导流隧洞开挖施工的爆破振动监测与分析
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摘要
详细分析了导流隧洞地质条件,结合隧洞的布置特点和现场的施工情况,采用固定测点的方案,对隧洞开挖施工进行了现场监测。分析测试数据发现,质点振动速度具有明显的方向效应,质点朝临空面的振动速度明显大于其他方向。测点和爆点不在同一高程时,当两点的高差与爆心距的比值较大时,"高差效应"引起的质点在不同方向的峰值振动速度差别十分明显,当两点的高差与爆心距的比值较小时,"高差效应"明显减弱。对于高差与爆破振动传播和衰减规律之间的关系,以往的研究提出了一些修正公式,但这些公式均把高差作为一个独立的变量进行考虑,物理意义不甚明确。根据前面的数据分析,考虑高差影响的实际意义并结合无量纲分析,取高差与爆心距的比值作为"高差效应"影响因子,对传统爆破振动波衰减经验公式进行了修正,经过对比分析,修正后的爆破振动波衰减规律公式具有更高的精度。同时,对实际监测中出现的振动速度超过安全控制速度的情况进行了分析,及时调整爆破参数,从而有效地控制了爆破振动破坏效应。其研究成果对指导隧道工程开挖爆破施工和保证坝体及大坝帷幕安全起到了重要作用,保证了该工程爆破施工的顺利完成。
Analyzing the geological condition of the diversion tunnel,and according to the layout features of the tunnel and field construction situation,the scheme of fixed measuring points was adopted to monitor the tunnel excavation By analyzing the test data,we found that the particles vibration velocities have obvious directional effect;and the vibration velocities of the particles those faces towards free face are much greater than those of the particles in other direction.If measuring points and explosion points are not in the same elevation,and when the ratio between elevation difference and blast center distance is relatively large,the difference of the peak vibration velocities in different directions caused by elevation effect is obvious;and when the ratio is relatively small,the elevation effect weakens obviously.For the relation between elevation difference and the blasting vibration attenuation,previous studies put forward some amended formulas;however,these formulas took the elevation difference as an independent variable to consider,and the physical meaning was not clear.According to the previous data analysis,considering the practical meaning of elevation effect and combining dimensionless analysis,we take the ratio between elevation difference and blast center distance as the impact factor of elevation effect,and modify the traditional empirical formulas of blasting vibration attenuation.Through contrasting and analyzing,the modified empirical formula is relatively precise.In the meantime,the condition that vibration velocities exceeded the standard is analyzed and blasting parameters are adjusted in time,which control the damage effect of blasting vibration effectively.This research plays an important role in guiding the excavation blasting construction in tunnel projects and assuring the safety of dam body and dam curtain,which ensures the successful completion of blasting construction.
Analyzing the geological condition of the diversion tunnel,and according to the layout features of the tunnel and field construction situation,the scheme of fixed measuring points was adopted to monitor the tunnel excavation By analyzing the test data,we found that the particles vibration velocities have obvious directional effect;and the vibration velocities of the particles those faces towards free face are much greater than those of the particles in other direction.If measuring points and explosion points are not in the same elevation,and when the ratio between elevation difference and blast center distance is relatively large,the difference of the peak vibration velocities in different directions caused by elevation effect is obvious;and when the ratio is relatively small,the elevation effect weakens obviously.For the relation between elevation difference and the blasting vibration attenuation,previous studies put forward some amended formulas;however,these formulas took the elevation difference as an independent variable to consider,and the physical meaning was not clear.According to the previous data analysis,considering the practical meaning of elevation effect and combining dimensionless analysis,we take the ratio between elevation difference and blast center distance as the impact factor of elevation effect,and modify the traditional empirical formulas of blasting vibration attenuation.Through contrasting and analyzing,the modified empirical formula is relatively precise.In the meantime,the condition that vibration velocities exceeded the standard is analyzed and blasting parameters are adjusted in time,which control the damage effect of blasting vibration effectively.This research plays an important role in guiding the excavation blasting construction in tunnel projects and assuring the safety of dam body and dam curtain,which ensures the successful completion of blasting construction.
引文
[1]刘凤成,胡五星,崔学臣.西龙池电站岩壁吊车梁爆破振动测试成果分析[J].长江科学院院报,2008,25(5):171-174.LIU Feng-cheng,HU Wu-xing,CUI Xue-chen.Analysis on test results of blasting vibration of anchored crane beam in xilongchi power station[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute,2008,25(5):171-174.
[2]夏红兵,汪海波,纵琦.爆破震动效应控制技术综合分析[J].工程爆破,2007,13(2):83-86.XIA Hong-bing,WANG Hai-bo,ZONG Qi.Comprehensive analysis of controlling technology of blasting vibration effect[J].Engineering Blasting,2007,13(2):83-86.
[3]钟祖良,刘新荣,梁宁慧.质点振动速度与主振频率在爆破监测中的应用[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2006,28(4):38-40.ZHONG Zu-liang,LIU Xin-rong,LIANG Ning-hui.Discussion on application of the peak particle velocity and main vibration frequency in blast vibration monitoring[J].Journal of Chongqing Jianzhu University,2006,28(4):38-40.
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[8]张庆松,李利平,李术才.小间距隧道爆破动力特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(10):2655-2660.ZHANG Qing-song,LI Li-ping,LI Shu-cai.Experimental study of blasting dynamic vibration of closely adjacent tunnels[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(10):2655-2660.
[9]陈庆,王宏图,胡国忠.隧道开挖施工的爆破振动监测与控制技术[J].岩土力学,2005,26(6):964-967.CHEN Qing,WANG Hong-tu,HU Guo-zhong,et al.Monitoring and controlling technology for blasting vibration induced by tunnel excavation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(6):964-967.
[10]杨文东,范高军.龙滩水电站左岸导流洞爆破振动测试与控制研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(4):168-172.YANG Wen-dong,FAN Gao-jun.Study on test and control of blasting vibration of left spillway tunnel at Longtan Hydropower Station[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2008,28(4):168-172.
[11]谢全敏,夏元友,李新平.龙滩水电站蠕变体边坡的爆破振动控制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1929-1930.XIE Quan-min,XIA Yuan-you,LI Xin-ping.Study on blasting vibration control of creep mass slope of Longtan hydropower station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1929-1930.
[12]李利平,李术才,张庆松.浅埋大跨隧道施工爆破监测与减震技术[J].岩土力学,2008,29(10):2292-2296.LI Li-ping,LI Shu-cai,ZHANG Qing-song.Experimental study of blasting dynamic vibration of closely adjacent tunnels[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(10):2292-2296.
[2]夏红兵,汪海波,纵琦.爆破震动效应控制技术综合分析[J].工程爆破,2007,13(2):83-86.XIA Hong-bing,WANG Hai-bo,ZONG Qi.Comprehensive analysis of controlling technology of blasting vibration effect[J].Engineering Blasting,2007,13(2):83-86.
[3]钟祖良,刘新荣,梁宁慧.质点振动速度与主振频率在爆破监测中的应用[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2006,28(4):38-40.ZHONG Zu-liang,LIU Xin-rong,LIANG Ning-hui.Discussion on application of the peak particle velocity and main vibration frequency in blast vibration monitoring[J].Journal of Chongqing Jianzhu University,2006,28(4):38-40.
[4]许红涛,卢文波.几种爆破震动安全判据[J].爆破,2002,19(3):8-10.XU Hong-tao,LU Wen-bo.Advance on safety criteria for blasting vibration[J].Blasting,2002,19(3):8-10.
[5]中国工程爆破协会,武汉安全环保研究总院,北京矿冶研究总院.GB6722-2003爆破安全规程[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004:40-43.
[6]李保珍,王迪安.高程差与爆破振动强度及衰减规律之间关系的探讨[C]//全国工程爆破学术会议论文集(第6辑).深圳:海天出版社,1997:778-783.
[7]陈寿如,宋光明,周凤南,等.两种质点振速预测公式的比较与选择[C]//全国工程爆破学术会议论文集(第7辑).乌鲁木齐:新疆青少年出版社,2001:702-706.
[8]张庆松,李利平,李术才.小间距隧道爆破动力特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(10):2655-2660.ZHANG Qing-song,LI Li-ping,LI Shu-cai.Experimental study of blasting dynamic vibration of closely adjacent tunnels[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(10):2655-2660.
[9]陈庆,王宏图,胡国忠.隧道开挖施工的爆破振动监测与控制技术[J].岩土力学,2005,26(6):964-967.CHEN Qing,WANG Hong-tu,HU Guo-zhong,et al.Monitoring and controlling technology for blasting vibration induced by tunnel excavation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(6):964-967.
[10]杨文东,范高军.龙滩水电站左岸导流洞爆破振动测试与控制研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(4):168-172.YANG Wen-dong,FAN Gao-jun.Study on test and control of blasting vibration of left spillway tunnel at Longtan Hydropower Station[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2008,28(4):168-172.
[11]谢全敏,夏元友,李新平.龙滩水电站蠕变体边坡的爆破振动控制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(11):1929-1930.XIE Quan-min,XIA Yuan-you,LI Xin-ping.Study on blasting vibration control of creep mass slope of Longtan hydropower station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(11):1929-1930.
[12]李利平,李术才,张庆松.浅埋大跨隧道施工爆破监测与减震技术[J].岩土力学,2008,29(10):2292-2296.LI Li-ping,LI Shu-cai,ZHANG Qing-song.Experimental study of blasting dynamic vibration of closely adjacent tunnels[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(10):2292-2296.
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