循环荷载下花岗岩细观损伤量化试验研究
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摘要
在循环荷载作用下,花岗岩宏观尺度疲劳破坏是由于细观尺度微裂纹的萌生、发育和贯通引起的,因此对处于细观尺度的微裂隙进行量化分析,对于理解花岗岩的动力特性有一定的意义。利用扫描电镜(SEM)拍摄得到昌江花岗岩的大量细观结构图片,利用数字图像技术对图片进行处理,提取微裂纹的细观几何信息。从矿物晶体和微损伤形式两个角度定量分析了循环荷载作用过程中的细观损伤特征。研究结果表明:①循环荷载作用过程中穿晶裂纹大部分出现在长石晶体内,而云母晶体则以沿晶裂纹为主;②在3类微裂纹中以沿晶裂纹发育速度最快,是疲劳损伤中主要的损伤形式;③沿晶裂纹和穿晶裂纹发展中所消耗能量占微裂纹开裂能量的大部分。
The failure damage of granite under cyclic load are caused by the propagation and coalescent of cracks at mesoscale;so it is helpful to understand the mechanical behaviours of rock by quantitatively investigating the meso-damage of granite.A great deal of mesostructural images of Changjiang granite in Hainan Province have been obtained by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The mesostructural images of marble are processed by regional growing theory based on image processing technique.The meso-damage information of granite microcracks are obtained from SEM images.Then,the mesostructural information of microcracks is analyzed by statistical theory and the distribution regularities of microcrack parameters are proposed. Quantitative analyses of meso-damage characteristics under cyclic load are made from minerals and microcracks.It is shown that most of transgranular cracks are mainly concentrated within the feldspars and microcracks are initiated as boundary and intragranular cracks around micas.And the major meso-damage of fatigue damage is intragranular cracks.The energy of the development of transgranular cracks and intragranular cracks account for most of the micro-crack initiation energy consumption.
The failure damage of granite under cyclic load are caused by the propagation and coalescent of cracks at mesoscale;so it is helpful to understand the mechanical behaviours of rock by quantitatively investigating the meso-damage of granite.A great deal of mesostructural images of Changjiang granite in Hainan Province have been obtained by means of scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The mesostructural images of marble are processed by regional growing theory based on image processing technique.The meso-damage information of granite microcracks are obtained from SEM images.Then,the mesostructural information of microcracks is analyzed by statistical theory and the distribution regularities of microcrack parameters are proposed. Quantitative analyses of meso-damage characteristics under cyclic load are made from minerals and microcracks.It is shown that most of transgranular cracks are mainly concentrated within the feldspars and microcracks are initiated as boundary and intragranular cracks around micas.And the major meso-damage of fatigue damage is intragranular cracks.The energy of the development of transgranular cracks and intragranular cracks account for most of the micro-crack initiation energy consumption.
引文
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[2]KASSNER MICHAEL E,SIA NEMAT-NASSER,SUO ZHIGANG,et al.New directions in mechanics[J].Mechanics of Materials,2005,37:231-259.
[3]葛修润,任建喜,蒲毅彬,等.岩土损伤力学宏细观试验研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[4]许江.对单轴应力状态下砂岩微观断裂发展全过程的试验研究[J].力学与实践,1986,8(4):24-28.XU Jiang.Meso-mechanical experiment of microfracture progress of sandstone under uniaxial stress condition[J].Mechanics in Engineering,1986,8(4):24-28.
[5]卢应发,张梅英,葛修润.大理岩静态和循环荷载试件的电镜分析[J].岩土力学,1990,11(4):75-80.LU Ying-fa,ZHANG Mei-ying,GE Xiu-run.Electron micro-scopic analysis on marble specimens of static and cyclic loding tests[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1990,11(4):75-80.
[6]张梅英,袁建新,范士荣,等.岩土介质微观力学动态观测研究[J].科学通报,1993,38(10):920-924.ZHANG Mei-ying,YUAN Jian-xin,FAN Shi-rong,et al.Study on geo-techanical medium with direct dynamic observation[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1993,38(10):920-924.
[7]凌建明.脆性岩石的细观裂纹损伤及其时效特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1993,12(4):304-312.LING Jian-ming.On mesocrack damage of brittle rocks and rocks and its time-dependent characteristics[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1993,12(4):304-312.
[8]ZHU Z D,ZHANG Y,JIANG Z J,et al.Damage analysis of red sandstone dynamic deformation with digital image technique[C]//GeoShanghai International Conference 2006.Shanghai:[s.n.],2006.
[9]赵永红,黄杰藩,侯建军,等.岩石细观破裂的实验观测研究及其对认识地震活动的启示[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(5):627-635.ZHAO Yong-hong,HUANG Jie-fan,HOU Jian-jun,at a1.Experimental study of meso-fractures in rock and its implication for understating seismic activities[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1995,38(5):627-635.
[10]朱珍德,渠文平,蒋志坚.岩石细观结构量化试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(7):1313-1324.ZHU Zhen-de,QU Wen-ping,JIANG Zhi-jian.Quantitative test study on mesostructure of rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(7):1313-1324.
[11]WU X Y,BAUD P,WONG T F.Micromechanics of compressive failure and spatial evolution of anisotropic damage in Darley dale sandstone Teng-fong[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2000,37(1):143-160.
[12]谢卫红,高峰,李顺才,等.石灰岩热损伤破坏机制研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(5):1021-1025.XIE Wei-hong,GAO Feng,LI Shun-cai,et al.Study on mechanism of thermal damage fracture for limestone[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(5):1021-1025.
[13]HEAP M J,FAULKNER D R.Quantifying the evolution of static elastic properties as crystalline rock approaches failure[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2008,45(3):564-573.
[14]倪骁慧,朱珍德,赵杰,等.岩石破裂全程数字化细观损伤力学试验研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(11):3283-3290.NI Xiao-hui,ZHU Zhen-de,ZHAO Jie,et al.Meso-damage mechanical digitalization test of complete process of rock failure[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(11):3283-3290.
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