煤岩组合体分级加卸载特性的试验研究
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摘要
通过MTS 815试验机研究了煤岩组合体分级加卸载试验。分级加卸载下煤岩组合体破坏以脆性破坏机制为主,与单轴作用相比,分级加卸载作用下煤岩组合体的破坏更为破碎,且破坏强度有所提高,但轴向和环向应变却有所降低。同一循环中的加载与卸载曲线基本不重合,且多数情况不形成闭合环路;卸载曲线与下一个循环的加载曲线通常也不重合,但会形成闭合环路。第1循环结束时残余变形较大,加卸载曲线形成了类似"牛角"状的曲线;随着循环加卸载地进行,与残余变形相比第1循环有所降低,加载和卸载曲线在逐渐靠近,并且加卸载曲线类似"竹叶"状。获得了残余变形和加卸载弹性模量随循环加卸载的变化关系,并且实验表明卸载到1 MPa附近时,卸载线是曲折波动的;但在再次加载初期,加载线几乎是直线,且随着荷载的继续增加,加载线和上一个循环的卸载线逐渐分离。循环加卸载后应变相位逐渐滞后于应力相位,内因可能是因为岩石矿物颗粒间的黏滞性以及煤岩组合体界面之间的摩擦引起的,而外因可能是循环加卸载导致了煤岩体内部损伤,并由此诱发不可恢复的残余变形。
In this paper,MTS 815 test system has been used to study the failure behavior of coal-rock combination bodies under different stress level cyclic loading-unloading.Experimental indicates that brittle failure is also the failure mechanism of coal-rock combination body under cyclic loading-unloading,but the failure under cyclic loading-unloading is more fragmentized than that under uniaxial loading.The failure strength under cyclic loading-unloading is higher than that under uniaxial loading;but the axial and circumferential strain in the contrast.The loading curves of coal-rock combination body are usually not coincidence with the unloading curves.In addition,they usually do not form a closed loop.In the first cycle,the residual deformation is large,and the loading-unloading curve forms a horn-shaped curve.The relationships of the residual deformations and the loading-unloading elastic modulus with the advancing of cyclic loading-unloading have been obtained in our tests,respectively.At the reverse position of unloading and loading,when unloading to about 1 MPa,the unloading line is fluctuant;however loading again,loading line is almost straight line in the early.In the all of cycles,some cycle loading lines are nearly coincidence with the unloading curves,some form sharp edges,or some forms cross lines.With the increasing of the loading,the loading curves separate gradually with the unloading curves.With the advancing of loading and unloading,strain phase gradually lags stress phase.The internal factors are the viscosity of rock minerals and the friction between the interface between coal and rock,and the external factors are the irreversible residual deformation under cyclic loading and unloading.
In this paper,MTS 815 test system has been used to study the failure behavior of coal-rock combination bodies under different stress level cyclic loading-unloading.Experimental indicates that brittle failure is also the failure mechanism of coal-rock combination body under cyclic loading-unloading,but the failure under cyclic loading-unloading is more fragmentized than that under uniaxial loading.The failure strength under cyclic loading-unloading is higher than that under uniaxial loading;but the axial and circumferential strain in the contrast.The loading curves of coal-rock combination body are usually not coincidence with the unloading curves.In addition,they usually do not form a closed loop.In the first cycle,the residual deformation is large,and the loading-unloading curve forms a horn-shaped curve.The relationships of the residual deformations and the loading-unloading elastic modulus with the advancing of cyclic loading-unloading have been obtained in our tests,respectively.At the reverse position of unloading and loading,when unloading to about 1 MPa,the unloading line is fluctuant;however loading again,loading line is almost straight line in the early.In the all of cycles,some cycle loading lines are nearly coincidence with the unloading curves,some form sharp edges,or some forms cross lines.With the increasing of the loading,the loading curves separate gradually with the unloading curves.With the advancing of loading and unloading,strain phase gradually lags stress phase.The internal factors are the viscosity of rock minerals and the friction between the interface between coal and rock,and the external factors are the irreversible residual deformation under cyclic loading and unloading.
引文
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[16]许江,冯涛,鲜学福,等.低应力水平下循环载荷对岩石杨氏模量影响的研究[J].湘潭矿业学院学报,2001,16(1):14-16.XU Jiang,FENG Tao,XIAN Xue-fu,et al.Study on the effect of the circulate loading on the Young’s modulus of rock in a low stress state[J].J.Xiangtan Min.Inst.,2001,16(1):14-16.
[17]陈运平,席道瑛,薛彦伟.循环荷载下饱和岩石的滞后和衰减[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(4):672-679.CHEN Yun-ping,XI Dao-ying,XUE Yan-wei.Hysteresis and attenuation of saturated rocks under cyclic loading[J].Chinese J.Geophys.,2004,47(4):672-679.
[18]陈运平,席道瑛,薛彦伟.循环载荷下饱和岩石的应力-应变动态响应[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(4):409-413.CHEN Yun-ping,XI Dao-ying,XUE Yan-wei.Dynamic stress-strain response in saturated rocks under cycling load[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2003,38(4):409-413.
[19]许江,鲜学福,王鸿,等.循环加、卸载条件下岩石类材料变形特性的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增1):3040-3045.XU Jiang,XIAN Xue-fu,WANG Hong,et al.Experimental study on rock deformation characteristics under cycling loading and unloading conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(Supp.1):3040-3045.
[20]杨永杰,宋扬,楚俊.循环荷载作用下煤岩强度及变形特征试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(1):201-205.YANG Yong-jie,SONG Yang,CHU Jun.Experimental study on characteristics of strength and deformation of coal under cyclic loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(1):201-205.
[21]NISHI K,KOKUSHAO T,ESSAHI Y.Dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio of rocks for a wide confining pressure range[C]//Proceedings of the Fifth Congress of International Society for Rock Mechanics.[S.l.]:[s.n.],1983:223-226.
[22]张勇,孔令伟,郭爱国,等.循环荷载下饱和软黏土的累积塑性应变试验研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(6):1542-1548.ZHANG Yong,KONG Ling-wei,GUO Ai-guo,et al.Cumulative plastic strain of saturated soft clay under cyclic loading[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(6):1542-1548.
[23]徐速超,冯夏庭,陈炳瑞.矽卡岩单轴循环加卸载试验及声发射特性研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(10):2929-2934.XU Su-chao,FENG Xia-ting,CHEN Bing-rui.Exper-imental study of skarn under uniaxial cyclic loading and unloading test and acoustic emission characteristics[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(10):2929-2934.
[24]刘建锋,谢和平,徐进,等.循环荷载作用下岩石阻尼特性的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(4):712-171.LIU Jian-feng,XIE He-ping,XU Jin,et al.Experimental study on damping characteristics of rock under cyclic loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(4):712-171.
[25]左建平,谢和平,吴爱民,等.深部煤岩单体及组合体的破坏机制及力学特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(1):84-92.ZUO Jian-ping,XIE He-ping,WU Ai-ming,et al.Investigation on failure characteristics and mechanical behavior of deep coal-rock single body and combined body under different confining pressures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(1):84-92.
[2]JAEGER J C,COOK N G W,ZIMMERMAN R W.Fundamentals of rock mechanics[M].4th ed.Oxford:Blackwell,2007.
[3]MOGI K.Experimental rock mechanics[M].Taylor&Francis,2007.
[4]林鹏,唐春安,陈忠辉,等.二岩体系统破坏全过程的数值模拟和试验研究[J].地震,1999,19(4):413-418.LIN Peng,TANG Chun-an,CHEN Zhong-hui,et al.Numerical and experimental study of deformation and failure behavior in a double rock specimen system[J].Earthquake,1999,19(4):413-418.
[5]刘建新,唐春安,朱万成,等.煤岩串联组合模型及冲击地压机制的研究[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(2):276-280.LIU Jian-xin,TANG Chun-an,ZHU Wan-cheng,et al.Rock-coal model for studying the rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(2):276-280.
[6]葛修润,卢应发.循环荷载作用下岩石疲劳破坏和不可逆问题的探讨[J].岩土工程学报,1992,14(3):56-60.GE Xiu-run,LU Ying-fa.Discussion about coal’s fatigue failure and irreversible problem under cyclic loads[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1992,14(3):56-60.
[7]殷有泉,曲圣年.房山大理岩本构性质的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1993,12(3):240-248.YIN You-quan,QU Sheng-nian.Experimental study on constitutive characteristic of marble[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1993,12(3):240-248.
[8]刘云平,席道瑛,张程远,等.循环应力作用下大理岩砂岩的动态响应[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(2):216-219.LIU Yun-ping,XI Dao-ying,ZHANG Cheng-yuan.Dynamic response of marble and sandstone under rotational stress[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(2):216-219.
[9]许江,王维忠,杨秀贵,等.细粒砂岩在循环加、卸载条件下变形试验[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2004,27(12):60-62.XU Jiang,WANG Wei-zhong,YANG Xiu-gui,et al.Experimental study on the deformation characteristics of fine-sandstone under the loading and unloading conditions[J].Journal of Chongqing University(Nature Science Edition),2004,27(12):60-62.
[10]王鸿,许江,杨秀贵.循环载荷条件下岩石塑性滞回环的演化规律[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2006,29(4):80-82.WANG Hong,XU Jiang,YANG Xiu-gui.Evolvement of plastic-loop of fine-sandstone under the loading and unloading conditions[J].Journal of Chongqing Univer-sity(Natural Science Edition),2006,29(4):80-82.
[11]SPENEER J W.Stress relaxation at low frequencies in fluid saturated rocks:Attenuation and modulus disper-sion[J].J.Geophs.Res.,1981,86(B3):1803-1812.
[12]HOLCOMB D J.Memory,relaxation,and microfrac-turing in dilatant rock[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1981,86:6235-6248.
[13]MECALL K R,GUYER R A.Equation of state and wave propagation in hysteretic nonlinear elastic materials[J].J.Geophys.Res.,1994,99:23887-23897.
[14]席道瑛,刘斌,田象燕.饱和岩石的各向异性及非线性黏弹性响应[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(1):109-118.XI Dao-ying,LIU Bin,TIAN Xiang-yan.Anisotropy and nonlinear viscoelastic behavior of saturated rocks[J].Chinese J.Geophys.,2002,45(1):109-118.
[15]TUTUNEU A N,PODIO A L,GREGORY A R,et al.Nonlinear viscoelastie behavior of sedimentary rock.Part I:Hysteresis effect sand influence of type of fluid on elastic moduli[J].Geophysics,1998,63:195-203.
[16]许江,冯涛,鲜学福,等.低应力水平下循环载荷对岩石杨氏模量影响的研究[J].湘潭矿业学院学报,2001,16(1):14-16.XU Jiang,FENG Tao,XIAN Xue-fu,et al.Study on the effect of the circulate loading on the Young’s modulus of rock in a low stress state[J].J.Xiangtan Min.Inst.,2001,16(1):14-16.
[17]陈运平,席道瑛,薛彦伟.循环荷载下饱和岩石的滞后和衰减[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(4):672-679.CHEN Yun-ping,XI Dao-ying,XUE Yan-wei.Hysteresis and attenuation of saturated rocks under cyclic loading[J].Chinese J.Geophys.,2004,47(4):672-679.
[18]陈运平,席道瑛,薛彦伟.循环载荷下饱和岩石的应力-应变动态响应[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(4):409-413.CHEN Yun-ping,XI Dao-ying,XUE Yan-wei.Dynamic stress-strain response in saturated rocks under cycling load[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2003,38(4):409-413.
[19]许江,鲜学福,王鸿,等.循环加、卸载条件下岩石类材料变形特性的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增1):3040-3045.XU Jiang,XIAN Xue-fu,WANG Hong,et al.Experimental study on rock deformation characteristics under cycling loading and unloading conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(Supp.1):3040-3045.
[20]杨永杰,宋扬,楚俊.循环荷载作用下煤岩强度及变形特征试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(1):201-205.YANG Yong-jie,SONG Yang,CHU Jun.Experimental study on characteristics of strength and deformation of coal under cyclic loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(1):201-205.
[21]NISHI K,KOKUSHAO T,ESSAHI Y.Dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio of rocks for a wide confining pressure range[C]//Proceedings of the Fifth Congress of International Society for Rock Mechanics.[S.l.]:[s.n.],1983:223-226.
[22]张勇,孔令伟,郭爱国,等.循环荷载下饱和软黏土的累积塑性应变试验研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(6):1542-1548.ZHANG Yong,KONG Ling-wei,GUO Ai-guo,et al.Cumulative plastic strain of saturated soft clay under cyclic loading[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(6):1542-1548.
[23]徐速超,冯夏庭,陈炳瑞.矽卡岩单轴循环加卸载试验及声发射特性研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(10):2929-2934.XU Su-chao,FENG Xia-ting,CHEN Bing-rui.Exper-imental study of skarn under uniaxial cyclic loading and unloading test and acoustic emission characteristics[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(10):2929-2934.
[24]刘建锋,谢和平,徐进,等.循环荷载作用下岩石阻尼特性的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(4):712-171.LIU Jian-feng,XIE He-ping,XU Jin,et al.Experimental study on damping characteristics of rock under cyclic loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(4):712-171.
[25]左建平,谢和平,吴爱民,等.深部煤岩单体及组合体的破坏机制及力学特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(1):84-92.ZUO Jian-ping,XIE He-ping,WU Ai-ming,et al.Investigation on failure characteristics and mechanical behavior of deep coal-rock single body and combined body under different confining pressures[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(1):84-92.
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