高桩基础水平静载和撞击模型试验研究
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摘要
开展了水平静力和撞击荷载作用下高桩基础的1g大比例模型试验研究,测试获得了桩顶水平静动力作用力、桩身水平静力变形、桩身水平振动响应、桩身静动力弯矩及桩侧静动力土压力等。发现由实测桩身静力弯矩推算的桩周土反力规律与实测静态桩周土压力规律较为一致;水平撞击荷载作用下,动态桩周土反力与撞击力时程曲线密切相关。结合弹性地基梁线弹性动力模型及静动力p–y曲线模型的分析揭示了桩土静动力相互作用机理及其对桩基内力和变形的影响规律。综合比较了上述分析模型的理论计算结果及试验实测结果,推荐采用复合刚度动力p–y曲线模型分析水平撞击荷载作用下的高桩基础,其分析结果与实测桩身振动响应和内力均吻合良好。最后采用该模型对现场防撞桩进行了防撞分析。
A series of model tests at 1g are carried out to study behaviors of elevated piles subjected to both lateral static and impact loading.The horizontal static and impact loading,deflection,horizontal dynamic response,static and dynamic bending moments of the pile shaft as well as the static and dynamic soil pressures on the pile shaft are measured.It is found that the characteristics of static soil reaction to the pile shaft deduced from the bending moment of the pile shaft consistent with those of the measured static soil pressure on the pile shaft.For the pile subjected to the lateral impact loading,the dynamic soil reaction to the pile shaft is heavily related to the time-history of impact loading.Associated with the analysis by Winkler linear models as well as the static and dynamic p–y curve models,the characteristics of pile-soil static and dynamic interaction and its effects on bending moment and deflection of the pile shaft are investigated.The numerical results of the above models are compared with the test results,based on which the complex stiffness dynamic p–y curve model is recommended for the analysis of elevated piles subjected to the lateral impact loading.Its analytic results are in good agreement with the test results of the dynamic responses and bending moment of the pile shaft,and the model is used for the anti-collision analysis of an in-situ elevated pile.
A series of model tests at 1g are carried out to study behaviors of elevated piles subjected to both lateral static and impact loading.The horizontal static and impact loading,deflection,horizontal dynamic response,static and dynamic bending moments of the pile shaft as well as the static and dynamic soil pressures on the pile shaft are measured.It is found that the characteristics of static soil reaction to the pile shaft deduced from the bending moment of the pile shaft consistent with those of the measured static soil pressure on the pile shaft.For the pile subjected to the lateral impact loading,the dynamic soil reaction to the pile shaft is heavily related to the time-history of impact loading.Associated with the analysis by Winkler linear models as well as the static and dynamic p–y curve models,the characteristics of pile-soil static and dynamic interaction and its effects on bending moment and deflection of the pile shaft are investigated.The numerical results of the above models are compared with the test results,based on which the complex stiffness dynamic p–y curve model is recommended for the analysis of elevated piles subjected to the lateral impact loading.Its analytic results are in good agreement with the test results of the dynamic responses and bending moment of the pile shaft,and the model is used for the anti-collision analysis of an in-situ elevated pile.
引文
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[18]CHEN R P,CHEN Y M,XU W,et al.Measurement of electrical conductivity of pore water in saturated sandy soils using time domain reflectometry(TDR)measurements[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2010,47(2):197–206.
[19]周燕国,陈云敏,黄博,等.利用弯曲元测量土体表层剪切波速的初步试验[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(12):1883–1887.(ZHOU Yan-guo,CHEN Yun-min,HUANG Bo,et al.Preliminary tests of measuring shear wave velocity on soil surface using bender elements[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(12):1883–1887.(in Chinese))
[20]浙江大学岩土工程研究所,浙江省电力设计院.柔性护墩桩式防撞系统性能、模型试验及设计理论研究报告[R].杭州,2010.(Institute of Geotechnical Engineering of Zhejiang University,Zhejiang Provincial Electric Power Design Institute[R].Hangzhou,2010.(in Chinese))
[21]KIM B T,KIM N K,LEE W J,et al.Experimental load-transfer curves of laterally loaded piles in Nak-Dong River sand[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2004,130(4):416–425.
[22]American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials(AASHTO).LRFD bridge design specifications[M].1st ed.Washington D.C.,1994.
[23]罗林阁,曹映泓,陈国虞,等.船舶撞击桥梁的撞击力计算方法探讨[J].中外公路,2006,26(5):78–81.(LUO Lin-ge,CAO Ying-hong,CHEN Guo-yu,et al.Study of force calculation method for bridge pier subjected to ship collision[J].Journal of China and Foreign Highway,2006,26(5):78–81.(in Chinese))
[2]REESE L C,COX W R,KOOP F D.Analysis of laterally loaded piles in sand[C]//Proceedings of the 6th Annual Offshore Technology Conference,Houston,Texas,1974,2(OTC 2080):473–485.
[3]王惠初,武冬青,田平.黏土中横向静载桩P–Y曲线的一种新的统一法[J].河海大学学报,1991,19(1):9–17.(WANG Hui-chu,WU Dong-qing,TIAN Ping.A new unified method of P–Y curve for laterally loaded pile groups in plasticity soil[J].Journal of Hohai University,1991,19(1):9–17.(in Chinese))
[4]谢耀峰.大变位水平承载高桩性状的研究[J].土木工程学报,2000,33(4):74–79.(XIE Yao-feng.Large displacement of high piles under lateral load[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2000,33(4):74–79.(in Chinese))
[5]赵明华.桥梁桩基计算与监测[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1999.(ZHAO Ming-hua.Computation and monitoring of bridge pile foundations[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,1999.(in Chinese))
[6]朱斌,朱瑞燕,罗军,等.高桩水平大变位性状模型试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(4):521–530.(ZHU Bin,ZHU Rui-yan,LUO Jun,et al.Model tests on characteristics of ocean and offshore elevated piles with large lateral deflection[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(4):521–530.(in Chinese))
[7]赵振东,傅铁铭,土岐宪三.桩头侧向集中荷载作用下桩土系统的非线形动力性能分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,1997,17(3):100–109.(ZHAO Zhen-dong,FU Tie-ming,TOKI K.Dynamic behaviors of pile-soil systems under lateral impulsive head-loading[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1997,17(3):100–109.(in Chinese))
[8]MAMOON S M,BANERJEE P K.Time-domain analysis of dynamically loaded single piles[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,ASCE,1992,118(1):140–160.
[9]CHEUNG Y K,THAM L G,LEI Z X.Transient response of single piles under horizontal excitations[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structure Dynamic,1995,24:1017–1038.
[10]GHAZZALY O I,HWONG S T.Approximate analysis of a pile under dynamic lateral loading[J].Computers and Structure,1976,6:363–368.
[11]NOVAK M,NOGAMI T,ABOUL-ELLA F.Dynamic soil reactions for plane strain case[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,ASCE,1978,104(4):953–959.
[12]NOGAMI T,KONAGAI K.Time domain flexural response of dynamically loaded single pile[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,ASCE,1988,114(9):1512–1525.
[13]NAGGAR M H EI,BENTLEY K J.Dynamic analysis for laterally loaded piles and dynamic p–y curves[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2000,37:1166–1183.
[14]LEBLANC C,HOULSBY G T,BYRNE B W.Response of stiff piles in sand to long term cyclic loading[J].Géotechnique,2010,60(2):79–90.
[15]ZHU B,CHEN Y M,LEUNG A Y T.Analytical p-version finite elements and application in analyses of structural collision protection[J].Structural Engineering and Mechanics,2006,23(5):487–504.
[16]郭杰锋,朱斌,陈海君,等.高桩防撞墩动力大变形分析及基于能量控制的防撞设计新方法[J].海洋工程,2010,28(1):9–17.(GUO Jie-feng,ZHU Bin,CHEN Hai-jun,et al.Dynamic analysis of anti-collision pier on elevated piles with large lateral displacement and its new energy-control based design method[J].The Ocean Engineering,2010,28(1):9–17.(in Chinese))
[17]JIA G W,ZHAN T L T,CHEN Y M,et al.Performance of a large-scale slope model subjected to rising and lowering water levels[J].Engineering Geology,2009,106:92–103.
[18]CHEN R P,CHEN Y M,XU W,et al.Measurement of electrical conductivity of pore water in saturated sandy soils using time domain reflectometry(TDR)measurements[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2010,47(2):197–206.
[19]周燕国,陈云敏,黄博,等.利用弯曲元测量土体表层剪切波速的初步试验[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(12):1883–1887.(ZHOU Yan-guo,CHEN Yun-min,HUANG Bo,et al.Preliminary tests of measuring shear wave velocity on soil surface using bender elements[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2008,30(12):1883–1887.(in Chinese))
[20]浙江大学岩土工程研究所,浙江省电力设计院.柔性护墩桩式防撞系统性能、模型试验及设计理论研究报告[R].杭州,2010.(Institute of Geotechnical Engineering of Zhejiang University,Zhejiang Provincial Electric Power Design Institute[R].Hangzhou,2010.(in Chinese))
[21]KIM B T,KIM N K,LEE W J,et al.Experimental load-transfer curves of laterally loaded piles in Nak-Dong River sand[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2004,130(4):416–425.
[22]American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials(AASHTO).LRFD bridge design specifications[M].1st ed.Washington D.C.,1994.
[23]罗林阁,曹映泓,陈国虞,等.船舶撞击桥梁的撞击力计算方法探讨[J].中外公路,2006,26(5):78–81.(LUO Lin-ge,CAO Ying-hong,CHEN Guo-yu,et al.Study of force calculation method for bridge pier subjected to ship collision[J].Journal of China and Foreign Highway,2006,26(5):78–81.(in Chinese))
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