采掘中突水溃砂机理研究现状及展望
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摘要
从理论研究、室内试验等方面总结了煤矿突水溃砂机理的研究现状,指出上覆松散含水层的水头压力与溃砂通道宽度是建立描述突水溃砂机理的关键。通过对目前生产实践中采取的防治措施及安全评价方法的研究,认为应在综合评价影响采掘溃砂因素的基础上建立预测预警模型。并针对采掘溃砂过程中一些尚未解决的科学问题,诸如溃砂定量预测与计算、试验的可视化、采掘风险评价等。提出了"以颗粒物质的流动行为来深入认识溃砂产生的机理"这一观点,并引入了透明土试验技术,在深层次上揭示采掘溃砂过程机制、水砂混合物在岩体裂缝和破碎岩体中的运移规律的基础上,建立煤矿采掘溃砂安全评判模型,为松散含水层下安全开采提供技术支撑。
From the theoretical study and the indoor experiments,the paper summarized the study status of the water inrush and sand inrush mechanism in coal mines and pointed out that the water head pressure of the unconsolidated aquifer in the above overburden strata and the width of the sand inrush channel would be the key to set up and represent the mechanics of the water inrush and sand inrush.With the study on the prevention and control measures and the safety evaluation method applied to the present production practices,the paper held that the prediction and early warning model should be established based on the comprehensive evaluation on factors influenced to the sand inrush from the mine excavation and mining.According to the some unsolved scientific problems in the sand inrush process from the excavation and mining,including the quantitative prediction and calculation of the sand inrush,the visualization of the experiment,the excavation and mining risk evaluation and others,the paper provided a view that " the flow behavior of the particle material was applied to deeply understand the mechanics of the sand inrush occurred".Base on the transparent soil experiment technology applied to reveal the mechanism of the sand inrush process from the excavation and mining and the migration law of the water and sand mixture in the rock cracks and the broken rocks,a sand inrush safety judgment model of the excavation and mining in coal mine was established to provide the technology support to the safety mining under the unconsolidated aquifer.
From the theoretical study and the indoor experiments,the paper summarized the study status of the water inrush and sand inrush mechanism in coal mines and pointed out that the water head pressure of the unconsolidated aquifer in the above overburden strata and the width of the sand inrush channel would be the key to set up and represent the mechanics of the water inrush and sand inrush.With the study on the prevention and control measures and the safety evaluation method applied to the present production practices,the paper held that the prediction and early warning model should be established based on the comprehensive evaluation on factors influenced to the sand inrush from the mine excavation and mining.According to the some unsolved scientific problems in the sand inrush process from the excavation and mining,including the quantitative prediction and calculation of the sand inrush,the visualization of the experiment,the excavation and mining risk evaluation and others,the paper provided a view that " the flow behavior of the particle material was applied to deeply understand the mechanics of the sand inrush occurred".Base on the transparent soil experiment technology applied to reveal the mechanism of the sand inrush process from the excavation and mining and the migration law of the water and sand mixture in the rock cracks and the broken rocks,a sand inrush safety judgment model of the excavation and mining in coal mine was established to provide the technology support to the safety mining under the unconsolidated aquifer.
引文
[1]隋旺华,董青红,蔡光桃,等.采掘溃砂机理与预防[M].北京:地质工程出版社,2008.
[2]煤炭科学研究院北京开采研究所.煤矿地表移动与覆岩破坏规律及其应用[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1981.
[3]杨伟峰,隋旺华.薄基岩条带开采工程地质力学模型试验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):170-173.
[4]涂敏,桂和荣,李明好,等.厚松散层及超薄覆岩厚煤层防水煤柱开采试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(20):3494-3497.
[5]方新秋,黄汉富,金桃,等.厚表土薄基岩煤层开采覆岩运动规律[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(S1):2700-2706.
[6]SUI Wang-hua,LIANG Yan-kun,WANG Wen-xue,et al.Mechanism and Risk Assessment of Sand flow Hazards Due toCoalmining Adjacent to Unconsolidated Aquifers[C]//Envi-ronmental Geosciences and Engineering Survey for Territory Pro-tection and Pop-ulation Safety,International Conference Underthe AEGIS of IAEG,Moscow,Russia,2011:581-585.
[7]宣以琼.薄基岩浅埋煤层覆岩破坏移动演化规律[J].岩土力学,2008,29(2):512-516.
[8]梁燕,谭周地.弱胶结砂层突水、涌砂模拟试验研究[J].西安公路交通大学学报,1996,16(1):19-22.
[9]张敏江,张丽萍,姜秀萍,等.弱胶结砂层突涌机理及预测研究[J].金属矿山,2002(10):48-50.
[10]汤爱平,董莹,谭周地,等.振动作用下矿井突水涌砂机理的研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,1999,19(2):132-135.
[11]张杰,侯忠杰,马砺.浅埋煤层老顶岩块回转过程中溃沙分析[J].西安科技大学学报,2006,26(2):158-160.
[12]隋旺华,董青红.近松散层开采孔隙水压力变化及其对水砂突涌的前兆意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1908-1916.
[13]隋旺华,蔡光桃,董青红.近松散层采煤覆岩采动裂缝水砂突涌临界水力坡度试验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(10):2084-2091.
[14]杨伟峰.薄基岩采动破断及其诱发水砂混合流运移特征[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2009.
[15]许延春.含黏砂土流动性试验[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(5):496-499.
[16]张玉军,康永华,刘秀娥.松散砂岩含水层下煤矿开采溃砂预测[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(4):429-432.
[17]王世东,沈显华,牟平.韩家湾煤矿浅埋煤层富水区下溃砂突水性预测[J].煤炭科学技术,2009,37(1):92-95.
[18]蔡光桃,武伟.采煤冒裂带上覆松散层渗透变形机理与试验研究[J].煤炭安全,2008,39(10):11-14.
[19]伍永平,卢明师.浅埋采场溃砂发生条件分析[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2004,20(3):57-58.
[20]董青红.近松散层开采水砂突涌机制及判别研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2005.
[21]范立民.神府矿区矿井溃砂灾害防治技术研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1996,7(4):35-38.
[22]魏秉亮.神府矿区突水溃沙地质灾害研究[J].中国煤田地质,1996,8(2):28-30.
[23]马乡林,万峰.松散砂岩含水层下控制综放开采试验[J].煤矿开采,2009,14(3):38-41.
[24]赵庆彪,马念杰,刘斯筠.注浆治理冲积层放顶煤综采工作面冒顶溃砂[J].煤矿安全,2002,33(10):33-35.
[25]宋三胜.芦岭煤矿810采区充水溃砂机理与治理初探[J].矿业科学技术,2000,28(1):5-6.
[26]刘宏源,毛善君,王振荣,等.基于GIS的矿井溃水溃沙预警方法[J].煤炭科学技术,2010,38(4):86-89.
[27]王梅,张建民,肖海红,等.超大规模煤田开采中突水溃沙灾害预测分析方法研究[C]//全国国土资源与环境遥感技术应用交流会论文文集.武汉,2004.
[28]刘楠,柴光云,肖永福.榆神府矿区溃水溃沙事故安全评价[J].陕西煤炭,2010(4):10-12.
[29]黄德财,孙刚,厚美瑛,等.颗粒速度在颗粒流稀疏流-密集流转变中的作用[J].物理学报,2006,55(9):4754-4759.
[30]ZHANG Xun-sheng,BAO De-song,XU Guang-lei,et al.Factors of the Transition from Dilute to Dense Flow in Two Di-mensional Channel[J].International Journal of Moden Phys-ics B,2003,17:4382-4386.
[31]徐光磊,胡国琦,张训生,等.通道宽度和初始流量对颗粒稀疏流到密集流转变临界开口的影响[J].物理学报,2003,52(4):875-878.
[32]Kim S R.A Simulational Study of Granular Boundary Flows inTwo Dimension[J].Computational Material Science,1995,4:125-132.
[33]Tasi J C,Losert W,Voth G A,et al.Two Dimensional Granu-lar Poiseuille Flow on an Incline:Multiple Dynamical Regimes[J].Phys Rev E,2001,65:11306-11319.
[34]Pouliquen O,Delour J,Savage S B.Fingering in GranularFlows[J].Nature,1997,386(24):816-817.
[35]Beverloo W A,Leniger H A,Velde J van de.The Flow ofGranular Solids Through Orifices[J].Chemical EngineeringScience,1962(15):260-269.
[36]张刚,周健,姚志雄.堤坝管涌的室内试验与颗粒流细观模拟研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2007(6):83-86.
[37]周健,池永.土的工程力学性质的颗粒流模拟[J].固体力学学报,2004,25(4):377-382.
[38]胡明鉴,汪稔,陈中学,等.泥石流启动过程PFC数值模拟[J].岩土力学,2010,31(S):394-434.
[39]朱焕春.PFC及其在矿山崩落开采研究中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,31(9):1927-1931.
[40]Iskander M,Liu J,Sadek S.Transparent Amorphous Silica toModel Clay[J].ASCE J of Geot&Geoenv Eng,2002,128(3):262-273.
[41]Iskander M,Sadek S,Liu J.Transparent Silica Gel to ModelSand[J].Int J of Physical Model,in Geomechanics,2002(4):13-26.
[42]LIU Jin-yuan.Visualization of 3-D Deformations UsingTransparent“Soil”Models[D].New York:Polytechnic Uni-versity,USA,2003.
[43]隋旺华,高岳,LIU Jin-yuan.透明土实验技术现状与展望[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(4):577-582.
[44]LIU Jin-yuan,Iskander M.Adaptive Cross Correlation for Im-aging Displacements in Soils[J].Journal of Computing in CivilEngineering,2004,18(1):46-57.
[2]煤炭科学研究院北京开采研究所.煤矿地表移动与覆岩破坏规律及其应用[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1981.
[3]杨伟峰,隋旺华.薄基岩条带开采工程地质力学模型试验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):170-173.
[4]涂敏,桂和荣,李明好,等.厚松散层及超薄覆岩厚煤层防水煤柱开采试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(20):3494-3497.
[5]方新秋,黄汉富,金桃,等.厚表土薄基岩煤层开采覆岩运动规律[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(S1):2700-2706.
[6]SUI Wang-hua,LIANG Yan-kun,WANG Wen-xue,et al.Mechanism and Risk Assessment of Sand flow Hazards Due toCoalmining Adjacent to Unconsolidated Aquifers[C]//Envi-ronmental Geosciences and Engineering Survey for Territory Pro-tection and Pop-ulation Safety,International Conference Underthe AEGIS of IAEG,Moscow,Russia,2011:581-585.
[7]宣以琼.薄基岩浅埋煤层覆岩破坏移动演化规律[J].岩土力学,2008,29(2):512-516.
[8]梁燕,谭周地.弱胶结砂层突水、涌砂模拟试验研究[J].西安公路交通大学学报,1996,16(1):19-22.
[9]张敏江,张丽萍,姜秀萍,等.弱胶结砂层突涌机理及预测研究[J].金属矿山,2002(10):48-50.
[10]汤爱平,董莹,谭周地,等.振动作用下矿井突水涌砂机理的研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,1999,19(2):132-135.
[11]张杰,侯忠杰,马砺.浅埋煤层老顶岩块回转过程中溃沙分析[J].西安科技大学学报,2006,26(2):158-160.
[12]隋旺华,董青红.近松散层开采孔隙水压力变化及其对水砂突涌的前兆意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1908-1916.
[13]隋旺华,蔡光桃,董青红.近松散层采煤覆岩采动裂缝水砂突涌临界水力坡度试验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(10):2084-2091.
[14]杨伟峰.薄基岩采动破断及其诱发水砂混合流运移特征[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2009.
[15]许延春.含黏砂土流动性试验[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(5):496-499.
[16]张玉军,康永华,刘秀娥.松散砂岩含水层下煤矿开采溃砂预测[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(4):429-432.
[17]王世东,沈显华,牟平.韩家湾煤矿浅埋煤层富水区下溃砂突水性预测[J].煤炭科学技术,2009,37(1):92-95.
[18]蔡光桃,武伟.采煤冒裂带上覆松散层渗透变形机理与试验研究[J].煤炭安全,2008,39(10):11-14.
[19]伍永平,卢明师.浅埋采场溃砂发生条件分析[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2004,20(3):57-58.
[20]董青红.近松散层开采水砂突涌机制及判别研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2005.
[21]范立民.神府矿区矿井溃砂灾害防治技术研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1996,7(4):35-38.
[22]魏秉亮.神府矿区突水溃沙地质灾害研究[J].中国煤田地质,1996,8(2):28-30.
[23]马乡林,万峰.松散砂岩含水层下控制综放开采试验[J].煤矿开采,2009,14(3):38-41.
[24]赵庆彪,马念杰,刘斯筠.注浆治理冲积层放顶煤综采工作面冒顶溃砂[J].煤矿安全,2002,33(10):33-35.
[25]宋三胜.芦岭煤矿810采区充水溃砂机理与治理初探[J].矿业科学技术,2000,28(1):5-6.
[26]刘宏源,毛善君,王振荣,等.基于GIS的矿井溃水溃沙预警方法[J].煤炭科学技术,2010,38(4):86-89.
[27]王梅,张建民,肖海红,等.超大规模煤田开采中突水溃沙灾害预测分析方法研究[C]//全国国土资源与环境遥感技术应用交流会论文文集.武汉,2004.
[28]刘楠,柴光云,肖永福.榆神府矿区溃水溃沙事故安全评价[J].陕西煤炭,2010(4):10-12.
[29]黄德财,孙刚,厚美瑛,等.颗粒速度在颗粒流稀疏流-密集流转变中的作用[J].物理学报,2006,55(9):4754-4759.
[30]ZHANG Xun-sheng,BAO De-song,XU Guang-lei,et al.Factors of the Transition from Dilute to Dense Flow in Two Di-mensional Channel[J].International Journal of Moden Phys-ics B,2003,17:4382-4386.
[31]徐光磊,胡国琦,张训生,等.通道宽度和初始流量对颗粒稀疏流到密集流转变临界开口的影响[J].物理学报,2003,52(4):875-878.
[32]Kim S R.A Simulational Study of Granular Boundary Flows inTwo Dimension[J].Computational Material Science,1995,4:125-132.
[33]Tasi J C,Losert W,Voth G A,et al.Two Dimensional Granu-lar Poiseuille Flow on an Incline:Multiple Dynamical Regimes[J].Phys Rev E,2001,65:11306-11319.
[34]Pouliquen O,Delour J,Savage S B.Fingering in GranularFlows[J].Nature,1997,386(24):816-817.
[35]Beverloo W A,Leniger H A,Velde J van de.The Flow ofGranular Solids Through Orifices[J].Chemical EngineeringScience,1962(15):260-269.
[36]张刚,周健,姚志雄.堤坝管涌的室内试验与颗粒流细观模拟研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2007(6):83-86.
[37]周健,池永.土的工程力学性质的颗粒流模拟[J].固体力学学报,2004,25(4):377-382.
[38]胡明鉴,汪稔,陈中学,等.泥石流启动过程PFC数值模拟[J].岩土力学,2010,31(S):394-434.
[39]朱焕春.PFC及其在矿山崩落开采研究中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,31(9):1927-1931.
[40]Iskander M,Liu J,Sadek S.Transparent Amorphous Silica toModel Clay[J].ASCE J of Geot&Geoenv Eng,2002,128(3):262-273.
[41]Iskander M,Sadek S,Liu J.Transparent Silica Gel to ModelSand[J].Int J of Physical Model,in Geomechanics,2002(4):13-26.
[42]LIU Jin-yuan.Visualization of 3-D Deformations UsingTransparent“Soil”Models[D].New York:Polytechnic Uni-versity,USA,2003.
[43]隋旺华,高岳,LIU Jin-yuan.透明土实验技术现状与展望[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(4):577-582.
[44]LIU Jin-yuan,Iskander M.Adaptive Cross Correlation for Im-aging Displacements in Soils[J].Journal of Computing in CivilEngineering,2004,18(1):46-57.
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