磁芯感应线圈传感器综述
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摘要
回顾了地球物理领域应用广泛的磁芯感应线圈传感器.详细介绍了它的工作原理;给出了详细的设计公式和步骤;分析了三种形式的磁芯损耗,表明了材料是影响传感器性能的主要因素之一,比较了铁氧体、坡莫合金和无定形材料三种材料的不同特点;分析了传感器频率特性及频率补偿电路对频率特性的改善;介绍了两种不同的输出信号处理方法;指出了磁芯线圈传感器的设计难点在于磁芯的制造工艺和绕线方法;标定是传感器研制的一个关键步骤,标定对环境要求极高,需要在磁屏蔽室内进行,介绍了中国地震局地球物理研究所的大型磁屏蔽室结构;地磁场的补偿是标定系统的一个难点,一般采用一个单独的参考磁力仪对地磁场进行补偿.
The ferromagnetic induction coil sensors are reviewed.They gain broad applications in the geophysic domain.The principle and detailed formulas and procedure are presented.The magnetic core losses can be split into three components.The core material is one of the major factors affecting the sensors performance.The characters of ferrite,mu-metal and amorphous core material are compared.The frequency characteristic of the sensors is analyzed and improved by employing the frequency compensation circuit.Two methods of output signal processing are presented.The difficulties in designing the sensor are the manufacture arts and wire winding method.The calibration is a key process in designing of the sensor.The requirement for environment is rigorous and should be carried out in a magnetic shielding room.The structure of the magnetic shielding room of Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration is specially described.The compensation of the earth s magnetic field is one difficulty in the calibration system and the method to cancel the influence with an independent reference magnetometer is described.
The ferromagnetic induction coil sensors are reviewed.They gain broad applications in the geophysic domain.The principle and detailed formulas and procedure are presented.The magnetic core losses can be split into three components.The core material is one of the major factors affecting the sensors performance.The characters of ferrite,mu-metal and amorphous core material are compared.The frequency characteristic of the sensors is analyzed and improved by employing the frequency compensation circuit.Two methods of output signal processing are presented.The difficulties in designing the sensor are the manufacture arts and wire winding method.The calibration is a key process in designing of the sensor.The requirement for environment is rigorous and should be carried out in a magnetic shielding room.The structure of the magnetic shielding room of Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration is specially described.The compensation of the earth s magnetic field is one difficulty in the calibration system and the method to cancel the influence with an independent reference magnetometer is described.
引文
[1] Slawomir Tumanski. Induction coil sensors-a review. Measurement Science and Technology [J]. 2007, 18(3) :31-46．
[2] Pavel Ripka. Magnetic sensors and magnetometers [M]. Artech House, Boston London, 2000．
[3] Lisl Laura Lewis. A marine magnetotelluric study of the San Diego trough, Pacific Ocean, USA [D]. California: San Diego State University, 2005．
[4] Constable S, Cox C S. Marine controlled-source electromagnetic sounding 2: the PEGASUS experiment[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996, 101(B3) : 5519-5530．
[5] 邓明,杜刚,张启升,等.海洋大地电磁场的特征与测量技术[J].仪器仪表学报,2004,25(6) :742-746． Deng M, Du G, Zhang Q S, et al. The characteristic and prospecting technology of the marine magnetotelluric field [J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2004, 25(6) :742-746．
[6] 周逢道,林君,刘长胜,等.浅海底瞬变电磁法接收天线频率特性研究--带宽对浅层分辨的影响[J].地球物理学进展, 2006,21(4) :1342-1345． Zhou F D, Lin J, Liu C S, et al. Frequency characteristic of receiver coil in shallow seafloor transient electromagnetic sounding system The influence of bandwidth on the low subsurface resolving power [J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2006, 21(4) :1342-1345．
[7] 于鹏,吴健生,王家林,等.GMS-06等大地电磁仪采集数据的对比分析与实测资料的处理解释[J].地震学报,2006,28(5) :554-557Yu P, Wu J S, Wang J L, etal. Comparisons, processing and interpretation of the surveyed data by gms-06 and other magnetotelluric sounding systems [J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 2006, 28(5) : 554-557．
[8] 于鹏,吴健生,王家林,等.上海奉城--浙江湖州长周期MT剖面揭示的深部电性结构[J],地球物理学报,2008,51(2) : 503-510． Yu P, Wu J S, Wang J L, et al. Using long period magnetotelluric profile of Fengcheng of Shanghai Huzhou of Zhejiang province to study deep electrical structure [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2008,51 (2) : 503-510．
[9] 田永炜,耿胜利.宽带超低频磁传感器的研制[J].传感器世界,2008,14(8) :31-34． Tian Y W, Geng S L. Research and development on broadband and ultra-low-frequency magnetic sensor [J]. Sensor World, 2008, 14(8) :31-34．
[10] 中国地质科学院物化探研究所.超低频磁场接收器设计与制作[R].AD报告,276． 124号. Institute of geophysical and geochemical exploration. Design and manufacture on ultra-low-frequency magnetic receiver [R]. AD Report, No. 276． 124．
[11] Dieter G. Lukoschus. Optimization theory for induction-coil magnetometers at higher frequency [J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience Electronics, 1979, 17(3) ..56-63．
[12] Dupuis C J. Optimization of a 3-axis induction magnetometer for airborne geophysical [D]. Master Thesis of University of New Brunswick, 2001．
[13] 内山晋.应用磁学[M].姜恩永.天津:天津科学技术出版社,1983． Nei S J. Applied magnetic [M]. Jiang E Y. Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 1983．
[14] 唐统一.近代电磁测量[M].北京:中国计量出版社,1992． Tang T Y. Modern electromagnetic measurement [M].Beijing: Printing House of National Metrology, 1992．
[15] Seran H C, Fergeau P. An optimized low-frequency threeaxis search coil magnetometer for space research [J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 2005, 76(4) .. 044502-(1-10) .
[16] Prance R J, Clark T D, Prance H. Ultra low noise induction magnetometer for variable temperature operation [J]. Sensors and Actuators, 2000, 85(1-3) :361-364．
[17] Matzander U. MFS-06 product manual version 1． 0． Metronix Measurement Instruments and Electronix Ltd.
[18] D'Antona G, Lazzaroni M, Ottoboni R, Svelto C. AC current-to-voltage transducer for industrial application [A].Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference,2003, IMTC’ 03, Proceedings of the 20~()th IEEE. 2003, 2: 1185-1190．
[19] James P. Hauser. A 20 Hz-200 KHz magnetic flux probe for EMI surveys [J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 1990, 32(1) :67-69．
[20] Prance R J, Clark T D, Prance H. Compact broadband gradiometric induction magnetometer system [J]. Sensors and Actuators, Aug 1999, 76(1-3) :117-121．
[21] James E. Lenz. A review of magnetic sensors [J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1990, 78(6) :973-989．
[22] 周勋,金海强,张奇.弱磁感应强度检定系统[A].见:中国空间科学学会空间探测专业委员会第十九次学术会议论文集 [C].2006． Zhou X, Jin H Q, Zhang Q. Weak magnetic induction intensity scaling system [A]. In: Proceedings of the 19th Space Exploration Division Committee, Chinese Society of Space Research [C], 2006．
[23] Korepanov V, Klimovich E, Pajunpaa K. Calibration system for vector dc magnetometers [A]. XIV IMECO World Congress. New Measurements-Challenges and Visions [C]. IYA(4) . Tampere, Finland: June, 1997, 97-102．
[24] Korepanov V, Dudkin F, Pajunp K. Vector dc magnetometers calibration error [A]. IMEKO 2000 XVI World Congress, Hofburg-Austria-Vienna: September, 2000．
[2] Pavel Ripka. Magnetic sensors and magnetometers [M]. Artech House, Boston London, 2000．
[3] Lisl Laura Lewis. A marine magnetotelluric study of the San Diego trough, Pacific Ocean, USA [D]. California: San Diego State University, 2005．
[4] Constable S, Cox C S. Marine controlled-source electromagnetic sounding 2: the PEGASUS experiment[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1996, 101(B3) : 5519-5530．
[5] 邓明,杜刚,张启升,等.海洋大地电磁场的特征与测量技术[J].仪器仪表学报,2004,25(6) :742-746． Deng M, Du G, Zhang Q S, et al. The characteristic and prospecting technology of the marine magnetotelluric field [J]. Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument, 2004, 25(6) :742-746．
[6] 周逢道,林君,刘长胜,等.浅海底瞬变电磁法接收天线频率特性研究--带宽对浅层分辨的影响[J].地球物理学进展, 2006,21(4) :1342-1345． Zhou F D, Lin J, Liu C S, et al. Frequency characteristic of receiver coil in shallow seafloor transient electromagnetic sounding system The influence of bandwidth on the low subsurface resolving power [J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2006, 21(4) :1342-1345．
[7] 于鹏,吴健生,王家林,等.GMS-06等大地电磁仪采集数据的对比分析与实测资料的处理解释[J].地震学报,2006,28(5) :554-557Yu P, Wu J S, Wang J L, etal. Comparisons, processing and interpretation of the surveyed data by gms-06 and other magnetotelluric sounding systems [J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 2006, 28(5) : 554-557．
[8] 于鹏,吴健生,王家林,等.上海奉城--浙江湖州长周期MT剖面揭示的深部电性结构[J],地球物理学报,2008,51(2) : 503-510． Yu P, Wu J S, Wang J L, et al. Using long period magnetotelluric profile of Fengcheng of Shanghai Huzhou of Zhejiang province to study deep electrical structure [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2008,51 (2) : 503-510．
[9] 田永炜,耿胜利.宽带超低频磁传感器的研制[J].传感器世界,2008,14(8) :31-34． Tian Y W, Geng S L. Research and development on broadband and ultra-low-frequency magnetic sensor [J]. Sensor World, 2008, 14(8) :31-34．
[10] 中国地质科学院物化探研究所.超低频磁场接收器设计与制作[R].AD报告,276． 124号. Institute of geophysical and geochemical exploration. Design and manufacture on ultra-low-frequency magnetic receiver [R]. AD Report, No. 276． 124．
[11] Dieter G. Lukoschus. Optimization theory for induction-coil magnetometers at higher frequency [J]. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience Electronics, 1979, 17(3) ..56-63．
[12] Dupuis C J. Optimization of a 3-axis induction magnetometer for airborne geophysical [D]. Master Thesis of University of New Brunswick, 2001．
[13] 内山晋.应用磁学[M].姜恩永.天津:天津科学技术出版社,1983． Nei S J. Applied magnetic [M]. Jiang E Y. Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press, 1983．
[14] 唐统一.近代电磁测量[M].北京:中国计量出版社,1992． Tang T Y. Modern electromagnetic measurement [M].Beijing: Printing House of National Metrology, 1992．
[15] Seran H C, Fergeau P. An optimized low-frequency threeaxis search coil magnetometer for space research [J]. Review of Scientific Instruments, 2005, 76(4) .. 044502-(1-10) .
[16] Prance R J, Clark T D, Prance H. Ultra low noise induction magnetometer for variable temperature operation [J]. Sensors and Actuators, 2000, 85(1-3) :361-364．
[17] Matzander U. MFS-06 product manual version 1． 0． Metronix Measurement Instruments and Electronix Ltd.
[18] D'Antona G, Lazzaroni M, Ottoboni R, Svelto C. AC current-to-voltage transducer for industrial application [A].Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference,2003, IMTC’ 03, Proceedings of the 20~()th IEEE. 2003, 2: 1185-1190．
[19] James P. Hauser. A 20 Hz-200 KHz magnetic flux probe for EMI surveys [J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 1990, 32(1) :67-69．
[20] Prance R J, Clark T D, Prance H. Compact broadband gradiometric induction magnetometer system [J]. Sensors and Actuators, Aug 1999, 76(1-3) :117-121．
[21] James E. Lenz. A review of magnetic sensors [J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 1990, 78(6) :973-989．
[22] 周勋,金海强,张奇.弱磁感应强度检定系统[A].见:中国空间科学学会空间探测专业委员会第十九次学术会议论文集 [C].2006． Zhou X, Jin H Q, Zhang Q. Weak magnetic induction intensity scaling system [A]. In: Proceedings of the 19th Space Exploration Division Committee, Chinese Society of Space Research [C], 2006．
[23] Korepanov V, Klimovich E, Pajunpaa K. Calibration system for vector dc magnetometers [A]. XIV IMECO World Congress. New Measurements-Challenges and Visions [C]. IYA(4) . Tampere, Finland: June, 1997, 97-102．
[24] Korepanov V, Dudkin F, Pajunp K. Vector dc magnetometers calibration error [A]. IMEKO 2000 XVI World Congress, Hofburg-Austria-Vienna: September, 2000．
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