海上风机的分部与整体结构设计现状
|
摘要
海上风机结构是一个相对复杂的结构系统,其动力响应受到多种环境因素影响,且多种荷载之间的相互作用是一种非线性行为。此外,风力机不同组成部分之间都有其独特特性,结构间的耦合作用决定着风机在非平稳环境力作用下的整体动力反应。分别综述了风机叶片的转动与弹性变形的耦合、塔架与叶片的耦合、塔架的优化设计、基础的模型以及结构随参数变化敏感性分析。最后对未来有待于进一步研究的问题进行介绍。
An offshore wind turbine can be considered as a relatively complex structural system since several environmental loads affect its dynamic behavior and their mutual interaction should be considered as nonlinear phenomena.Besides different parts of the offshore wind turbine have their own peculiar features,whose mutual interaction determines the overall dynamic response under non-stationary environmental loads.The coupling between the blade,rotation and its elastic deformation as well as wind turbine tower and the blade,the optimization of a steel tower,foundation model and parameter sensitivity of dynamic behavior are discussed in this paper.Finally,some problems existed in the further research on the offshore wind turbines are presented.
An offshore wind turbine can be considered as a relatively complex structural system since several environmental loads affect its dynamic behavior and their mutual interaction should be considered as nonlinear phenomena.Besides different parts of the offshore wind turbine have their own peculiar features,whose mutual interaction determines the overall dynamic response under non-stationary environmental loads.The coupling between the blade,rotation and its elastic deformation as well as wind turbine tower and the blade,the optimization of a steel tower,foundation model and parameter sensitivity of dynamic behavior are discussed in this paper.Finally,some problems existed in the further research on the offshore wind turbines are presented.
引文
[1]赵群,柴福莉.海上风力发电现状与发展趋势[J].机电工程,2009,26(12):5-8.Zhao Q,Chai F L.Current status and trend of theoffshore wind power[J].Mechanical&ElectricalEngineering Magazine,2009,26(12):5-8.(inChinese)
[2]林毅峰,李健英,沈达,等.东海大桥海上风电场风机地基基础特性及设计[J].上海电力2,007(,2):153-157.Lin Y F,Li J Y,Shen D,Song C.Structurecharacteristics and design technique keys of windturbine foundation in Shanghai Donghai-bridgeoffshore windfarm[J].Shanghai Electricity,2007,(2):153-157.(in Chinese)
[3]陈小波,李静,陈健云.考虑离心刚化效应的旋转风力机叶片动力特性分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2009,29(1):117-122.Chen X B,Li J,Chen J Y.Analysis of characteristicsof rotating wind turbine blade with centrifugalstiffening effect[J].Journal of earthquake engineeringand engineering vibration,20092,9(1):117-122.(inChinese)
[4]李德源,叶枝全,陈严.风力机旋转叶片的多体动力学数值分析[J].太阳能学报,2005,26(4):473-481.Li D Y,Ye Z Q,Chen Y.Multi-body dynamicnumerical analysis of rotating blade of horizontal axiswind turbine[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2005,26(4):473-481.(in Chinese)
[5]Murtagh P J,Basu B,Broderick B M.Along-windresponse of a wind turbine tower with blade couplingsubjected to rotationally sampled wind loading[J].Engineering Structures2,005(17):1209-1219.
[6]王介龙,陈彦,薛克宗.风力发电机耦合转子/机舱/塔架的气弹响应[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版)2,0022,(2):211-215.Wang J L,Chen Y,Xue K Z.Aeroelastic responseanalysis of coupled rotor-nacelle-tower for a horizontalaxis wind turbine[J].J Tsinghua Univ(Sci&Tech),2002,2(2):211-215.(in Chinese)
[7]Bazeos N,Hatzigeorgiou G D,Hondros I D,et al.Static,seismic and stability analyses of a prototypewind turbine steel tower[J].Engineering Structure,2002(24):1015-1025.
[8]Lavassas I,Nikolaidis G,Zervas P,et al.Analysis anddesign of the prototype of a steel 1 MW wind turbinetower[J].Engineering Structures,2003(25):1097-1106.
[9]赵文涛,曹平周,陈建峰.风力发电钢塔筒的荷载计算方法和荷载组合研究[J].特种结构,2010,27(4):73-76.Zhao W T,Cao P Z,Chen J F.Load calculationmethods and loads combination about wind turbinetower[J].Special Structures,2010,27(4):73-76.(inChinese)
[10]Feng M Q,Zang R.Wind induced vibrationcharacteristics of Nanjung TV tower[J].Int J Non-linear Mech1,9973,2(4):691-706.
[11]Tamaru Y,Kohsaka R,Nakamura O,et al.Wind-induced responses of an airport tower-efficiency oftuned liquid damper[J].J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn,1996;65:121-131.
[12]Jarmai K,Snyman J A,Farkas J.Minimum cost designof a welded orthogonally stiffened cylindrical shell[J].Computers and Structures2,006(84):787-797.
[13]Uys P E,Farkas J,Jarmai K,et al.Optimisation of asteel tower for a wind turbine structure[J].Engineering Structures,2007(29):1337-1342.
[14]肖晓春,迟世春,林皋.水平地震下土-桩-结构相互作用简化分析方法[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2003,35(5):561-564.Xiao X C,Chi S C,Lin G.Simplified analysis of soil-pile-structure dynamic interaction under lateralseismic loading[J].Journal of Harbin institute oftechnology2,0033,5(5):561-564.(in Chinese)
[15]Peizien J.Seismic analysis of bridges on long piles[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics Division,1964,90(EMS):223-254.
[16]Barltrop N D P,Adams A J.Dynamics of fixed marinestructures[M].Oxford:Butterworth HeinemannLtd,1991.
[17]van Bussel G J W,Schontag C,Cockerill T T,et al.In:Kuhn M,editor.Methods assisting the design ofoffshore wind energy conversion systems.Opti OWECSfinal report,vol.2.Delft:Institute for WindEnergy;1998.
[18]Zaaijer M B.Foundation modeling to assess dynamicbehaviour of offshore wind turbines[J].AppliedOcean Research2,006(28):45-47.
[19]API,RP 2A-LRFD:API recommended practices forplanning designing and constructing fixed offshoreplatforms-load and resistance factor design.1 st ed.July 1,1993.
[20]贺嘉,陈国兴.基于ABAQUS软件的大直径桩承载力———变形分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007,3(2):306-310.He J,Cheng G X.Analysis of bearing capacity-deformation of the large diameter pile by the ABAQUSsoftware[J].Journal of Underground Space andEngineering,2007,3(2):306-310.(in Chinese)
[21]Martin Achmus,Khalid Abdel-Rahman,ProserpinePeralta.On the design of monopole foundations withrespect to static and quasi-static cyclic loading[C]∥Proceedings of the Offshore,2005.
[22]Rune Rubak,Jrgen Thirstrup Petersen.Monopile aspart of aerolastic wind turbine simulation code[C]∥Proceedings of the Offshore Wind Energy Conference.Copenhagen:COW,2005.
[23]Maneti S,Petrini F.Dynamic analysis of an offshore windturbine:wind-wave nonlinear interaction[C]∥Earth andSpace 2010:Engineering,Science,Construction,andOperations in Challenging Environments2,010.
[24]Henderson A R(Ceasa),Zaaijer M B.Hydrodynamicloading on offshore wind turbines[C]∥Proceedings ofthe International Offshore and Polar EngineeringConference.Toulon:ISOPE2,004:142-149.
[25]Seidel Mv,on Mutius M,Steudel D.Design and loadcalculations for offshore foundations of a 5 MW turbine[C]∥Conference Proceedings DEWEK2,004:1-6.
[26]李德源,刘胜祥,张湘伟.海上风力机塔架在风波联合作用下的动力响应数值分析[J].机械工程学报,2009,45(12):46-52.Li D Y,Liu S X,Zhang X W.Dynamical responsenumerical analysis of the offshore wind turbine towerunder combined action of wind and wave[J].Journalof Mechanical Engineering,2009,45(12):46-52.(inChinese)
[27]Lin S S,Liao J C.permanent strains of piles in sand dueto cyclic lateral loads[J.]ASCE Journal of Geotechnicaland Geoenvironmental Engineering1,999.
[28]黄维平,刘建军,赵战华.海上风电基础结构研究现状及发展趋势[J].海洋工程,2009,27(2):134.Huang W P,Liu J J,Zhao Z H.The state of art ofstudy on offshore wind turbine structures and itsdevelopment[J].The Ocean Engineering,2009,27(2):130-134.(in Chinese)
[29]Morison J R,O’Bbrien M P,Schaff S A.The forceexerted by surface waves on piles[J].Institute ofMining Engineering,1950,189:149-154.
[2]林毅峰,李健英,沈达,等.东海大桥海上风电场风机地基基础特性及设计[J].上海电力2,007(,2):153-157.Lin Y F,Li J Y,Shen D,Song C.Structurecharacteristics and design technique keys of windturbine foundation in Shanghai Donghai-bridgeoffshore windfarm[J].Shanghai Electricity,2007,(2):153-157.(in Chinese)
[3]陈小波,李静,陈健云.考虑离心刚化效应的旋转风力机叶片动力特性分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2009,29(1):117-122.Chen X B,Li J,Chen J Y.Analysis of characteristicsof rotating wind turbine blade with centrifugalstiffening effect[J].Journal of earthquake engineeringand engineering vibration,20092,9(1):117-122.(inChinese)
[4]李德源,叶枝全,陈严.风力机旋转叶片的多体动力学数值分析[J].太阳能学报,2005,26(4):473-481.Li D Y,Ye Z Q,Chen Y.Multi-body dynamicnumerical analysis of rotating blade of horizontal axiswind turbine[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2005,26(4):473-481.(in Chinese)
[5]Murtagh P J,Basu B,Broderick B M.Along-windresponse of a wind turbine tower with blade couplingsubjected to rotationally sampled wind loading[J].Engineering Structures2,005(17):1209-1219.
[6]王介龙,陈彦,薛克宗.风力发电机耦合转子/机舱/塔架的气弹响应[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版)2,0022,(2):211-215.Wang J L,Chen Y,Xue K Z.Aeroelastic responseanalysis of coupled rotor-nacelle-tower for a horizontalaxis wind turbine[J].J Tsinghua Univ(Sci&Tech),2002,2(2):211-215.(in Chinese)
[7]Bazeos N,Hatzigeorgiou G D,Hondros I D,et al.Static,seismic and stability analyses of a prototypewind turbine steel tower[J].Engineering Structure,2002(24):1015-1025.
[8]Lavassas I,Nikolaidis G,Zervas P,et al.Analysis anddesign of the prototype of a steel 1 MW wind turbinetower[J].Engineering Structures,2003(25):1097-1106.
[9]赵文涛,曹平周,陈建峰.风力发电钢塔筒的荷载计算方法和荷载组合研究[J].特种结构,2010,27(4):73-76.Zhao W T,Cao P Z,Chen J F.Load calculationmethods and loads combination about wind turbinetower[J].Special Structures,2010,27(4):73-76.(inChinese)
[10]Feng M Q,Zang R.Wind induced vibrationcharacteristics of Nanjung TV tower[J].Int J Non-linear Mech1,9973,2(4):691-706.
[11]Tamaru Y,Kohsaka R,Nakamura O,et al.Wind-induced responses of an airport tower-efficiency oftuned liquid damper[J].J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn,1996;65:121-131.
[12]Jarmai K,Snyman J A,Farkas J.Minimum cost designof a welded orthogonally stiffened cylindrical shell[J].Computers and Structures2,006(84):787-797.
[13]Uys P E,Farkas J,Jarmai K,et al.Optimisation of asteel tower for a wind turbine structure[J].Engineering Structures,2007(29):1337-1342.
[14]肖晓春,迟世春,林皋.水平地震下土-桩-结构相互作用简化分析方法[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2003,35(5):561-564.Xiao X C,Chi S C,Lin G.Simplified analysis of soil-pile-structure dynamic interaction under lateralseismic loading[J].Journal of Harbin institute oftechnology2,0033,5(5):561-564.(in Chinese)
[15]Peizien J.Seismic analysis of bridges on long piles[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics Division,1964,90(EMS):223-254.
[16]Barltrop N D P,Adams A J.Dynamics of fixed marinestructures[M].Oxford:Butterworth HeinemannLtd,1991.
[17]van Bussel G J W,Schontag C,Cockerill T T,et al.In:Kuhn M,editor.Methods assisting the design ofoffshore wind energy conversion systems.Opti OWECSfinal report,vol.2.Delft:Institute for WindEnergy;1998.
[18]Zaaijer M B.Foundation modeling to assess dynamicbehaviour of offshore wind turbines[J].AppliedOcean Research2,006(28):45-47.
[19]API,RP 2A-LRFD:API recommended practices forplanning designing and constructing fixed offshoreplatforms-load and resistance factor design.1 st ed.July 1,1993.
[20]贺嘉,陈国兴.基于ABAQUS软件的大直径桩承载力———变形分析[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007,3(2):306-310.He J,Cheng G X.Analysis of bearing capacity-deformation of the large diameter pile by the ABAQUSsoftware[J].Journal of Underground Space andEngineering,2007,3(2):306-310.(in Chinese)
[21]Martin Achmus,Khalid Abdel-Rahman,ProserpinePeralta.On the design of monopole foundations withrespect to static and quasi-static cyclic loading[C]∥Proceedings of the Offshore,2005.
[22]Rune Rubak,Jrgen Thirstrup Petersen.Monopile aspart of aerolastic wind turbine simulation code[C]∥Proceedings of the Offshore Wind Energy Conference.Copenhagen:COW,2005.
[23]Maneti S,Petrini F.Dynamic analysis of an offshore windturbine:wind-wave nonlinear interaction[C]∥Earth andSpace 2010:Engineering,Science,Construction,andOperations in Challenging Environments2,010.
[24]Henderson A R(Ceasa),Zaaijer M B.Hydrodynamicloading on offshore wind turbines[C]∥Proceedings ofthe International Offshore and Polar EngineeringConference.Toulon:ISOPE2,004:142-149.
[25]Seidel Mv,on Mutius M,Steudel D.Design and loadcalculations for offshore foundations of a 5 MW turbine[C]∥Conference Proceedings DEWEK2,004:1-6.
[26]李德源,刘胜祥,张湘伟.海上风力机塔架在风波联合作用下的动力响应数值分析[J].机械工程学报,2009,45(12):46-52.Li D Y,Liu S X,Zhang X W.Dynamical responsenumerical analysis of the offshore wind turbine towerunder combined action of wind and wave[J].Journalof Mechanical Engineering,2009,45(12):46-52.(inChinese)
[27]Lin S S,Liao J C.permanent strains of piles in sand dueto cyclic lateral loads[J.]ASCE Journal of Geotechnicaland Geoenvironmental Engineering1,999.
[28]黄维平,刘建军,赵战华.海上风电基础结构研究现状及发展趋势[J].海洋工程,2009,27(2):134.Huang W P,Liu J J,Zhao Z H.The state of art ofstudy on offshore wind turbine structures and itsdevelopment[J].The Ocean Engineering,2009,27(2):130-134.(in Chinese)
[29]Morison J R,O’Bbrien M P,Schaff S A.The forceexerted by surface waves on piles[J].Institute ofMining Engineering,1950,189:149-154.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心