拱结构模态测试中传感器优化配置
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摘要
将有效独立法(EFI)和有效独立-驱动点残值法(EFI-DPR)应用到拱结构的模态分析传感器优化布置中,通过与传统的均分法(ED)进行数值和试验比较,找出传感器优化布置的有效方法和合理方案。首先利用Ansys有限元软件进行拱结构模态分析的数值模拟,分别用3种方法对其进行传感器优化布置;然后分别用均方差最小准则和模态保证准则对其优化结果进行验证和比较,找出最适合的优化方法;最后结合拱结构模态试验,提出了传感器优化布置方案。结果表明,在拱结构模态试验中,ED法具有一定的合理性,但其随机性较大。EFI法克服了这一缺点,且随着传感器数目的改变,其均方差呈规律性变化,为确定传感器优化数目提供了依据,其优化效果优于其他两种方法。
The effective independence method(EFI) and effective independence driving-point residue(EFI-DPR) were adopted to determine an optimal placement of sensors for modal test of an arch structure.By comparing with the conventional equal divided method(ED) through numerical and experimental analysis,the method and the scheme for optimal sensor placement were determined.Firstly,the modal analysis of the arch structure was carried out by using ANSYS,and three different optimal sensor placement methods were investigated.Then,the minimum of mean square error criteria and the modal assurance criterion were used to assess the applicability of the chosen methods.Finally,the optimal placement scheme of sensors was presented according to a real arch modal experiment.It is found that the ED method has certain rationality in the arch modal experiment,but its randomness is bigger.The EFI method overcome that shortcoming and the mean square error changes regularly with change of the sensor number,which provides a basis for determining the number of the optimal sensors.
The effective independence method(EFI) and effective independence driving-point residue(EFI-DPR) were adopted to determine an optimal placement of sensors for modal test of an arch structure.By comparing with the conventional equal divided method(ED) through numerical and experimental analysis,the method and the scheme for optimal sensor placement were determined.Firstly,the modal analysis of the arch structure was carried out by using ANSYS,and three different optimal sensor placement methods were investigated.Then,the minimum of mean square error criteria and the modal assurance criterion were used to assess the applicability of the chosen methods.Finally,the optimal placement scheme of sensors was presented according to a real arch modal experiment.It is found that the ED method has certain rationality in the arch modal experiment,but its randomness is bigger.The EFI method overcome that shortcoming and the mean square error changes regularly with change of the sensor number,which provides a basis for determining the number of the optimal sensors.
引文
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[2]Imamovic N,Moore D.Model validation of large finiteelement model using test data[D].London:ImperialCollege,1998.
[3]Heo Wang M L,Satpathi D.Optimal transducerplacement for health monitoring of long span bridge[J].Soil dynamics and Earthquake Engineering.1997,16:495-502.
[4]Clerck J P,Avitabale P.Development of several newtools fo modal pretest evaluation[C]∥Proceedings of14th IMAC Conference.Dearborn:Center StanfordUniversity,1996:1527-1532.
[5]Meo M,Zumpano G.On the optimal sensor place-ment techniques for a bridge structure[J].Engineer-ing Structures,2005,27:1448-1497.
[6]石秀华,孟祥众,杜向党.基于多岛遗传算法的振动控制传感器优化配置[J].振动、测试与诊断,2008,28(1):62-65.
[7]袁爱民,戴航,孙大松.基于EI及MAC混合算法的斜拉桥传感器优化布置[J].振动、测试与诊断,2009,29(1):55-59.
[8]刘晖,翟伟廉,袁润章.基于灵敏度分析的结构损伤识别中的传感器优化布置[J].地震工程与工程振动,2003,23(6):85-90.
[9]王志华,张向东,马宏伟.基于应变曲率法的悬臂梁多位置损伤识别实验研究[C]∥第十二届全国结构工程学术会议.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[10]赵俊,程良彦,马宏伟.基于曲率模态的拱板结构损伤识别[J].暨南大学学报,2008,29(5):400-477.
[11]何浩祥,闫维明,张爱林.面向结构健康监测的传感器数量及位置优化研究[J].振动与冲击,2008,27(9):131-134
[12]崔鹏.基于应变模态的圆拱结构损伤检测实验研究[D].广州:暨南大学,2009.
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