应急避难场所的选址决策支持系统
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摘要
针对城市避难场所选址和避难人员分配问题,开发了基于GIS和多目标规划模型的决策支持系统。通过图层叠加,筛选出城市风险区之外的绿地、公园等空间作为避难场所备选点。通过GIS的网络分析功能,提取城市道路网络的拓扑,计算节点之间的最短路径。建立城市避难场所选址优化的多目标规划模型,优化城市所需的避难场所个数、选址和服务区域。以中国某市的数据为例,该模型和系统已应用于避难场所规划中。结果表明:该模型能适用于实际城市应急避难场所的选址决策参考。
A decision support system based on the geographic information system(GIS) and multi objective programming was developed to identify shelter locations and evacuee distributions.Candidate shelters were filtered by overlapping park locations with risk maps for different urban disasters.The city road topology was then considered to find the shortest routes among nodes calculated by the GIS network analysis function.A multi-objective programming model was then developed to optimize the number,locations and service areas of the shelters.A case study applied to a Chinese city shows that the model can be used to locate the practical urban shelter locations.
A decision support system based on the geographic information system(GIS) and multi objective programming was developed to identify shelter locations and evacuee distributions.Candidate shelters were filtered by overlapping park locations with risk maps for different urban disasters.The city road topology was then considered to find the shortest routes among nodes calculated by the GIS network analysis function.A multi-objective programming model was then developed to optimize the number,locations and service areas of the shelters.A case study applied to a Chinese city shows that the model can be used to locate the practical urban shelter locations.
引文
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[2]李刚,马东辉,苏经宇.城市地震应急避难场所规划方法研究[J].北京工业大学学报,2006,32(10):901-906.LI Gang,MA Donghui,SU Jingyu.Study of urbanearthquake emergency shelters planning[J].Journal ofBeijing University of Technology,2006,32(10):901-906.(in Chinese)
[3]陈志芬,顾林生,陈晋,等.城市应急避难场所层次布局研究(Ⅰ)—层次性分析[J].自然灾害学报,2010,19(3):151-155.CHEN Zhifen,GU Linsheng,CHEN Jin,et al.Study onhierarchical location of urban emergency shelters(Ⅰ)—hierarchyanalysis[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2010,19(3):151-155.(in Chinese)
[4]周天颖,简甫任.紧急避难场所区位决策支持系统建立之研究[J].水土保持研究,2001,8(1):17-24.ZHOU Tianyin,JI AN Furen.Study on establishing thesupporting system for location of the urgent refuge[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,8(1):17-24.(in Chinese)
[5]周晓猛,刘茂,王阳.紧急避难场所优化布局理论研究[J].安全与环境学报,2006,6(7):118-121.ZHOU Xiaomeng,LI U Mao,WANG Yang.Emergencyshelter amount confirm and location opti mized[J].Journalof Safety and Environment,2006,6(7):118-121.(in Chinese)
[6]刘强,阮雪景,付碧宏.特大地震灾害应急避难场所选址原则与模型研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2010,40(8):129-135.LI U Qiang,RUAN Xuejing,FU Bihong.A study ofprinciples on emergency shelter site selection and modelingunder disastrous earthquake[J].Periodical of OceanUniversity of China,2010,40(8):129-13.(in Chinese)
[7]Saadatseresht M,Mansourian A,Taleai M.Evacuationplanning using multi-objective evolutionary opti mizationapproach[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2009,198(1):305-314.
[8]Al meida L A,Tralhao L,Santos L.A Multi-objectiveapproach to locate emergency shelters andidentify evacuationroutes in urban areas[J].Geographical analysis,2009,49(1):9-29.
[9]Tsai Chunghung,Chen Chengwu,Chiang Weiling.Application of geographicinformation systemto the allocationof disaster shelters via fuzzy models[J].EngineeringComputations,2008,25(1):86-100.
[10]袁新生,邵大宏,郁时炼.LI NGO和Excel在数学建模中的应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[11]叶明武,王军,陈振楼.城市防灾公园规划建设的综合决策分析[J].地理与地理信息科学,2009,25(2):89-98.Ye Mingwu,Wang Jun,Chen Zhenlou.Synthetic decisionmaking analysis of the plan and construction for city disasterprevention park[J].Geography and Geo-InformationScience,2009,25(2):89-98.
[12]黄典剑,吴宗之,蔡嗣经,等.城市应急避难所的应急适应能力——基于层次分析法的评价方法[J].自然灾害学报,2006,15(1):52-58.Huang Dianjian,Wu Zongzhi,Cai Shijing,et al.Emergencyadaption of urban emergency shelter:analytic hierarchyprocess-based assessment method[J].Journal of NaturalDisasters,2006,15(1):52-58.(in Chinese)
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