煤层开采覆岩破坏发育规律动态测试分析
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摘要
针对工作面覆岩破坏高度观测的需要,改进单孔测试方法,利用顶板岩层钻孔和巷道形成探测区域,采用孔巷电阻率法进行电性参数采集与处理,在工作面回采推进过程中进行动态测试,根据顶板岩层视电阻率值的变化分析其内部结构变化特征,获得覆岩变形与破坏的发育规律,以及"垮落带、导水断裂带"发育高度值。在淮北某煤矿工作面顶板孔巷电性参数测试结果表明,该工作面开采条件下其垮落带高度为8.1～8.5 m,导水断裂带高度为29.0～32.5 m。根据岩层不同时间电阻率值分布的有效对比,可清晰分辨煤层顶板岩层变形与破坏的过程和规律,且多断面测试结果表明其实测结果的可靠性。
According to the need of height observation for the overburden distortion and failure,the bore and laneway DC resistivity method being improved form the single bore method was used.The detecting field was formed through union observing system with bores drilled in the top rock of the coal seam and the laneway,and the 64 poles were fixed in different location of bores and laneway.The characters of the electric field in the top rock during different days can be surveyed dynamically according to the mining process.Through inversion,the rock's resistivity of detecting area can be gained.The changing characteristic of overburden distortion and failure from overtaking stress of mining to stable failure of anaphase can be analyzed and the height value of caving zone and water flowing fractured zone can be gotten.The measured results of electrical parameters in workface of Huaibei mine show that the height of caving zone is 8.1～8.5 m in the condition of existing mining,and the height of water flowing fractured zone is 29.0～32.5 m.According to comparison of the rock resistivity distribution,the process and regulation of distortion and collapsing of the top rock can be resolved clearly.The detection results are proved reliable and practical through other section and method.
According to the need of height observation for the overburden distortion and failure,the bore and laneway DC resistivity method being improved form the single bore method was used.The detecting field was formed through union observing system with bores drilled in the top rock of the coal seam and the laneway,and the 64 poles were fixed in different location of bores and laneway.The characters of the electric field in the top rock during different days can be surveyed dynamically according to the mining process.Through inversion,the rock's resistivity of detecting area can be gained.The changing characteristic of overburden distortion and failure from overtaking stress of mining to stable failure of anaphase can be analyzed and the height value of caving zone and water flowing fractured zone can be gotten.The measured results of electrical parameters in workface of Huaibei mine show that the height of caving zone is 8.1～8.5 m in the condition of existing mining,and the height of water flowing fractured zone is 29.0～32.5 m.According to comparison of the rock resistivity distribution,the process and regulation of distortion and collapsing of the top rock can be resolved clearly.The detection results are proved reliable and practical through other section and method.
引文
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[18]缪协兴,陈荣华,浦海.采场覆岩厚关键层破断与冒落规律分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(8):1 289-1 295.Miao Xiexing,Chen Ronghua,Pu Hai.Analysis of breakage andcollapse of thick key strata around coal face[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(8):1 289-1 295.
[19]Zhai Xinxian,Qian Minggao,Jing Guoxun,et al.Convergent mecha-nism of roadway driven along with strong roof of special thick stra-tum and its controlled measures[J].Journal of Coal Science andEngineering(China),2004,10(1):1-4.
[2]刘盛东,吴荣新,张平松.高密度电阻率法观测煤层上覆岩层破坏[J].煤炭科学技术,2001,29(4):18-22.Liu Shengdong,Wu Rongxin,Zhang Pingsong.Observation with highdensity resistivity method for damage of overburden rock[J].CoalScience and Technology,2001,29(4):18-22.
[3]张平松,刘盛东,吴荣新.地震波CT技术探测煤层上覆岩层破坏规律[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(15):2 510-2 513.Zhang Pingsong,Liu Shengdong,Wu Rongxing.Observation of over-burden failure of coal seam by CT of seismic wave[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(15):2 510-2 513.
[4]张平松,刘盛东,吴荣新.采煤面覆岩变形与破坏立体电法动态测试[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(9):1 870-1 875.Zhang Pingsong,Liu Shengdong,Wu Rongxin.Dynamic detection ofoverburden deformation and failure in mining workface by 3D resis-tivity method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineer-ing,2009,28(9):1 870-1 875.
[5]吴荣新,张平松,刘盛东,等.矿井工作面无线电波透视“一发双收”探测与应用[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(S):170-174.Wu Rongxin,Zhang Pingsong,Liu Shengdong,et al.Radio wave pen-etration by the device of one-transmitter and two-receivers for coalface and its application[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(S):170-174.
[6]Zhang Pingsong,Wu Jiansheng,Liu Shengdong.Testing with highdensity resistivity method in prevention and cure for mine water dis-aster and its applied effect[J].Journal of Coal Science and Engi-neering(China),2007,13(2):165-169.
[7]吴小平,汪彤彤.电阻率三维反演方法研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(2):156-162.Wu Xiaoping,Wang Tongtong.Progress of three-dimensional methodand study of resistivity inversion[J].Progress in Geophysics,2002,17(2):156-162.
[8]Zhou Bing,Greenhalgh S A.A synthetic study on cross hole resistivi-ty imaging using different electrode arrays[J].Exploration Geophys-ics,1997,28:1-5.
[9]Paolo Mauriello,Domenico Patella.Resistivity anomaly imaging byprobability tomography[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1999,47:411-429.
[10]Shima H.Two-dimensional automatic resistivity inversion techniqueusing alpha centers[J].Geophysics,1990,55(6):628-694.
[11]Loke M H,Barker R D.Practical techniques for 3D resistivity sur-veys and data inversion[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1996,44:499-523.
[12]Sasaki Y.3-D resistivity inversion using the finite-element method[J].Geophysics,1994,59(11):1 839-1 848.
[13]程久龙,于师建.覆岩变形破坏电阻率响应特征的模拟实验研究[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(5):699-706.Cheng Jiulong,Yu Shijian.Simulation experiment on the responseof resistivity to deformation and failure of overburden[J].ChineseJournal of Geophysics,2000,43(5):699-706.
[14]于师建,程久龙,王玉和.覆岩破坏视电阻率变化特征研究[J].煤炭学报,1999,24(5):457-460.Yu Shijian,Cheng Jiulong,Wang Yuhe.The study on apparent re-sistivity change feature of overlying strata[J].Journal of China CoalSociety,1999,24(5):457-460.
[15]尹增德.采动覆岩破坏特征及其应用研究[D].青岛:山东科技大学,2007.Yin Zengde.The failure characteristics of overburden strata inducedby mining and their applications[D].Qingdao:Shandong Universi-ty of Science and Technology,2007.
[16]贾光胜,毛德兵.综放开采顶煤体离层与破坏规律研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2002(2):6-8.Jia Guangsheng,Mao Debing.Study on the separation and the bro-ken law of top-coal in longwall top-coal caving mining[J].GroundPressure and Strata Control,2002(2):6-8.
[17]王金安,纪洪广,张燕.不整合地层下开采覆岩移动变异性研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,38(8):1 235-1 241.Wang Jin'an,Ji Hongguang,Zhang Yan.Heteromorphy of the over-lying strata movement caused by mining under the unconformitystrata[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,38(8):1 235-1 241.
[18]缪协兴,陈荣华,浦海.采场覆岩厚关键层破断与冒落规律分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(8):1 289-1 295.Miao Xiexing,Chen Ronghua,Pu Hai.Analysis of breakage andcollapse of thick key strata around coal face[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(8):1 289-1 295.
[19]Zhai Xinxian,Qian Minggao,Jing Guoxun,et al.Convergent mecha-nism of roadway driven along with strong roof of special thick stra-tum and its controlled measures[J].Journal of Coal Science andEngineering(China),2004,10(1):1-4.
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