考虑风剪切的1.3MW风力机整机三维定常流动数值研究
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摘要
分别采用均匀风和剪切风对1.3 MW失速调节风力机整机在8 m/s和13 m/s来流风速下的绕流流场进行全三维定常数值模拟。根据模拟结果分析叶片不同截面的压力系数分布、沿叶展方向的功率分布、风轮三维流场细节、风轮下游不同距离处的静压分布和二维相对速度矢量分布情况。结果表明:剪切风下,风力机功率计算值与设计值吻合较好;在靠近叶根处,适当地减小有效攻角可提高翼型气动性能,选择适应较大攻角的翼型,可以提高叶根处的输出功率;在靠近叶尖的部位,适当增加有效攻角,同时选择适应小攻角的翼型可以提高叶尖处的输出功率;在叶根部位,发生了明显的流动分离;塔架与轮毂所在位置的下游尾迹处产生的漩涡和干扰要远远大于叶轮面其他部位。
A numerical simulation on 3D steady flow around a 1.3 MW stall-regulated wind turbine was carried out at wind speeds of 8 m/s and 13 m/s respectively under uniform and shear wind conditions,based on which following factors were analyzed,such as the pressure coefficient distribution at different sections,the loading distribution along the span of rotor blade,the 3D flow detail of wind rotor,the static pressure distribution and the 2D velocity vector distribution at different sections in the z-direction.Results show that the simulated data of turbine power agree well with that of the design under shear wind conditions;the power output at blade root can be increased by properly reducing the effective attack angle to improve the aerodynamic performance or by choosing an airfoil with a large attack angle for the root area;whereas at the blade tip,the power output can be increased by raising the effective attack angle properly or by choosing an airfoil with a smaller attack angle;obvious flow separation occurs at blade root;the wake vortex and its disturbance in the downstream of tower and hub are much larger than those in other areas of impeller.
A numerical simulation on 3D steady flow around a 1.3 MW stall-regulated wind turbine was carried out at wind speeds of 8 m/s and 13 m/s respectively under uniform and shear wind conditions,based on which following factors were analyzed,such as the pressure coefficient distribution at different sections,the loading distribution along the span of rotor blade,the 3D flow detail of wind rotor,the static pressure distribution and the 2D velocity vector distribution at different sections in the z-direction.Results show that the simulated data of turbine power agree well with that of the design under shear wind conditions;the power output at blade root can be increased by properly reducing the effective attack angle to improve the aerodynamic performance or by choosing an airfoil with a large attack angle for the root area;whereas at the blade tip,the power output can be increased by raising the effective attack angle properly or by choosing an airfoil with a smaller attack angle;obvious flow separation occurs at blade root;the wake vortex and its disturbance in the downstream of tower and hub are much larger than those in other areas of impeller.
引文
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[13]张希黔,葛勇,严春风,等.脉动风场模拟技术的研究与进展[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(6):206-212.ZHANG Xiqian,GE Yong,YAN Chunfeng,et al.Advances in research of simulation technology of fluc-tuation wind loading[J].Journal of Earthquake Engi-neering and Engineering Vibration,2008,28(6):206-211.
[14]Det Norske Veritas and RisNational Laboratory.Guidelines for design of wind turbines[M].Copen-hagen:Det Norske Veritas and RisNational Labora-tory,2002.
[15]SPERA D A.Wind turbine technology[M].NewYork:ASME Press,1994.
[16]刘雄,陈严,叶枝全.水平轴风力机气动性能计算模型[J].太阳能学报,2005,26(6):792-800.LIU Xiong,CHEN Yan,YE Zhiquan.Research onthe aerodynamic performance prediction model forhorizontal axis wind turbine[J].Acta Energiae SolarisSinica,2005,26(6):792-800.
2.5 MW wind turbine[J].Journal of EngineeringThermophysics,2010,31(2):287-291.
[2]胡丹梅,田杰,杜朝辉.水平轴风力机尾迹的测量与分析[J].动力工程,2006,26(5):751-760.HU Danmei,TIAN Jie,DU Zhaohui.Measurementand analysis of wake behind horizontally orientated airturbines[J].Journal of Power Engineering,2006,26(5):751-760.
[3]张玉良,李仁年,巫发明.下风向风力机的塔影效应研究[J].山东建筑大学学报,2008,23(3):243-246.ZHANG Yuliang,LI Rennian,WU Faming.The re-search of tower shade effect of down wind turbine[J].Journal of Shangdong Jianzhu University,2008,23(3):243-246.
[4]SEZER-UZOL N,LYLE N L.3-D Time-accurateCFD simulations of wind turbine rotor flow fields[C]//4th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Exhibit(2006-394).Long Beach,USA:AIAA,2006:5-14.
[5]贺德馨.风工程与工业空气动力学[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2006.
[6]李宇红,张庆麟.风力机叶片三维流动特性与气动性能的数值分析[J].太阳能学报,2008,29(9):1172-1176.LI Yuhong,ZHANG Qingli.Numerical simulation offlow field and aerodynamic performance of a wind tur-bine blade[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2008,29(9):1172-1176.
[7]刘思永,方祥军,王屏.可变桨距水平轴风力涡轮混合型流场算法与性能研究[J].太阳能学报,2003,24(3):365-370.LIU Siyong,FANG Xiangjun,WANG Ping.Themixed flow field algorithm and performance investiga-tion of adjustable-pitch horizontal axis wind turbine[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2003,24(3):365-370.
[8]陈小波,陈健云,李静.海上风力发电塔脉动风速时程数值模拟[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(32):111-116.CHEN Xiaobo,CHEN Jianyun,LI Jing.Numericalsimulation of fluctuating wind velocity time series ofoffshore wind turbine[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2008,28(32):111-116.
[9]曹人靖,胡骏.水平轴风力机风轮尾迹与圆柱型塔架的相互干涉[J].太阳能学报,2006,27(4):326-330.CAO Renjing,HU Jun.Flow interaction betweenHAWT rotor wake and downstream circular tower[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2006,27(4):326-330.
[10]魏慧荣.风电场微观选址的数值模拟[D].北京:华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院,2007.
[11]孔屹刚,顾浩,王杰,等.基于风剪切和塔影效应的大型风力机载荷分析与功率控制[J].东南大学学报:自然科学版,2010,40(s1):228-233.KONG Yigang,GU Hao,WANG Jie,et al.Load a-nalysis and power control of large wind turbine basedon wind shear and tower shadow[J].Journal ofSoutheast University:Natural Science Edition,2010,40(s1):228-233.
[12]张仲柱,王会社,赵晓路,等.水平轴风力机叶片气动性能研究[J].工程热物理学报,2007,28(5):781-783.ZHANG Zhongzhu,WANG Huishe,ZHAO Xiaolu,et al.Research on the aerodynamic performance ofblades for horizontal axis wind turbine[J].Journal ofEngineering Thermophysics,2007,28(5):781-783.
[13]张希黔,葛勇,严春风,等.脉动风场模拟技术的研究与进展[J].地震工程与工程振动,2008,28(6):206-212.ZHANG Xiqian,GE Yong,YAN Chunfeng,et al.Advances in research of simulation technology of fluc-tuation wind loading[J].Journal of Earthquake Engi-neering and Engineering Vibration,2008,28(6):206-211.
[14]Det Norske Veritas and RisNational Laboratory.Guidelines for design of wind turbines[M].Copen-hagen:Det Norske Veritas and RisNational Labora-tory,2002.
[15]SPERA D A.Wind turbine technology[M].NewYork:ASME Press,1994.
[16]刘雄,陈严,叶枝全.水平轴风力机气动性能计算模型[J].太阳能学报,2005,26(6):792-800.LIU Xiong,CHEN Yan,YE Zhiquan.Research onthe aerodynamic performance prediction model forhorizontal axis wind turbine[J].Acta Energiae SolarisSinica,2005,26(6):792-800.
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