.
[23]潘鹏志,周辉,冯夏庭.岩石I类和II类曲线形成机制的弹塑性细胞自动机分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增2):3 823–3 829.(PAN Pengzhi,ZHOU Hui,FENG Xiating.Analysis of mechanism of rock behaviors of classes I and classes II using elastoplastic cellular automata[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(Supp.2):3 823–3 829.(in Chinese))
[24]HOEK E,BROWN E T.Underground excavations in rock[M].London:Institution of Mining and Metallurgy,1980.
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