大理岩对多次冲击波的非线性动态响应
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摘要
利用霍普金森压杆装置对干燥和水饱和大理岩进行多次冲击波在长杆岩石试件中传播的实验研究。结果表明,冲击动态模量随应变或应力的改变而不断地变化。对于干燥大理岩,当冲击应力小于屈服强度时,随应力波传播时间或距离的拉长,模量表现为降低;并且,由于卸载模量大于加载模量,导致卸载波不断追赶加载波,使应力波形由宽变窄,应力波幅不断衰减。随着冲击次数的增加,实验显示出干燥岩石的模量增大,应力波形变窄,弥散效应减弱,衰减幅值减小,残余应变也随之减小的冲击压实效应。对于饱水大理岩,当冲击应力大于屈服强度时,其模量、应力波形特征均与干燥大理岩的冲击结果相类似;随着冲击次数的增加,饱水大理岩出现波形拉长散开,后沿缓波更显著,应力-应变曲线的模量降低,残余应变增大,这与干燥大理岩正好相反。这是因为超过屈服点的冲击导致饱水大理岩的裂纹扩展和新裂纹的生成,引起体积膨胀,模量下降。这些实验结果对大型工程尤其是防护工程的设计和施工是有现实意义的。
The experimental research on the propagation of repeated shock wave through dry and water saturated marble has been performed by means of Hopkinson bar.The results suggest that impact modulus varies with stress and strain.When repeated shock stress in dry marble is less than yield stress,the dynamic modulus reduces with the increase in distance or time of wave propagation.Due to the modulus of unloading is larger than one of loading,the unloading wave pursues the loading wave,resulting in the narrowing of stress wave and the amplitude decreasing continuously.With the increase in the number of shock,the modulus of dry marble becomes larger,dispersion and amplitude of attenuation decrease,stress wave gets narrow and the impact compaction effect appears.When the shock stress in water saturated marble is larger than yield stress,the modulus and the properties of stress waveform are similar to ones of dry marble.With the increase in the number of shock,the experimental results show that waveform gets longer and scattered,the residual strain increases.These are inverse to the results in dry marble.It is because that shock exceeding yield stress causes crack growth and new crack initiation,volumetric expansion and modulus decrease in water saturated marble.All these results are helpful to the design and construction of large projects,especially for the defense engineering.
The experimental research on the propagation of repeated shock wave through dry and water saturated marble has been performed by means of Hopkinson bar.The results suggest that impact modulus varies with stress and strain.When repeated shock stress in dry marble is less than yield stress,the dynamic modulus reduces with the increase in distance or time of wave propagation.Due to the modulus of unloading is larger than one of loading,the unloading wave pursues the loading wave,resulting in the narrowing of stress wave and the amplitude decreasing continuously.With the increase in the number of shock,the modulus of dry marble becomes larger,dispersion and amplitude of attenuation decrease,stress wave gets narrow and the impact compaction effect appears.When the shock stress in water saturated marble is larger than yield stress,the modulus and the properties of stress waveform are similar to ones of dry marble.With the increase in the number of shock,the experimental results show that waveform gets longer and scattered,the residual strain increases.These are inverse to the results in dry marble.It is because that shock exceeding yield stress causes crack growth and new crack initiation,volumetric expansion and modulus decrease in water saturated marble.All these results are helpful to the design and construction of large projects,especially for the defense engineering.
引文
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[12]薛彦伟.基于PM空间模型的岩石细观非线性模型研究[硕士学位论文][D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2005.(XUE Yanwei.The meso nonlinear model studies of rock under the PM model[M.S.Thesis][D].Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China,2005.(in Chinese))
[13]薛彦伟,席道瑛,徐松林.岩石非经典非线性频率效应的细观研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增1):5 020-5 025.(XUE Yanwei,XI Daoying,XU Songlin.The study of nonclassic nonlinear frequency effects in meso-scale in rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(Supp.l):5 020-5 025.(in Chinese))
[14]田和金,李璗,王爱华,等.岩石动力学实验及其在油田开发中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(增1):889-894.(TIAN Hejin,LI Dang,WANG Aihua,et al.Dynamic mechanics experiment of rock and its application in development of oil field[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(Supp.l):889-894.(in Chinese))
[15]席道瑛,郑永来,张涛.大理岩和砂岩动态本构实验研究[J].爆炸与冲击,1995,15(3):259-266.(XI Daoying,ZHENG Yonglai,ZHANG Tao.The experimental research in dynamic constitutive laws of marble and shale[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,1995,15(3):259-266.(in Chinese))
[16]席道瑛,郑永来,张涛.应力波在砂岩中的衰减[J].地震学报,1995,17(1):62-67.(XI Daoying,ZHENG Yonglai,ZHANG Tao.The decay of stress wave in the sandstone[J].Acta Seismologic Sinica,1995,17(1):62-67.(in Chinese))
[2]MCKAVANAGH B,STACEY F D.Mechanical hysteresis in rocks at low strain amplitudes and seismic frequencies[J].Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,1974,8(3):246-250.
[3]BAKULIN V N,PROTOSENYA A G.Nonlinear effects in travel of elastic waves through rocks[R].Moscow:USSR Academy of Sciences,1982:314-316.
[4]席道瑛,刘斌,田象燕.饱和岩石的各向异性及非线性黏弹性响应[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(1):101-111.(XI Daoying,LIU Bin,TIAN Xiangyan.Anisotropy and nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of saturated rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2002,45(1):101-111.(in Chinese))
[5]CARMELIET J,VAN DEN ABEELE K E A.Application of the Preisach-Mayergoyz space model to analyze moisture effects on the nonlinear elastic response of rock[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2002,29(7):1 144-1 147.
[6]VAN DEN ABEELE K EA,CARMELIET J,JOHNSON P A,et al.Influence of water saturation on the nonlinear elastic mesoscopic response in earth materials and the implications to the mechanism of nonlinearity[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2002,107(B6):2 121-2 131.
[7]TUTUNCU A N,PODIO A L,GREGORY A R,et al.Nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of sedimentary rocks,part I:effect of frequency and strain amplitude[J].Geophysics,1998,63(1):189-194.
[8]杜赟,席道瑛,徐松林,等.岩石非线性细观响应中孔隙液体的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(1):209-216.(DU Yun,XI Daoying,XU Songlin,et al.Influences of pore fluid on nonlinear mesoscopic responses of rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(1):209-216.(in Chinese))
[9]席道瑛,易良坤,张程远.Biot理论的唯象修正对P波特性的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(18):3 162-3 167.(XI Daoying,YI Liangkun,ZHANG Chengyuan.Effect of phenomenological correction on P-wave for Biot′s theory[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(18):3 162-3 167.(in Chinese))
[10]席道瑛,王鑫,陈运平.描写岩石非线性滞后和记忆的宏观模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(13):2 212-2 219.(XI Daoying,WANG Xin,CHEN Yunping.Macroscopic model of nonlinear elastic hysteretic and memory[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(13):2 212-2 219.(in Chinese))
[11]关晶波,王建祥,苏永红,等.滞后细观模型在岩石力学中的应用[J].力学进展,2004,34(3):349-359.(GUAN Jingbo,WANG Jianxiang,SU Yonghong,et al.Application of a hysteretic meso-mechanical model in rock mechanics[J].Advances in Mechanics,2004,34(3):349-359.(in Chinese))
[12]薛彦伟.基于PM空间模型的岩石细观非线性模型研究[硕士学位论文][D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2005.(XUE Yanwei.The meso nonlinear model studies of rock under the PM model[M.S.Thesis][D].Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China,2005.(in Chinese))
[13]薛彦伟,席道瑛,徐松林.岩石非经典非线性频率效应的细观研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增1):5 020-5 025.(XUE Yanwei,XI Daoying,XU Songlin.The study of nonclassic nonlinear frequency effects in meso-scale in rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(Supp.l):5 020-5 025.(in Chinese))
[14]田和金,李璗,王爱华,等.岩石动力学实验及其在油田开发中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(增1):889-894.(TIAN Hejin,LI Dang,WANG Aihua,et al.Dynamic mechanics experiment of rock and its application in development of oil field[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(Supp.l):889-894.(in Chinese))
[15]席道瑛,郑永来,张涛.大理岩和砂岩动态本构实验研究[J].爆炸与冲击,1995,15(3):259-266.(XI Daoying,ZHENG Yonglai,ZHANG Tao.The experimental research in dynamic constitutive laws of marble and shale[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,1995,15(3):259-266.(in Chinese))
[16]席道瑛,郑永来,张涛.应力波在砂岩中的衰减[J].地震学报,1995,17(1):62-67.(XI Daoying,ZHENG Yonglai,ZHANG Tao.The decay of stress wave in the sandstone[J].Acta Seismologic Sinica,1995,17(1):62-67.(in Chinese))
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