三种边坡安全系数计算方法对比研究
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摘要
针对广泛使用极限平衡法和有限元强度折减法,提出基于改变重力加速度的重力比例自动加载法,从计算原理和安全系数计算成果上对其进行对比分析,分析得出各方法的优缺点。计算分析表明,重力比例自动加载法计算的边坡安全系数随坡角增加而递减的速率要远大于强度折减法,且一定程度上大于极限平衡法的计算成果,该方法得出的边坡安全系数对坡体几何条件变化最为敏感,在量化坡体安全程度上优于其余2种方法;对单层且坡角小于45°的土质边坡,推荐采用极限平衡法,若要采用基于有限元的安全系数分析法,需对土坡进行分层处理;对3层岩土边坡而言,推荐采用极限平衡法和重力比例自动加载法,有限元强度折减法不适用。此外,3种方法中,极限平衡法用时最短,5层岩土边坡计算时强度折减法在计算耗时为重力比例自动加载法的10倍,该差异随着岩层层数的增加还有提高趋势。
In view of the widespread use of the limit equilibrium method and the strength reduction finite element method(FEM) for calculating the slope factor of safety,the gravity proportion automatic loading method based on changing the gravitational acceleration is proposed;and the advantages and disadvantages are pointed out by comparing their computation principles and results of each method.The analytical results indicate that the slope factor of safety calculated by using the gravity proportion automatic loading method increases much more rapidly than that using the strength reduction FEM,and it is also higher than the result calculated by limit equilibrium method to a certain extent.The factor of safety calculated by the gravity proportion automatic loading method is the most sensitive to the slope geometry variation,so it is superior to the other two methods on quantization of the slope factor of safety.When the single-layered slope angle is less than 45°,the limit equilibrium method is the best.If adopting the FEM methods,the layering process of the slope is needed.For three-layered slopes,the limit equilibrium method and the gravity proportion automatic loading method are recommended,the strength reduction FEM is not suitable.In addition,the calculating time for the limit equilibrium method is the shortest.For five-layered slopes,the calculating time for the strength reduction FEM is 10 times of the gravity proportion automatic loading method;and the discrepancy has a improving tendency with the increase in the slope layer number.
In view of the widespread use of the limit equilibrium method and the strength reduction finite element method(FEM) for calculating the slope factor of safety,the gravity proportion automatic loading method based on changing the gravitational acceleration is proposed;and the advantages and disadvantages are pointed out by comparing their computation principles and results of each method.The analytical results indicate that the slope factor of safety calculated by using the gravity proportion automatic loading method increases much more rapidly than that using the strength reduction FEM,and it is also higher than the result calculated by limit equilibrium method to a certain extent.The factor of safety calculated by the gravity proportion automatic loading method is the most sensitive to the slope geometry variation,so it is superior to the other two methods on quantization of the slope factor of safety.When the single-layered slope angle is less than 45°,the limit equilibrium method is the best.If adopting the FEM methods,the layering process of the slope is needed.For three-layered slopes,the limit equilibrium method and the gravity proportion automatic loading method are recommended,the strength reduction FEM is not suitable.In addition,the calculating time for the limit equilibrium method is the shortest.For five-layered slopes,the calculating time for the strength reduction FEM is 10 times of the gravity proportion automatic loading method;and the discrepancy has a improving tendency with the increase in the slope layer number.
引文
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[19]郑宏,李春光,李焯芬,等.求解安全系数的有限元法[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(5):626-628.(ZHENG Hong,LI Chunguang,LEE C F,et al.Finite element method for solving the factor of safety[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(5):626-628.(in Chinese))
[20]刘杰,郑涛,李建林,等.有限元重力比例自动加载法与强度折减法对比研究[J].土木工程学报,2008,41(10):66-72.(LIU Jie,ZHENG Tao,LI Jianlin,et al.A comparative study of gravity reduction FEM and strength reduction FEM[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2008,41(10):66-72.(in Chinese))
[2]胡云.边坡稳定性力学分析方法的比较与研究[J].西部探矿工程,2005,(7):80-81.(HU Yun.Comparison and research on mechanical analysis method of slope stability[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2005,(7):80-81.(in Chinese))
[3]杨志刚,刘建刚,杜明亮.边坡稳定性分析方法综述[J].西部探矿工程,2007,(2):14-17.(YANG Zhigang,LIU Jiangang,DU Mingliang.Summary on analysis method of slope stability[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2007,(2):14-17.(in Chinese))
[4]祝振生,隆卫.岩质边坡的稳定性分析方法综述[J].西部探矿工程,2007,(3):156-160.(ZHU Zhensheng,LONG Wei.Summary on analysis method of rock slope stability[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2007,(3):156-160.(in Chinese))
[5]陈善雄,陈守义.考虑降雨的非饱和土边坡稳定性分析方法[J].岩土力学,2001,22(4):447-450.(CHEN Shanxiong,CHEN Shouyi.Analysis of stability of unsaturated soil slope due to permeation of rainwater[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2001,22(4):447-450.(in Chinese))
[6]陈华明,盛建龙.基于极限平衡原理的边坡稳定分析的数值积分解法[J].西部探矿工程,2006,(4):287-288.(CHEN Huaming,SHENG Jianlong.Numerical integral solving method of slope stability analysis based on limit equilibrium principle[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2006,(4):287-288.(in Chinese))
[7]曹先锋,徐千军.边坡稳定分析的温控参数折减有限元法[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(11):2 039-2 042.(CAO Xianfeng,XU Qianjun.Temperature driving strength reduction method for slope stability analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2006,28(11):2 039-2 042.(in Chinese))
[8]马建勋,赖志生,蔡庆娥,等.基于强度折减法的边坡稳定性三维有限元分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(16):2 690-2 693.(MA Jianxun,LAI Zhisheng,CAI Qing′e,et al.3D FEM analysis of slope stability based on strength reduction method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(16):2 690-2 693.(in Chinese))
[9]郑颖人,赵尚毅.有限元强度折减法在土坡与岩坡中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(19):3 381-3 388.(ZHENG Yingren,ZHAO Shangyi.Application of strength reduction FEM in soil and rock slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(19):3 381-3 388.(in Chinese))
[10]刘金龙,栾茂田,赵少飞,等.关于强度折减有限元方法中边坡失稳判据的讨论[J].岩土力学,2005,26(8):1 345-1 348.(LIU Jinlong,LUAN Maotian,ZHAO Shaofei,et al.Discussion on criteria for evaluating stability of slope in elastoplastic FEM based on shear strength reduction technique[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(8):1 345-1 348.(in Chinese))
[11]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.SL386—2007水利水电工程边坡设计规范[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.SL386—2007 Water resources and hydropower engineering slope design specifications[S].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2007.(in Chinese))
[12]刘杰,李建林,王瑞红,等.含密实原岩充填物的宜昌砂岩裂隙渗流试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(2):366-374.(LIU Jie,LI Jianlin,WANG Ruihong,et al.Experimental study of seepage in Yichang fractured sandstone with tight original rock fillings[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(2):366-374.(in Chinese))
[13]刘杰,李建林.基于拟静力分析法的大岗山坝肩边坡地震工况稳定性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(8):1 562-1 570.(LIU Jie,LI Jianlin.Stability analysis of Dagangshan dam abutment slope under earthquake based on pseudo-static method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(8):1 562-1 570.(in Chinese))
[14]陈祖煜.土质边坡稳定分析——原理.方法.程序[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003.(CHEN Zuyu.Stability analysis of soil slope—principles?methods?program[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2003.(in Chinese))
[15]郑颖人,赵尚毅,张鲁渝.用有限元强度折减法进行边坡稳定分析[J].中国工程科学,2002,4(10):57-61.(ZHENG Yingren,ZHAO Shangyi,ZHANG Luyu.Slope stability analysis by strength reduction FEM[J].Engineering Science,2002,4(10):57-61.(in Chinese))
[16]郑颖人,赵尚毅.有限元强度折减法在土坡与岩坡中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(19):3 381-3 388.(ZHENG Yingren,ZHAO Shangyi.Application of strength reduction FEM in soil and rock slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(19):3 381-3 388.(in Chinese))
[17]郑颖人,赵尚毅.边(滑)坡工程设计中安全系数的讨论[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(9):1 937-1 940.(ZHENG Yingren,ZHAO Shangyi.Discussion on safety factors of slope and landslide engineering design[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(9):1 937-1 940.(in Chinese))
[18]林小谷,宗全兵.基于M-C准则的强度折减法分析边坡稳定性研究[J].岩土工程技术,2006,20(1):13-16.(LIN Xiaogu,ZONG Quanbing.The research on safety analysis of slope with strength reduction method adopting the Mohr-Coulomb criterion[J].Geotechnical Engineering Technique,2006,20(1):13-16.(in Chinese))
[19]郑宏,李春光,李焯芬,等.求解安全系数的有限元法[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(5):626-628.(ZHENG Hong,LI Chunguang,LEE C F,et al.Finite element method for solving the factor of safety[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(5):626-628.(in Chinese))
[20]刘杰,郑涛,李建林,等.有限元重力比例自动加载法与强度折减法对比研究[J].土木工程学报,2008,41(10):66-72.(LIU Jie,ZHENG Tao,LI Jianlin,et al.A comparative study of gravity reduction FEM and strength reduction FEM[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2008,41(10):66-72.(in Chinese))
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