采动煤岩体中冲击震动波传播的微震效应试验研究
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摘要
通过现场进行的爆破震动试验及矿山微震监测,以爆破震动波波速、振幅及频率等为主要分析指标,研究了矿井采动影响下煤岩特性改变对冲击震动波传播微震效应的影响规律.研究表明,随工作面开采时采空区垮落、破裂范围扩大及覆岩性质的强度弱化,各爆破震动P波平均波速、峰值振幅平均值、P波初至平均频率等微震参量均有较大程度降低.其中,波速平均值下降率最大达69.8%,振幅平均值最大降幅高达92.2%,P波初至平均频率最大降幅也达60.0%以上.试验结果揭示了覆岩结构及性质改变对震动波传播衰减和能量耗散的影响特征,为矿山微震监测的定位修正和参量优化提供了基础数据,更为研究采动诱发矿震动载的震动效应及采取有效冲击防治对策提供重要试验依据.
The changes of seismic characteristics in strata associated with longwall coal mining process are studied using on-site blasting tests and microseismic monitoring techniques.The seismic characteristics were obtained from analysis of seismic velocities,amplitudes and frequency contents in response to a series of blasts conducted at different mining stages.The results show that the average P-wave velocities,mean values of comb.max.amplitudes and frequencies of the seismic compression waves are all reduced significantly with roof caving,goaf development and intensity weakening of overlying strata associated with mining process.In an area where the strata are fully caved,the fractures can decrease the P-wave velocities,comb.max.amplitudes and frequencies by about 69.8%,92.2% and over 60.0%,respectively.The deduction of the seismic parameters reveals the effect characteristics of the variation of the overlying strata structure to the seismic wave transmission and energy dissipation.These results have provided evidence of a strong correlation of seismic velocity and energy to the strata deterioration processes.This has suggested that in order to obtain accurate event location,the seismic velocities must be adapted in response to the rock fracture development.Reliable seismic event locations will greatly benefit the further study on seismic effort of mining-induced tremor and prevention of rock burst.
The changes of seismic characteristics in strata associated with longwall coal mining process are studied using on-site blasting tests and microseismic monitoring techniques.The seismic characteristics were obtained from analysis of seismic velocities,amplitudes and frequency contents in response to a series of blasts conducted at different mining stages.The results show that the average P-wave velocities,mean values of comb.max.amplitudes and frequencies of the seismic compression waves are all reduced significantly with roof caving,goaf development and intensity weakening of overlying strata associated with mining process.In an area where the strata are fully caved,the fractures can decrease the P-wave velocities,comb.max.amplitudes and frequencies by about 69.8%,92.2% and over 60.0%,respectively.The deduction of the seismic parameters reveals the effect characteristics of the variation of the overlying strata structure to the seismic wave transmission and energy dissipation.These results have provided evidence of a strong correlation of seismic velocity and energy to the strata deterioration processes.This has suggested that in order to obtain accurate event location,the seismic velocities must be adapted in response to the rock fracture development.Reliable seismic event locations will greatly benefit the further study on seismic effort of mining-induced tremor and prevention of rock burst.
引文
[1]窦林名,何学秋.冲击矿压防治理论与技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003.
[2]窦林名,何学秋.采矿地球物理学[M].北京:中国科学文化出版社,2005.
[3]曹安业,范军,牟宗龙,等.矿震动载对围岩的冲击破坏效应[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(12):2006-2010.CAO An-ye,FAN Jun,MU Zong-long,et al.Burstfailure effect of mining-induced tremor on roadwaysurrounding rock[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(12):2006-2010.
[4]曹安业.采动煤岩冲击破裂的震动效应及其应用研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学矿业工程学院,2009.
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[10]李夕兵,陈寿如,古德生.岩石在不同加载波下的动载强度[J].中南矿冶学院学报,1994,25(3):301-304.LI Xi-bing,CHEN Shou-ru,GU De-sheng.Dy-namic strength of rock under impulse loads with dif-ferent stress waveforms and durations[J].Journalof Central South Institute of Mining and Metallur-gy,1994,25(3):301-304.
[11]叶根喜,姜福兴,郭延华,等.煤矿深部采场爆破地震波传播规律的微震原位试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(5):1053-1058.YE Gen-xi,JIANG Fu-xing,GUO Yan-hua,et al.Experimental research on seismic wave attenuationby field microseismic monitoring in deep coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engi-neering,2008,27(5):1053-1058.
[12]高明仕.冲击矿压巷道围岩的强弱强结构控制机理研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学矿业工程学院,2006.
[13]高明仕,窦林名,张农,等.岩土介质中冲击震动波传播规律的微震试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(7):1365-1371.GAO Ming-shi,DOU Lin-ming,ZHANG Nong,etal.Experimental study on earthquake tremor fortransmitting law of rockburst in geomaterials[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineer-ing,2007,26(7):1365-1371.
[14]GUO Hua,LUO Xun,ZHOU Bin-zhong,et al.Southern colliery LW704geotechnical study[R].ACARP Project 759,Australia,2000.
[15]KELLY M,LUO X,CHEIG S.Integrating toolsfor logwall geomechanics assessment[J].Interna-tional Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sci-ence,2002,39:661-676.
[16]LUO X.Seismic investigation of rock fractweprocess in mining[C]//Sznorock,Hong Kong,2009:21-23.
[2]窦林名,何学秋.采矿地球物理学[M].北京:中国科学文化出版社,2005.
[3]曹安业,范军,牟宗龙,等.矿震动载对围岩的冲击破坏效应[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(12):2006-2010.CAO An-ye,FAN Jun,MU Zong-long,et al.Burstfailure effect of mining-induced tremor on roadwaysurrounding rock[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(12):2006-2010.
[4]曹安业.采动煤岩冲击破裂的震动效应及其应用研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学矿业工程学院,2009.
[5]曹安业,窦林名.采场顶板破断型震源机制及其分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增刊):3833-3839.CAO An-ye,DOU Lin-ming.Analysis of focal mech-anism caused by rupture of stope roof[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(Supp):3833-3839.
[6]阳生权.爆破地震累积效应理论和应用初步研究[D].长沙:中南大学资源与安全工程学院,2002.
[7]夏致晰,缪协兴,茅献彪.爆炸应力波对深埋巷道的作用效应分析[J].河南科学,2004,22(1):88-91.XIA Zhi-xi,MIAO Xie-xing,MAO Xian-biao.Anal-ysis of ground shock wave on deep buried tunnels[J].Henan Science,2004,22(1):88-91.
[8]吴文,徐松林,杨春和,等.岩盐冲击特性试验研究[J].岩石与学与工程学报,2004,23(21):3613-3620.WU Wen,XU Song-lin,YANG Chun-he,et al.Testing studies on response behaviour of rock salt toimpacting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2004,23(21):3613-3620.
[9]寇绍金,虞吉林,杨根宏.石灰岩中应力衰减机制的试验研究[J].力学学报,1982,14(6):583-588.KOU Shao-jin,YU Ji-lin,YANG Gen-hong.Testingstudies on attenuation mechanics of stress wave inlimestone[J].Journal of Mechanics,1982,14(6):583-588.
[10]李夕兵,陈寿如,古德生.岩石在不同加载波下的动载强度[J].中南矿冶学院学报,1994,25(3):301-304.LI Xi-bing,CHEN Shou-ru,GU De-sheng.Dy-namic strength of rock under impulse loads with dif-ferent stress waveforms and durations[J].Journalof Central South Institute of Mining and Metallur-gy,1994,25(3):301-304.
[11]叶根喜,姜福兴,郭延华,等.煤矿深部采场爆破地震波传播规律的微震原位试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(5):1053-1058.YE Gen-xi,JIANG Fu-xing,GUO Yan-hua,et al.Experimental research on seismic wave attenuationby field microseismic monitoring in deep coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engi-neering,2008,27(5):1053-1058.
[12]高明仕.冲击矿压巷道围岩的强弱强结构控制机理研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学矿业工程学院,2006.
[13]高明仕,窦林名,张农,等.岩土介质中冲击震动波传播规律的微震试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(7):1365-1371.GAO Ming-shi,DOU Lin-ming,ZHANG Nong,etal.Experimental study on earthquake tremor fortransmitting law of rockburst in geomaterials[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineer-ing,2007,26(7):1365-1371.
[14]GUO Hua,LUO Xun,ZHOU Bin-zhong,et al.Southern colliery LW704geotechnical study[R].ACARP Project 759,Australia,2000.
[15]KELLY M,LUO X,CHEIG S.Integrating toolsfor logwall geomechanics assessment[J].Interna-tional Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sci-ence,2002,39:661-676.
[16]LUO X.Seismic investigation of rock fractweprocess in mining[C]//Sznorock,Hong Kong,2009:21-23.
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