土石坝振动台模型试验颗粒流数值模拟分析
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摘要
目前一般采用振动台试验、离心振动台试验和有限元动力分析来获得土石坝在设计地震荷载作用下的形态和抗震性能。本文结合孔宪京等的土石坝振动台试验结果开展了颗粒流细观数值模拟研究,克服了传统连续介质力学的宏观连续性假设,形象而直观地表现出坝体在动力荷载作用下的破坏特征。数值模拟规律与振动台试验规律基本一致。同时还分析了坝体颗粒粘结强度和地震峰值加速度变化对坝体破坏特征的影响。数值结果表明,当颗粒间粘结强度较低时,表现为坝体表面颗粒的滑动破坏,粘结强度稍大时,会出现局部的小块颗粒团整体滑动破坏;随着峰值加速度的增大,坝顶沉降量在增大,坝体破坏特征不变。
The shape and seismic behavior of earth rock-fill dam under designed seismic load are usually simulated by shaking table test,shake table for the centrifuge test and finite element dynamic analysis.Mesomechanical simulation was analyzed based on the shaking table test in Reference[1],which overcomes the deficiency of macro-continuity assumption in continuum mechanics and can demonstrate the failure characteristics of dam under dynamic loading intuitively and vividly.The law obtained from numerical simulation is almost consistent with the one obtained from the shaking table test.Besides,the influencing factors of bond strength of particle and peak acceleration of seismic wave on the characteristics of damage in the dam were analyzed.The simulation results indicate that the failure characteristics of dam are particle sliding on the dam surface with very low bond strength and particle cluster sliding on the dam surface with slightly higher bond strength.With the increase of peak acceleration,the settlement of dam crest is becoming larger,but the failure characteristics of dam remains unchanged.
The shape and seismic behavior of earth rock-fill dam under designed seismic load are usually simulated by shaking table test,shake table for the centrifuge test and finite element dynamic analysis.Mesomechanical simulation was analyzed based on the shaking table test in Reference[1],which overcomes the deficiency of macro-continuity assumption in continuum mechanics and can demonstrate the failure characteristics of dam under dynamic loading intuitively and vividly.The law obtained from numerical simulation is almost consistent with the one obtained from the shaking table test.Besides,the influencing factors of bond strength of particle and peak acceleration of seismic wave on the characteristics of damage in the dam were analyzed.The simulation results indicate that the failure characteristics of dam are particle sliding on the dam surface with very low bond strength and particle cluster sliding on the dam surface with slightly higher bond strength.With the increase of peak acceleration,the settlement of dam crest is becoming larger,but the failure characteristics of dam remains unchanged.
引文
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[2]郦能惠,沈珠江.土石坝工程研究新进展[J].水利水电科技进展,1999,19(4):6-10.Li N H,Shen Z J.New achievements in earth-rockfilldam research[J].Advances in Science and Technologyof Water Resources,1999,19(4):6-10.
[3]赵剑明,常亚屏,陈宁.加强高土石坝抗震研究的现实意义及工作展望[J].世界地震工程,2004,20(1):95-99.Zhao J M,Chang Y P,Chen N.Significance andprospects about earthquake resistant studies of highearth-rockfill dams[J].World Earthquake Engineer-ing,2004,20(1):95-99.
[4]周建平,杨泽艳,陈观福.我国高坝建设的现状和面临的挑战[J].水利学报,2006,37(12):1433-1438.Zhou J P,Yang Z Y,Chen G F.Status and chal-lenges of high dam constructions in China[J].Journalof Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(12):1433-1438.
[5]孔宪京,刘君,韩国城.面板堆石料模型动力破坏试验与数值仿真分析[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(1):26-30.Kong X J,Liu J,Han G C.Dynamic failure test andnumerical simulation of model concrete-faced rockfilldam[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineer-ing,2003,25(1):26-30.
[6]刘礼华,孟吉复,李伯乔.乌拉泊土石坝模型动力特性试验研究[J].武汉水利电力大学学报,1993,26(4):389-394.Liu L H,Meng J F,Li B Q.Experimental investiga-tion in dynamic characters of Wulabo earth-rock dammodel[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Hydraulicand Electric Engineering,1993,26(4):389-394.
[7]侯瑜京.土工离心机振动台及其试验技术[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2006,4(1):15-22.Hou Y J.Centrifuge shakers and testing technique[J].Journal of China Institute of Water Resourcesand Hydropower Research,2006,4(1):15-22.
[8]田景元,刘汉龙,陈国兴,等.土石坝二维多点输入地震反应分析[J].岩土力学,2004,25(1):99-104.Tian J Y,Liu H L,Chen G X,et al.Earth-rockdam’s earthquake response to 2 dimensional multi-point input[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(1):99-104.
[9]周健,池毓蔚,池永,等.砂土双轴试验的颗粒流模拟[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(6):701-704.Zhou J,Chi Y W,Chi Y,et al.Simulation of biaxialtest on sand by particle flow code[J].Chinese Journalof Geotechnical Engineering,2000,22(6):701-704.
[10]Xu Y,Kafui K D,Thomton C,et al.Effects of mate-rial properties on granular flow in soil using DEMsimulation[J].Particulate Science and Technology,2002,20(2):109-124.
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