流域虚拟仿真中水沙模拟时空过程三维可视化
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摘要
将计算机图形学领域的粒子系统引入数字流域研究,研发了基于通用网格的水沙模拟时空过程三维可视化系统。该系统建立数据结构描述粒子信息和计算或者虚拟网格单元信息传递关系;采用网格控制粒子随机生成;提出局部搜索定位方法来快速确定粒子位置;通过反距离加权平方插值提取水流信息;利用自适应龙格-库塔方法实现粒子的动态变化;设计了附有更多水流属性的水体粒子;研究了流场变化过程中粒子分布不均的问题。将上述方法应用于三峡与葛洲坝间河道水流的动态可视化模拟,验证了该系统的有效性和实用性。
Based on a common grid and introducing the particle systems from the field of computer graphics,the paper presents a new method for visualizing the dynamic behavior of simulated water and sediment movements in digital river basin.Some of the key techniques involved in the development of the method are discussed in detail.These techniques are the data structure design for storing particle and grid cell information,the random generation of a particle that is controlled by the computational grid,the local searching and positioning of the particle,the flow field conversion from Euler representation to Lagrange representation using the self-adaptive Runge-Kutta method,and the design of particle shapes with water and sediment information.The issue of the uneven distribution of particles during the course of flow field change has been solved.The new method is tested and applied in the flow visualization system developed for the Yangtze River reach between Three Gorges and Gezhouba.
Based on a common grid and introducing the particle systems from the field of computer graphics,the paper presents a new method for visualizing the dynamic behavior of simulated water and sediment movements in digital river basin.Some of the key techniques involved in the development of the method are discussed in detail.These techniques are the data structure design for storing particle and grid cell information,the random generation of a particle that is controlled by the computational grid,the local searching and positioning of the particle,the flow field conversion from Euler representation to Lagrange representation using the self-adaptive Runge-Kutta method,and the design of particle shapes with water and sediment information.The issue of the uneven distribution of particles during the course of flow field change has been solved.The new method is tested and applied in the flow visualization system developed for the Yangtze River reach between Three Gorges and Gezhouba.
引文
[1]冶运涛.流域水沙过程虚拟仿真研究[D].北京:清华大学,2009.(YE Yun-tao.Virtual simulation of water and sedimentprocess in a river basin[D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,2009.(in Chinese))
[2]KRUGER J,KIPFER P,KONDRATIEVA P,et al.A particle system for interactive visualization of3D flows[J].IEEE Transac-tions on Visualization and Computer Graphics,2005,11(6):744-756.
[3]SHEN D Y,MA A N,LIN H,et al.A new approach for simulating water erosion on hill slope[J.]International Journal of RemoteSensing,2003,24(14):2819-2835.
[4]张尚弘,陈垒,赵登峰,等.基于粒子系统的流场实时模拟[J.]水利水电技术,2004,35(9):47-50.(ZHANG Shang-hong,CHEN Lei,ZHAO Deng-feng,et al.Real-time simulation of flow field based on particle system[J].Water Resources and Hydro-power Engineering,2004,35(9):47-50.(in Chinese))
[5]冶运涛,李丹勋,王兴奎,等.汶川地震灾区堰塞湖溃决洪水淹没过程三维可视化[J].水力发电学报,2011,30(1):62-69.(YE Yun-tao,LI Dan-xun,WANG Xing-kui,et al.3-D visualization of flood routing caused by barrier lake breach in Wen-chuan earthquake stricken area[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2011,30(1):62-69.(in Chinese))
[6]REEVES W T.Particle systems:A technique for modeling a class of fuzzy objects[J].Computer Graphics,1983,17(3):359-376.
[7]McALLISTER D K.The design of an API for particle systems[EB/OL].[2010-09-30].http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/390260.html.
[8]沈大勇,马蔼乃,林珲,等.遥感信息模型、粒子系统与元球结合模拟坡面水蚀过程[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2002,38(6):838-845.(SHEN Da-yong,MA Ai-nai,LIN Hui,et al.Using RSIMWEH,particle system and meatball to simulatethe process of soil erosion by water on hillslopes[J].Acta Scientiarum Natrualum Universitis Pekinesis,2002,38(6):838-845.(in Chinese))
[9]董志明,彭文成,郭齐胜.基于粒子系统的战场环境特效仿真[J].系统仿真学报,2006,18(增刊2):470-474.(DONGZhi-ming,PENG Wen-cheng,GUO Qi-sheng.Specific simulation in visual battlefield environment on particle system[J].Journal ofSystem Simulation,2006,18(Supp2):470-474.(in Chinese))
[10]严蔚敏,吴伟民.数据结构:C语言版[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1997.(YAN Wei-min,WU Wei-min.Data structure:Clanguage version)[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1997.(in Chinese))
[11]袁德奎,何磊,陶建华.平面二维流场中质点运动的可视化[J].海洋通报,2004,23(5):77-81.(YUAN De-kui,HE Lei,TAO Jian-hua.Visualization of the motion of particles in tidal flow[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2004,23(5):77-81.(in Chi-nese))
[12]BARAFF D.Large steps in cloth simulation[C]//Proceeding of SIGGRAPH.New York:ACM Press,1998:43-54.
[13]EBERHARDT B,ETZMUSS O,HAUTH M.Implicit-explicit schemes for fast animation with particles system[C]//Proceedingsof the Eurographics Workshop on Computer Animation and Simulation.Switzerland:Springer Computer Science,2000:137-151.
[14]ASCHER U M,RUUTH S J,WETTON B T.Implicit-explicit methods for time-dependent partial differential equations[J.]SIAMJ Numer Anl,1995,32(3):797-823.
[15]杨元平,徐金环.改进的Eular法流场动态可视化[J].西北水电,2003(2):45-48.(YANG Yuan-ping,XU Jin-huan.Current pattern dynamic visualization based on improved Eular method[J].Northwest Water Power,2003(2):45-48.(inChinese))
[16]张宗国,罗笑南.基于自适应龙格-库塔方法的柔性织物仿真[J.]计算机应用研究,2004(12):59-65.(ZHANG Zong-guo,LUO Xiao-nan.Flexible cloth simulation based on self-adaptive Runge-Kutta method[J].Application Research of Computers,2004(12):59-65.(in Chinese))
[17]冶运涛,姚仕明,王兴奎,等.三峡航运监控调度系统应用研究[C]//中国水利学会量测技术专业委员会.水利量测技术论文选集:第六集.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008:175-183.(YE Yun-tao,YAO Shi-ming,WANG Xing-kui,et al.Application of shipping monitoring and dispatching system in the Three Gorges Project[C]//Measurement Technical Committee ofChinese Hydraulic Engineering Society.Selected Papers of Water Measurement Technology.Beijing:China WaterPower Press,2008:175-183.(in Chinese))
[18]姚仕明.三峡葛洲坝通航水流数值模拟及航运调度系统研究[D].北京:清华大学,2006.(YAO Shi-ming.Numerical sim-ulation of navigable flow conditions and development of shipping dispatching system for the Three Gorges&Gezhouba Projects[D.]Beijing:Tsinghua University,2006.(in Chinese))
[2]KRUGER J,KIPFER P,KONDRATIEVA P,et al.A particle system for interactive visualization of3D flows[J].IEEE Transac-tions on Visualization and Computer Graphics,2005,11(6):744-756.
[3]SHEN D Y,MA A N,LIN H,et al.A new approach for simulating water erosion on hill slope[J.]International Journal of RemoteSensing,2003,24(14):2819-2835.
[4]张尚弘,陈垒,赵登峰,等.基于粒子系统的流场实时模拟[J.]水利水电技术,2004,35(9):47-50.(ZHANG Shang-hong,CHEN Lei,ZHAO Deng-feng,et al.Real-time simulation of flow field based on particle system[J].Water Resources and Hydro-power Engineering,2004,35(9):47-50.(in Chinese))
[5]冶运涛,李丹勋,王兴奎,等.汶川地震灾区堰塞湖溃决洪水淹没过程三维可视化[J].水力发电学报,2011,30(1):62-69.(YE Yun-tao,LI Dan-xun,WANG Xing-kui,et al.3-D visualization of flood routing caused by barrier lake breach in Wen-chuan earthquake stricken area[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2011,30(1):62-69.(in Chinese))
[6]REEVES W T.Particle systems:A technique for modeling a class of fuzzy objects[J].Computer Graphics,1983,17(3):359-376.
[7]McALLISTER D K.The design of an API for particle systems[EB/OL].[2010-09-30].http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/390260.html.
[8]沈大勇,马蔼乃,林珲,等.遥感信息模型、粒子系统与元球结合模拟坡面水蚀过程[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2002,38(6):838-845.(SHEN Da-yong,MA Ai-nai,LIN Hui,et al.Using RSIMWEH,particle system and meatball to simulatethe process of soil erosion by water on hillslopes[J].Acta Scientiarum Natrualum Universitis Pekinesis,2002,38(6):838-845.(in Chinese))
[9]董志明,彭文成,郭齐胜.基于粒子系统的战场环境特效仿真[J].系统仿真学报,2006,18(增刊2):470-474.(DONGZhi-ming,PENG Wen-cheng,GUO Qi-sheng.Specific simulation in visual battlefield environment on particle system[J].Journal ofSystem Simulation,2006,18(Supp2):470-474.(in Chinese))
[10]严蔚敏,吴伟民.数据结构:C语言版[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1997.(YAN Wei-min,WU Wei-min.Data structure:Clanguage version)[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,1997.(in Chinese))
[11]袁德奎,何磊,陶建华.平面二维流场中质点运动的可视化[J].海洋通报,2004,23(5):77-81.(YUAN De-kui,HE Lei,TAO Jian-hua.Visualization of the motion of particles in tidal flow[J].Marine Science Bulletin,2004,23(5):77-81.(in Chi-nese))
[12]BARAFF D.Large steps in cloth simulation[C]//Proceeding of SIGGRAPH.New York:ACM Press,1998:43-54.
[13]EBERHARDT B,ETZMUSS O,HAUTH M.Implicit-explicit schemes for fast animation with particles system[C]//Proceedingsof the Eurographics Workshop on Computer Animation and Simulation.Switzerland:Springer Computer Science,2000:137-151.
[14]ASCHER U M,RUUTH S J,WETTON B T.Implicit-explicit methods for time-dependent partial differential equations[J.]SIAMJ Numer Anl,1995,32(3):797-823.
[15]杨元平,徐金环.改进的Eular法流场动态可视化[J].西北水电,2003(2):45-48.(YANG Yuan-ping,XU Jin-huan.Current pattern dynamic visualization based on improved Eular method[J].Northwest Water Power,2003(2):45-48.(inChinese))
[16]张宗国,罗笑南.基于自适应龙格-库塔方法的柔性织物仿真[J.]计算机应用研究,2004(12):59-65.(ZHANG Zong-guo,LUO Xiao-nan.Flexible cloth simulation based on self-adaptive Runge-Kutta method[J].Application Research of Computers,2004(12):59-65.(in Chinese))
[17]冶运涛,姚仕明,王兴奎,等.三峡航运监控调度系统应用研究[C]//中国水利学会量测技术专业委员会.水利量测技术论文选集:第六集.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008:175-183.(YE Yun-tao,YAO Shi-ming,WANG Xing-kui,et al.Application of shipping monitoring and dispatching system in the Three Gorges Project[C]//Measurement Technical Committee ofChinese Hydraulic Engineering Society.Selected Papers of Water Measurement Technology.Beijing:China WaterPower Press,2008:175-183.(in Chinese))
[18]姚仕明.三峡葛洲坝通航水流数值模拟及航运调度系统研究[D].北京:清华大学,2006.(YAO Shi-ming.Numerical sim-ulation of navigable flow conditions and development of shipping dispatching system for the Three Gorges&Gezhouba Projects[D.]Beijing:Tsinghua University,2006.(in Chinese))
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