PIV技术在大型振动台模型试验中的应用
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摘要
PIV(Particle image velocimetry)技术在流场试验和土体静力变形试验中已经得到了广泛应用,并取得了良好的测试分析效果。但在大型振动台模型试验中的应用还未见发表。结合边坡稳定大型振动台模型试验,对PIV技术在大型振动台模型试验中的应用进行了探索,并对边坡失稳的判别准则进行了分析。分别采用SONY高清数码摄像机、MVC高分辨率摄像头和CANON数码单反相机进行图片采集。结果发现高清数码相机所采集的照片能够为PIV技术提供较好的支持。图片分析结果表明:PIV测量技术能较好地测定大型振动台模型试验中观察面内任意点在任意时刻的位移,可以获得丰富的边坡变形直至破坏的完整过程,从而可以深入地研究地震作用下边坡变形发展、应变局部化形成及其与边坡破坏过程的关系。通过对位移时程曲线的分析表明,位移曲线曲率判别法能较准确判别边坡失稳时刻。
PIV is a velocity-measuring technique commonly used in the field of experimental fluid mechanics and geotechnical tests,but no previous report is found on the use of this technique in large-scale shaking table tests.The PIV technology is applied to large-scale shaking table model tests on slope stability,and the failure criterion is also studied.Sony high-definition video camera,MVC3000 camera and Canon EOS 450D digital camera are used to capture images.It is found that Canon digital camera can provide the best quality images and the measured results exhibit good regularity.The results show that the PIV technology is verified to effectively measure the displacement of any point at any time with accuracy within the observation region.Furthermore,one can get more information about the process of deformation development,the formation of strain localization and the whole failure process of slope under earthquakes.The maximum curvature criterion of the displacement-time curve can be used to predict the time of sliding of slopes.
PIV is a velocity-measuring technique commonly used in the field of experimental fluid mechanics and geotechnical tests,but no previous report is found on the use of this technique in large-scale shaking table tests.The PIV technology is applied to large-scale shaking table model tests on slope stability,and the failure criterion is also studied.Sony high-definition video camera,MVC3000 camera and Canon EOS 450D digital camera are used to capture images.It is found that Canon digital camera can provide the best quality images and the measured results exhibit good regularity.The results show that the PIV technology is verified to effectively measure the displacement of any point at any time with accuracy within the observation region.Furthermore,one can get more information about the process of deformation development,the formation of strain localization and the whole failure process of slope under earthquakes.The maximum curvature criterion of the displacement-time curve can be used to predict the time of sliding of slopes.
引文
[1]孔宪京,邹德高,邓学晶,刘莹光.高土石坝综合抗震措施及其效果的验算[J].水利学报,2006,37(12):1489–1495.(KONG Xian-jing,ZOU De-gao,DENG Xue-jing,LIUYing-guang.Comprehensive earthquake resistant measure ofhigh earth-rockfill dams and effectiveness verification[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(12):1489–1495.(in Chinese))
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[7]徐玉明,迟卫,莫立新.PIV测试技术及其应用[J].舰船科学技术,2007,29(3):101–105.(XU Yu-ming,CHI Wei,MO Li-xin.PIV measurement technique and its application[J].Ship Science and Technology,2007,29(3):101–105.(inChinese))
[8]杨小林,严敬.PIV测速原理与应用[J].西华大学学报(自然科学版),2005,24(1):19–21.(YANG Xiao-lin,YAN Jing.Principles for the measurement and image processing using PIV[J].Sichuan University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2005,24(1):19-21.(in Chinese))
[9]WHITE D J.An investigation into the behaviour of pressed-in piles[D].Cambridge:University of Cambridge,2002.
[10]孙鹤泉,康海贵,李广伟.PIV的原理与应用[J].水道港口,2002,23(1):42-45.(SUN He-quan,KANG Hai-gui,LI Guang-wei.Theory and application of PIV[J].Journal of Waterway and Harbor,2002,23(1):42-45.(in Chinese))
[11]禹明忠,王兴奎,庞东明,王殿常.PIV流场量测中图像变形的修正[J].泥沙研究,2001(5):59-62.(YU Ming-zhong,WANG Xing-kui,PANG Dong-ming,WANG Dian-chang.Calibration of the image distortion in measuring velocity field with PIV[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2001(5):59-62.(in Chinese))
[12]孙鹤泉,康海贵,李广伟.粒子图像测速(PIV)技术的发展[J].仪器仪表用户,2003,10(6):1-3.(SUN He-quan,KANG Hai-gui,LI Guang-wei.The development of particle image velocimetry[J].Electronics Instrumentation Customer,2003,10(6):1-3.(in Chinese))
[13]MURAI Yuichi,YAMAMOTO Fujio.Simultaneous PIV/PTV measurements of bubble and particle phases in gas-liquid two-phase flow based on image separation and recon-struction[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,Ser.B,2004,16(6):756-766.
[14]HOSSAIN M S,HU Y,RANDOLPH M F,WHITE D J.Limiting cavity depth for spudcan foundations penetrating clay[J].Géotechnique,2005,55(9):679-690.
[15]李元海,朱合华,上野胜利,望月秋利.基于图像相关分析的砂土模型试验变形场量测[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(1):36-41.(LI Yuan-hai,ZHU He-hua,UENO Katsutoshi,MOCHIZUKI Akitoshi.Deformation field measurement for granular soil model using image analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(1):36-41.(in Chinese))
[16]张嘎,牟太平,张建民.基于图像分析的土坡离心模型试验变形场测量[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(1):94-97.(ZHANG Ga,MOU Tai-ping,ZHANG Jian-min.Displacement measurement using image analysis in centrifuge modeling of slope[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(1):94-97.(in Chinese))
[17]MICHALOWSK R L,SHI Lei.Deformation patterns of reinforced foundation sand at failure[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2003,129(6):439-449.
[18]黄盛铨,刘君,孔宪京.强度折减DDA法及其在边坡稳定分析中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增1):2799-2806.(HUANG Sheng-quan,LIU Jun,KONG Xian-jing.DDA with strength reduction technique and its application to stability analysis of rock slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(S1):2799-2806.(in Chinese))
[2]张锐,迟世春,林皋.基于大变形理论的高土石坝坝坡稳定分析[J].水电能源科学,2007,25(6):54–57.(ZHANG Rui,CHI Shi-chun,LIN Gao.Slope stabilityanalysis of high earth rockfill dam based on largedeformation theory[J].Water Resources and Power,2007,25(6):54–57.(in Chinese))
[3]谢和平,邓建辉,台佳佳.汶川大地震灾害与灾区重建的岩土工程问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1781-1791.(XIE He-ping,DENG Jian-hui,TAI Jia-jia.Wenchuan Large Earthquake and post-earthquakereconstruction-related geotechnical problems[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1781–1791.(in Chinese))
[4]周健,贾敏才.土工细观模型试验与数值模拟[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.(ZHOU Jian,JIA Min-cai.Model test andmicro numerical simulation of geotechnical engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2008.(in Chinese))
[5]解中辉.核电站斜坡式堆石堤模型试验及相关问题研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2006.(XIE Zhong-hui.Experimentalstudy on the slope breakwater of nuclear power station andresearch of correlated issues[D].Dalian:Dalian University ofTechnology,2006.(in Chinese))
[6]孔宪京,刘君,韩国城.面板堆石坝模型动力破坏试验与数值仿真分析[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(1):26–30.(KONG Xian-jing,LIU Jun,HAN Guo-cheng.Dynamicfailure test and numerical simulation of model concrete-facedrockfill dam[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2003,25(1):26–30.(in Chinese))
[7]徐玉明,迟卫,莫立新.PIV测试技术及其应用[J].舰船科学技术,2007,29(3):101–105.(XU Yu-ming,CHI Wei,MO Li-xin.PIV measurement technique and its application[J].Ship Science and Technology,2007,29(3):101–105.(inChinese))
[8]杨小林,严敬.PIV测速原理与应用[J].西华大学学报(自然科学版),2005,24(1):19–21.(YANG Xiao-lin,YAN Jing.Principles for the measurement and image processing using PIV[J].Sichuan University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2005,24(1):19-21.(in Chinese))
[9]WHITE D J.An investigation into the behaviour of pressed-in piles[D].Cambridge:University of Cambridge,2002.
[10]孙鹤泉,康海贵,李广伟.PIV的原理与应用[J].水道港口,2002,23(1):42-45.(SUN He-quan,KANG Hai-gui,LI Guang-wei.Theory and application of PIV[J].Journal of Waterway and Harbor,2002,23(1):42-45.(in Chinese))
[11]禹明忠,王兴奎,庞东明,王殿常.PIV流场量测中图像变形的修正[J].泥沙研究,2001(5):59-62.(YU Ming-zhong,WANG Xing-kui,PANG Dong-ming,WANG Dian-chang.Calibration of the image distortion in measuring velocity field with PIV[J].Journal of Sediment Research,2001(5):59-62.(in Chinese))
[12]孙鹤泉,康海贵,李广伟.粒子图像测速(PIV)技术的发展[J].仪器仪表用户,2003,10(6):1-3.(SUN He-quan,KANG Hai-gui,LI Guang-wei.The development of particle image velocimetry[J].Electronics Instrumentation Customer,2003,10(6):1-3.(in Chinese))
[13]MURAI Yuichi,YAMAMOTO Fujio.Simultaneous PIV/PTV measurements of bubble and particle phases in gas-liquid two-phase flow based on image separation and recon-struction[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,Ser.B,2004,16(6):756-766.
[14]HOSSAIN M S,HU Y,RANDOLPH M F,WHITE D J.Limiting cavity depth for spudcan foundations penetrating clay[J].Géotechnique,2005,55(9):679-690.
[15]李元海,朱合华,上野胜利,望月秋利.基于图像相关分析的砂土模型试验变形场量测[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(1):36-41.(LI Yuan-hai,ZHU He-hua,UENO Katsutoshi,MOCHIZUKI Akitoshi.Deformation field measurement for granular soil model using image analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(1):36-41.(in Chinese))
[16]张嘎,牟太平,张建民.基于图像分析的土坡离心模型试验变形场测量[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(1):94-97.(ZHANG Ga,MOU Tai-ping,ZHANG Jian-min.Displacement measurement using image analysis in centrifuge modeling of slope[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(1):94-97.(in Chinese))
[17]MICHALOWSK R L,SHI Lei.Deformation patterns of reinforced foundation sand at failure[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2003,129(6):439-449.
[18]黄盛铨,刘君,孔宪京.强度折减DDA法及其在边坡稳定分析中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增1):2799-2806.(HUANG Sheng-quan,LIU Jun,KONG Xian-jing.DDA with strength reduction technique and its application to stability analysis of rock slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(S1):2799-2806.(in Chinese))
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