龙首矿露天转地下开采对边坡岩体稳定性的影响
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摘要
针对甘肃金川龙首矿露天转地下开采条件下的边坡岩体变形、破坏和稳定性问题,在矿区大范围内建立了地表岩移GPS监测网络。持续5.5 a的监测结果表明:地下开采已经引起地表大范围的岩体移动和变形。矿体上盘地表监测点累积最大水平位移量达853.1 mm,最大三维位移量达951.7 mm;矿体下盘地表监测点累积最大水平位移量达763.5 mm,累积最大三维位移量达952.1 mm。同时受深凹露天边坡的挤压和地下开采双重影响,坑底隆起区地表监测点累积最大隆起量达458.1 mm。在此基础上,通过相应的三维数值模拟,研究了露天边坡地下开采采场围岩和边坡的力学环境,探讨了围岩移动变形、应力场分布和破坏机理。综合已有的现场监测结果和实际勘察情况,认为目前露天边坡整体稳定状况相对良好。
According to the practical state of rock mass movement,deformation and fracture induced by underground mining,a systematical GPS monitoring network was established on the ground surface of the mine.Based on persistent monitoring in the last five and half years,the results show that a large-scale subsidence trough has been developed after the transition from open pit mining to underground mining.Almost all coordinates of the monitoring points are being changed constantly.In the upper surface of the ore body,the maximum horizontal displacement reach up to 853.1 mm,and the maximum three-dimensional displacement reach up to 951.7 mm.While in the lower surface of the ore body,the maximum horizontal displacement reach up to 763.5 mm,and the maximum three-dimensional displacement reach up to 952.1 mm.Furthermore,at the bottom of the pit,the largest accumulated upheaval displacement reach up to 458.1 mm because of the dual effects of the extrusion of high-steep opencast slope and underground mining.In addition,a 3D numerical model was established to reveal the stress environment around the excavation and opencast slope rock mass,discussed the rock mass movement and deformation,stress distribution and failure mechanism.Then,combined with the monitoring results and field investigation,and pointed out that the overall stability is relatively good in current stage.
According to the practical state of rock mass movement,deformation and fracture induced by underground mining,a systematical GPS monitoring network was established on the ground surface of the mine.Based on persistent monitoring in the last five and half years,the results show that a large-scale subsidence trough has been developed after the transition from open pit mining to underground mining.Almost all coordinates of the monitoring points are being changed constantly.In the upper surface of the ore body,the maximum horizontal displacement reach up to 853.1 mm,and the maximum three-dimensional displacement reach up to 951.7 mm.While in the lower surface of the ore body,the maximum horizontal displacement reach up to 763.5 mm,and the maximum three-dimensional displacement reach up to 952.1 mm.Furthermore,at the bottom of the pit,the largest accumulated upheaval displacement reach up to 458.1 mm because of the dual effects of the extrusion of high-steep opencast slope and underground mining.In addition,a 3D numerical model was established to reveal the stress environment around the excavation and opencast slope rock mass,discussed the rock mass movement and deformation,stress distribution and failure mechanism.Then,combined with the monitoring results and field investigation,and pointed out that the overall stability is relatively good in current stage.
引文
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[15]许兵,李毓瑞,张汝源.金川露天矿边坡稳定性的岩体工程地质力学研究[A].岩体工程地质力学问题(六)[C].北京:科学出版社,1986:12-43.Xu Bing,Li Yurui,Zhang Ruyuan.Engineering geomechanical re-search of slope stability in Jinchuan open pit mine[A].Engineeringgeomechanics of rock mass(Six)[C].Beijing:Sciences Press,1986:12-43.
[16]赵丽娜.高陡山区露天转地下开采边坡稳定性研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2008:3-45.
[17]左治兴.露天转地下开采过程中高陡边坡的稳定性评价与控制技术研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2009:43-102.Zuo Zhixing.Study on evaluation for stability and control techniqueof high-steep slope during turinging open pit into underground min-ing[D].Changsha:Central South University,2009:43-102.
[18]王家臣,常来山,夏成华,等.露天矿节理岩体边坡稳定性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(18):3 350-3 354.Wang Jiachen,Chang Laishan,Xia Chenghua,et al.Study on stabil-ity of jointed rock slope of an open iron mine[J].Chinese Journalof Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(18):3 350-3354.
[19]韩放,谢芳,王金安.露天转地下开采岩体稳定性三维数值模拟[J].北京科技大学学报,2006,28(6):509-514.Han Fang,Xie Fang,Wang Jin’an.3-D numerical simulation onthe stability of rocks in transferred underground mining from open-pit[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2010,28(6):509-514.
[20]李扬,梅林芳,周传波.露天转地下崩落法开采对高陡边坡影响的数值模拟[J].矿冶工程,2008(3):14-8,21.Li Yang,Mei Linfang,Zhou Chuanbo.Numerical Simulation of theinfluence of caving mining on high and steep rock-slope in the tran-sition from open-pit mining to underground mining[J].Mining andMetallurgical Engineering,2008(3):14-8,21.
[21]刘辉,陈文胜,冯夏庭,等.大冶铁矿露天转地下开采的离散元数值模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(9):1 413-1 417.Liu Hui,Chen Wensheng,Feng Xiating,et al.Numerical modelingof Daye iron open-pit-mine transferring to underground mining bydiscrete element method[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(9):1 413-1 417.
[22]Pariseau W G,Schmelter S C,Sheik A K.Mine slope stability anal-ysis by coupled finite element modelling[J].International Journalof Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1997,34(3-4):242.
[2]He M C,Feng J L,Sun X M.Stability evaluation and optimal excava-ted design of rock slope at Antaibao Open Pit Coal Mine,China[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2008,45(3):289-302.
[3]Rose N D,Hungr O.Forecasting potential rock slope failure in openpit mines using the inverse-velocity method[J].International Journalof Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2007,44(2):308-320.
[4]Singh T N,Singh D P.Slope behaviour in an opencast mine over oldunderground voids[J].International Journal of Mining,Reclamationand Environment,1991,5(4):195-201.
[5]Singh T N,Singh D P.Prediction of instability of slopes in an open-cast mine over old surface and underground workings[J].Interna-tional Journal of Mining,Reclamation and Environment,1993,6(2):81-89.
[6]Wang J,Tan W,Feng S,et al.Reliability analysis of an open pit coalmine slope[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and MiningSciences,2000,37(4):715-721.
[7]李元辉,南世卿,赵兴东,等.露天转地下境界矿柱稳定性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(2):278-283.Li Yuanhui,Nan Shiqing,Zhao Xingdong,et al.Stability of boundarypillars for transition from open pit to underground mining[J].Chi-nese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(2):278-283.
[8]宋卫东,杜建华,杨幸才,等.深凹露天转地下开采高陡边坡变形与破坏规律[J].北京科技大学学报,2010,32(2):145-151.Song Weidong,Du Jianhua,Yang Xingcai,et al.Deformation andfailure of a high steep slope due to transformation from deep open-pitto underground mining[J].Journal of University of Science andTechnology Beijing,2010,32(2):145-151.
[9]孙世国.复合采动对边坡岩体变形与稳定性影响的研究[D].北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,1998:23-57.
[10]孙世国,蔡美峰,王思敬.地下与露天复合采动效应及边坡变形机理[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(5):563-566.Sun Shiguo,Cai Meifeng,Wang Sijing.Effect of combined under-ground and open pit mining and deformation mechanism of slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(5):563-566.
[11]孙世国,蔡美峰,王思敬.露天转地下开采边坡岩体滑移机制的探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(1):126-129.Sun Shiguo,Cai Meifeng,Wang Sijing.Study of sliding mechanismfor slope due to the excavation from open pit into underground mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(1):126-129.
[12]王思敬,高谦,孙世国.中国露天矿山边坡工程研究进展与展望[A].第二届全国岩土与工程学术大会论文集[C].北京:科学出版社,2006:901-917.Wang Sijing,Gao Qian,Sun Shiguo.Research advances and pros-pect of surface mine slope engineering in China[A].Proc.of the2nd Geotechnical Engineering Conference[C].Beijing:SciencesPress,2006:901-917.
[13]吴永博,高谦,王明.露天转地下开采高边坡变形监测与稳定性预测[J].矿业研究与开发,2009(1):52-54,74.Wu Yongbo,Gao Qian,Wang Ming.Stability forecast and deforma-tion measurement of high slope for transition from open-pit to un-derground mining[J].Mining Research and Development,2009(1):52-54,74.
[14]徐嘉谟,李毓瑞,马凤山,等.金川矿山边坡岩体工程地质力学[M].北京:地震出版社,1998:44-123.Xu Jiamo,Li Yurui,Ma Fengshan,et al.Engineering Geomechanicsof slope rockmass in Jinchuan Mine[M].Beijing:EarthquakePress,1998:44-123.
[15]许兵,李毓瑞,张汝源.金川露天矿边坡稳定性的岩体工程地质力学研究[A].岩体工程地质力学问题(六)[C].北京:科学出版社,1986:12-43.Xu Bing,Li Yurui,Zhang Ruyuan.Engineering geomechanical re-search of slope stability in Jinchuan open pit mine[A].Engineeringgeomechanics of rock mass(Six)[C].Beijing:Sciences Press,1986:12-43.
[16]赵丽娜.高陡山区露天转地下开采边坡稳定性研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2008:3-45.
[17]左治兴.露天转地下开采过程中高陡边坡的稳定性评价与控制技术研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2009:43-102.Zuo Zhixing.Study on evaluation for stability and control techniqueof high-steep slope during turinging open pit into underground min-ing[D].Changsha:Central South University,2009:43-102.
[18]王家臣,常来山,夏成华,等.露天矿节理岩体边坡稳定性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(18):3 350-3 354.Wang Jiachen,Chang Laishan,Xia Chenghua,et al.Study on stabil-ity of jointed rock slope of an open iron mine[J].Chinese Journalof Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(18):3 350-3354.
[19]韩放,谢芳,王金安.露天转地下开采岩体稳定性三维数值模拟[J].北京科技大学学报,2006,28(6):509-514.Han Fang,Xie Fang,Wang Jin’an.3-D numerical simulation onthe stability of rocks in transferred underground mining from open-pit[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2010,28(6):509-514.
[20]李扬,梅林芳,周传波.露天转地下崩落法开采对高陡边坡影响的数值模拟[J].矿冶工程,2008(3):14-8,21.Li Yang,Mei Linfang,Zhou Chuanbo.Numerical Simulation of theinfluence of caving mining on high and steep rock-slope in the tran-sition from open-pit mining to underground mining[J].Mining andMetallurgical Engineering,2008(3):14-8,21.
[21]刘辉,陈文胜,冯夏庭,等.大冶铁矿露天转地下开采的离散元数值模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(9):1 413-1 417.Liu Hui,Chen Wensheng,Feng Xiating,et al.Numerical modelingof Daye iron open-pit-mine transferring to underground mining bydiscrete element method[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(9):1 413-1 417.
[22]Pariseau W G,Schmelter S C,Sheik A K.Mine slope stability anal-ysis by coupled finite element modelling[J].International Journalof Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1997,34(3-4):242.
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