基于应力-渗流-损伤耦合效应的断层活化突水机制研究
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摘要
基于大量煤矿断层突水案例的系统调查分析和归类统计,研究充填型断层滞后突水的灾变演化机制,分析采动条件下断层形态产状、充填性、导水性的变化及其对断层活化突水通道形成过程的影响。以承压水下开采的充填断层为例,分析充填介质距含水层远近的弹性区和应变软化区的力学特性和渗流特征,将水致弱函数引入充填介质的剪应力和变形的本构关系中,建立断层充填结构滑移突水的燕尾突变模型,由系统势能函数的分叉集导出突水灾变演化路径的主控因素;对于承压水上开采的充填型断层,分析充填介质失效过程的渗流损伤特征。考虑充填介质的压剪和拉剪双重破坏准则,引入适合描述充填介质损伤前后阶段的应力-渗流-损伤耦合方程,采用有限元数值仿真真实再现采动应力扰动和高压承压水双重作用下底板采动裂隙演化、断层介质活化直至突水通道形成的灾变演化过程。通过对不同断距和倾角的断层突水过程的仿真分析,揭示突水通道形成过程中岩体应力场、渗流场以及损伤场的耦合效应,实现对不同突水通道形成轨迹的路径记录和准确定位,归纳出断层活化突水的4种典型破裂通道类型。研究结论对我国煤矿突水机制与灾害防治的认识具有一定的指导和借鉴意义。
Based on investigation analysis and classification statistics of massive cases of water inrush geological hazards in mining activities,catastrophe evolution mechanism of water inrush of retarded type for filling fault has been researched;the variation characteristics of fault occurrence,filling ability and water conductivity due to mining effect have been analyzed;the physico-mechanical characteristics of filling medium effect on water inrush channel formation of fault activation have been analyzed.Taking the filling fault under pressure water for example,the mechanical characteristics and seepage properties of filling medium at elastic region and strain-softening zone with different distances from the aquifer have been analyzed;and the function of water effect on filling medium strength has been adopted to the constitutive relation of shear stress and deformation,in order to establish the swallowtail catastrophe model of water inrush for filling structure slipping;and the main influencing factors of catastrophe evolution path have been derived from the bifurcation set of system potential function.For the filling fault above the pressure water,the seepage damage characteristics of filling medium for its failure process have been analyzed.Considering the double failure criterion of compression shear and tension shear,and the coupling equation of stress and seepage damage which is suitable for the damage description of pre-and post stages has been adopted,in order to get the catastrophe evolution process of floor cracks evolution,activation process of fault filling medium and formation of water inrush passage.Through the simulation analysis of water inrush of fault activation with different dip angles and fault throws,the coupling effect of stress and seepage damage have been analyzed;and four typical styles of water inrush paths have been put forward by accurately locating the different evolution paths of water inrush.The conclusions can provide reference for the study of the mechanism of water inrush and its control.
Based on investigation analysis and classification statistics of massive cases of water inrush geological hazards in mining activities,catastrophe evolution mechanism of water inrush of retarded type for filling fault has been researched;the variation characteristics of fault occurrence,filling ability and water conductivity due to mining effect have been analyzed;the physico-mechanical characteristics of filling medium effect on water inrush channel formation of fault activation have been analyzed.Taking the filling fault under pressure water for example,the mechanical characteristics and seepage properties of filling medium at elastic region and strain-softening zone with different distances from the aquifer have been analyzed;and the function of water effect on filling medium strength has been adopted to the constitutive relation of shear stress and deformation,in order to establish the swallowtail catastrophe model of water inrush for filling structure slipping;and the main influencing factors of catastrophe evolution path have been derived from the bifurcation set of system potential function.For the filling fault above the pressure water,the seepage damage characteristics of filling medium for its failure process have been analyzed.Considering the double failure criterion of compression shear and tension shear,and the coupling equation of stress and seepage damage which is suitable for the damage description of pre-and post stages has been adopted,in order to get the catastrophe evolution process of floor cracks evolution,activation process of fault filling medium and formation of water inrush passage.Through the simulation analysis of water inrush of fault activation with different dip angles and fault throws,the coupling effect of stress and seepage damage have been analyzed;and four typical styles of water inrush paths have been put forward by accurately locating the different evolution paths of water inrush.The conclusions can provide reference for the study of the mechanism of water inrush and its control.
引文
[1]董书宁.对中国煤矿水害频发的几个关键科学问题的探讨[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(1):66-71.(DONG Shuning.Some key scientific problems on water hazards frequently happened in China′s coal mines[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(1):66-71.(in Chinese)).
[2]李术才,李利平,李树忱,等.地下工程突涌水物理模拟试验系统的研制及应用[J].采矿安全与工程学报,2010,27(3):299-304.(LI Shucai,LI Liping,LI Shuchen,et al.Development and application of similar physical model test system for water inrush of underground engineering[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2010,27(3):299-304.(in Chinese))
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[4]李利平,李术才,崔金声.岩溶突水治理浆材的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(12):3 642-3 648.(LI Liping,LI Shucai,CUI Jinsheng.Experimental research on chemical grout for treating water inrush in rock mass[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(12):3 642-3 648.(in Chinese))
[5]李连崇,唐春安,梁正召,等.含断层煤层底板突水通道形成过程的仿真分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(2):290-297.(LI Lianchong,TANG Chun′an,LIANG Zhengzhao,et al.Numerical analysis of pathway formation of groundwater inrush from faults in coal seam floor[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(2):290-297.(in Chinese))
[6]李利平,李术才,张庆松.岩溶地区隧道裂隙水突出力学机制研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(2):523-528.(LI Liping,LI Shucai,ZHANG Qingsong.Study of mechanism of water inrush induced by hydraulic fracturing in karst tunnels[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(2):523-528.(in Chinese))
[7]周瑞广,成彬芳,叶贵钧,等.断层破碎带突水的时效特性研究[J].工程地质学报,2000,8(4):411-415.(ZHOU Ruiguang,CHENG Binfang,YE Guijun.et al.The effect of water bursting in fault rupture zone[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2000,8(4):411-415.(in Chinese))
[8]卜万奎,茅献彪.断层倾角对断层活化及底板突水的影响研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(2):386-394.(BU Wankui,MAO Xianbiao.Research on effect of fault dip on fault activation and water inrush of coal floor[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(2):386-394.(in Chinese))
[9]卢兴利,刘泉生,吴昌勇,等.断层破裂带附近采场采动效应的流固耦合分析[J].岩土力学,2009,30(增1):165-168.(LU Xingli,LIU Quansheng,WU Changyong,et al.Hydro-mechanical coupling analysis of mining effect around fault fractured zone[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(Supp.1):165-168.(in Chinese))
[10]彭文庆,王卫军,李青锋.不同断层倾角条件下防水煤柱合理宽度的研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(2):179-186.(PENG Weiqing,WANG Weijun,LI Qingfeng.Reasonable width of waterproof coal pillar under the condition of different fault dip angles[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2009,26(2):179-186.(in Chinese))
[11]吴基文,童宏树,童世杰,等.断层带岩体采动效应的相似材料模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增2):4 170-4 175.(WU Jiwei,TONG Hongshu,TONG Shijie,et al.Study on similar material for simulation of mining effect of rock mass at fault zone[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp.2):4 170-4 175.(in Chinese))
[12]李青锋,王卫军,朱川曲,等.基于隔水关键层原理的断层突水机制分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(1):87-90.(LI Qingfeng,WANG Weijun,ZHU Chuanqu,et al.Analysis of fault water inrush mechanism based on the principle of water-resistant key strata[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2009,26(1):87-90.(in Chinese))
[13]董东林,王焕忠,武彩霞,等.断层及滑动构造复合构造区煤层顶板含水层渗流特征及突水危险性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(2):373-379.(DONG Donglin,WANG Huanzhong,WU Caixia,et al.Seepage characters of floor aquifers in faults and sliding structure and risk analysis of water inrush[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(2):373-379.(in Chinese))
[14]刘志军,胡耀青.承压水上采煤断层突水的固流耦合研究[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(10):1 046-1 050.(LIU Zhijun,HU Yaoqing.Solid-liquid coupling study on water inrush through faults in coal mining above confined aquifer[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(10):1 046-1 050.(in Chinese))
[15]施龙青,韩进,刘同彬,等.采场底板断层防水煤柱留设研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增2):5 585-5 590.(SHI Longqing,HAN Jin,LIU Tongbin,et al.study on design of safety pillar against water-inrush through stope sill faults[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(Supp.2):5 585-5 590.(in Chinese))
[16]李连崇,杨天鸿,唐春安,等.岩石水压致裂过程的耦合分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(7):1 060-1 066.(LI Lianchong,YANG Tianhong,TANG Chun′an,et al.Coupling analysis on hydraulic fractreing process of rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(7):1 060-1 066.(in Chinese))
[17]刘洪磊,杨天鸿,于庆磊,等.凝灰岩破坏全过程渗流演化规律的试验研究[J].东北大学学报:自然科学版,2009,30(7):1 030-1 033.(LIU Honglei,YANG Tianhong,YU Qinglei,et al.Experimental study on fluid permeation evolution in whole failure process of tuff[J].Journal of Northeastern University:Natural Science,2009,30(7):1 030-1 033.(in Chinese))
[18]李连崇,唐春安,梁正召,等.含隐伏断层煤层底板损伤演化及滞后突水机制分析[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(12):1 838-1 844.(LI Lianchong,TANG Chun′an,LIANG Zhengzhao,et al.Damage evolution and delayed groundwater inrush from micro faults in coal seam floor[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(12):1 838-1 844.(in Chinese))
[19]殷有泉,杜静.地震过程的燕尾突变模型[J].地震学报,1994,16(4):416-421.(YIN Youquan,DU Jing.Swallowtail catastrophe model of earthquake process[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1994,16(4):416-421.(in Chinese))
[2]李术才,李利平,李树忱,等.地下工程突涌水物理模拟试验系统的研制及应用[J].采矿安全与工程学报,2010,27(3):299-304.(LI Shucai,LI Liping,LI Shuchen,et al.Development and application of similar physical model test system for water inrush of underground engineering[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2010,27(3):299-304.(in Chinese))
[3]杨天鸿,唐春安,谭志宏,等.岩体破坏突水模型研究现状及突水预测预报研究发展趋势[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(2):268-277.(YANG Tianhong,TANG Chun′an,TAN Zhihong,et al.State of the art of inrush models in rock mass failure and developing trend for prediction and forecast of groundwater inrush[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(2):268-277.(in Chinese))
[4]李利平,李术才,崔金声.岩溶突水治理浆材的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(12):3 642-3 648.(LI Liping,LI Shucai,CUI Jinsheng.Experimental research on chemical grout for treating water inrush in rock mass[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(12):3 642-3 648.(in Chinese))
[5]李连崇,唐春安,梁正召,等.含断层煤层底板突水通道形成过程的仿真分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(2):290-297.(LI Lianchong,TANG Chun′an,LIANG Zhengzhao,et al.Numerical analysis of pathway formation of groundwater inrush from faults in coal seam floor[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(2):290-297.(in Chinese))
[6]李利平,李术才,张庆松.岩溶地区隧道裂隙水突出力学机制研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(2):523-528.(LI Liping,LI Shucai,ZHANG Qingsong.Study of mechanism of water inrush induced by hydraulic fracturing in karst tunnels[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(2):523-528.(in Chinese))
[7]周瑞广,成彬芳,叶贵钧,等.断层破碎带突水的时效特性研究[J].工程地质学报,2000,8(4):411-415.(ZHOU Ruiguang,CHENG Binfang,YE Guijun.et al.The effect of water bursting in fault rupture zone[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2000,8(4):411-415.(in Chinese))
[8]卜万奎,茅献彪.断层倾角对断层活化及底板突水的影响研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(2):386-394.(BU Wankui,MAO Xianbiao.Research on effect of fault dip on fault activation and water inrush of coal floor[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(2):386-394.(in Chinese))
[9]卢兴利,刘泉生,吴昌勇,等.断层破裂带附近采场采动效应的流固耦合分析[J].岩土力学,2009,30(增1):165-168.(LU Xingli,LIU Quansheng,WU Changyong,et al.Hydro-mechanical coupling analysis of mining effect around fault fractured zone[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(Supp.1):165-168.(in Chinese))
[10]彭文庆,王卫军,李青锋.不同断层倾角条件下防水煤柱合理宽度的研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(2):179-186.(PENG Weiqing,WANG Weijun,LI Qingfeng.Reasonable width of waterproof coal pillar under the condition of different fault dip angles[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2009,26(2):179-186.(in Chinese))
[11]吴基文,童宏树,童世杰,等.断层带岩体采动效应的相似材料模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增2):4 170-4 175.(WU Jiwei,TONG Hongshu,TONG Shijie,et al.Study on similar material for simulation of mining effect of rock mass at fault zone[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp.2):4 170-4 175.(in Chinese))
[12]李青锋,王卫军,朱川曲,等.基于隔水关键层原理的断层突水机制分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(1):87-90.(LI Qingfeng,WANG Weijun,ZHU Chuanqu,et al.Analysis of fault water inrush mechanism based on the principle of water-resistant key strata[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2009,26(1):87-90.(in Chinese))
[13]董东林,王焕忠,武彩霞,等.断层及滑动构造复合构造区煤层顶板含水层渗流特征及突水危险性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(2):373-379.(DONG Donglin,WANG Huanzhong,WU Caixia,et al.Seepage characters of floor aquifers in faults and sliding structure and risk analysis of water inrush[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(2):373-379.(in Chinese))
[14]刘志军,胡耀青.承压水上采煤断层突水的固流耦合研究[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(10):1 046-1 050.(LIU Zhijun,HU Yaoqing.Solid-liquid coupling study on water inrush through faults in coal mining above confined aquifer[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(10):1 046-1 050.(in Chinese))
[15]施龙青,韩进,刘同彬,等.采场底板断层防水煤柱留设研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增2):5 585-5 590.(SHI Longqing,HAN Jin,LIU Tongbin,et al.study on design of safety pillar against water-inrush through stope sill faults[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(Supp.2):5 585-5 590.(in Chinese))
[16]李连崇,杨天鸿,唐春安,等.岩石水压致裂过程的耦合分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(7):1 060-1 066.(LI Lianchong,YANG Tianhong,TANG Chun′an,et al.Coupling analysis on hydraulic fractreing process of rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(7):1 060-1 066.(in Chinese))
[17]刘洪磊,杨天鸿,于庆磊,等.凝灰岩破坏全过程渗流演化规律的试验研究[J].东北大学学报:自然科学版,2009,30(7):1 030-1 033.(LIU Honglei,YANG Tianhong,YU Qinglei,et al.Experimental study on fluid permeation evolution in whole failure process of tuff[J].Journal of Northeastern University:Natural Science,2009,30(7):1 030-1 033.(in Chinese))
[18]李连崇,唐春安,梁正召,等.含隐伏断层煤层底板损伤演化及滞后突水机制分析[J].岩土工程学报,2009,31(12):1 838-1 844.(LI Lianchong,TANG Chun′an,LIANG Zhengzhao,et al.Damage evolution and delayed groundwater inrush from micro faults in coal seam floor[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2009,31(12):1 838-1 844.(in Chinese))
[19]殷有泉,杜静.地震过程的燕尾突变模型[J].地震学报,1994,16(4):416-421.(YIN Youquan,DU Jing.Swallowtail catastrophe model of earthquake process[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1994,16(4):416-421.(in Chinese))
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