单自由面爆破振动特征的炮孔堵塞长度效应
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摘要
单自由面爆破条件下作用在岩体上的最有效破坏力小,而阻碍岩体破坏的作用力很大,使炮孔堵塞长度对爆破振动有较大影响。因此,研究单自由面爆破振动特征的炮孔堵塞长度效应有重要意义。进行了小规模的不同堵塞长度的单自由面爆破试验,并模拟了其爆破过程。研究表明,近距范围内爆破振动速度迅速衰减,中远距离爆破振动速度衰减趋缓;随着堵塞长度的增加,场地系数K不断增加,衰减指数α总体呈上升趋势;数值模拟振动速度值与实测值误差在15%以内;爆破后不同堵塞长度模型的堵塞物底部空腔半径基本相等,约为装药半径的3倍;试验最优堵塞长度为15～20 cm,相同条件下无堵塞爆破对孔口有效应力场影响较大、对孔底有效应力场影响较小。
The best valid breaking force on the rock mass is very weak,but the impeding force on the rock mass is quite strong under free-face blasting condition.Then blasthole stemming length has a great impact on the blasting vibration.Therefore,it is important to study the stemming length effects of single free-face blasting vibration characteristic.This paper carry out small scale experiment of single free-face blasting with different stemming lengths,and simulate the blasting process.It reveals that the velocity of the vibration due to blasting decreases rapidly in the near field and slowly in the far field.The values of site coefficient K and attenuation coefficient ? increase with the increase of the stemming length.The error of simulated and measured vibration vilocity is less than 15%.The bottom of stem cavity radius of models with different stemming lengths is almost equal;and the cavity radius is about three times for the charge radius.The optimal of stemming length is 15-20 cm in this experiment,non-stemming blasting has greater effect on the effective stress field at the upper blasthole but less effect on the effective stress field at the bottom under the same conditions.
The best valid breaking force on the rock mass is very weak,but the impeding force on the rock mass is quite strong under free-face blasting condition.Then blasthole stemming length has a great impact on the blasting vibration.Therefore,it is important to study the stemming length effects of single free-face blasting vibration characteristic.This paper carry out small scale experiment of single free-face blasting with different stemming lengths,and simulate the blasting process.It reveals that the velocity of the vibration due to blasting decreases rapidly in the near field and slowly in the far field.The values of site coefficient K and attenuation coefficient ? increase with the increase of the stemming length.The error of simulated and measured vibration vilocity is less than 15%.The bottom of stem cavity radius of models with different stemming lengths is almost equal;and the cavity radius is about three times for the charge radius.The optimal of stemming length is 15-20 cm in this experiment,non-stemming blasting has greater effect on the effective stress field at the upper blasthole but less effect on the effective stress field at the bottom under the same conditions.
引文
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[11]李洪涛,舒大强.爆破震动衰减规律的影响因素[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2005,38(1):79-82.LI Hong-tao,SHU Da-qiang.Influential factors analysisof blasting vibration attenuation law[J].EngineeringJournal of Wuhan University,2005,38(1):79-82.
[12]夏祥,李俊如,李海波,等.广东岭澳核电站爆破开挖岩体损伤特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2510-2516.XIA Xiang,LI Jun-ru,LI Hai-bo,et al.Study on damagecharacteristics of rock mass under blasting load inLing’ao nuclear power station,Guangdong province[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(12):2510-2516.
[13]夏祥,李海波,李俊如,等.岭澳核电站二期工程基岩爆破安全阈值分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(11):2945-2451,2956.XIA Xiang,LI Hai-bo,LI Jun-ru,et al.Research onvibration safety threshold for rock under blastingexcavation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(11):2945-2451,2956.
[14]郭文章,王树仁,张奇.节理岩体爆破的破裂规律分析[J].振动与冲击,1999,18(2):30-34.GUO Wen-zhang,WANG Shu-ren,ZHANG Qi.Analysisof crack of jointed rock mass by blasting[J].Journal ofVibration and Shock,1999,18(2):30-34.
[15]VUTUKURI V S,LAMA R D.Handbook on mechanicalproperties of rocks:testing techniques and results[M].Ohio:Trans Tech.Publications,1974.
[2]王廷武.地面与地下工程控制爆破[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1990.
[3]张奇.光面爆破炮孔堵塞长度及作用[J].矿业研究与开发,1989,9(3):38-42.ZHANG Qi.The stemming length of blasting and itseffect on smooth blasting[J].Mining Research andDevelopment,1989,9(3):38-42.
[4]喻长智,古德生,杜炜平,等.炮孔堵塞长度的计算[J].矿冶工程,1999,19(4):9-11.YU Chang-zhi,GU De-sheng,DU Wei-ping,et al.Acalculation of stem length of blasting hole[J].Miningand Metallurgical Engineering,1999,19(4):9-11.
[5]罗伟,朱传云,祝启虎.隧洞光面爆破中炮孔堵塞长度的数值分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(9):2487-2491.LUO Wei,ZHU Chuan-yun,ZHU Qi-hu.Numericalsimulation of stemming length in tunnel smoothblasting[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(9):2487-2491.
[6]王仲琦,张奇.单自由面垂直炮孔爆炸作用的数值模拟[J].工程爆破,2000,6(4):9-13.WANG Zhong-qi,ZHANG Qi.Numerical simulation onexplosion effect of charges in holes perpendicular to afree surface[J].Engineering Blasting,2000,6(4):9-13.
[7]张奇,杨永琦,王树仁,等.槽腔顶部爆破漏斗形成及作用[J].工程爆破,2000,6(1):21-24.ZHANG Qi,YANG Yong-qi,WANG Shu-ren,et al.Formation and function of blasting funnel at top of cutcavity[J].Engineering Blasting,2000,6(1):21-24.
[8]任宪仁.单自由面条件下延长药包爆破作用及数值模拟[D].武汉:武汉科技大学,2004.
[9]张雪亮,黄树棠.爆破地震效应[M].北京:地震出版社,1981.
[10]吕涛,石永强,黄诚,等.非线性回归法求解爆破振动速度衰减公式参数[J].岩土力学,2007,28(9):1871-1878.LüTao,SHI Yong-qiang,HUANG Cheng,et al.Study onattenuation parameters of blasting vibration by nonlinearregression analysis[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(9):1871-1878.
[11]李洪涛,舒大强.爆破震动衰减规律的影响因素[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2005,38(1):79-82.LI Hong-tao,SHU Da-qiang.Influential factors analysisof blasting vibration attenuation law[J].EngineeringJournal of Wuhan University,2005,38(1):79-82.
[12]夏祥,李俊如,李海波,等.广东岭澳核电站爆破开挖岩体损伤特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2510-2516.XIA Xiang,LI Jun-ru,LI Hai-bo,et al.Study on damagecharacteristics of rock mass under blasting load inLing’ao nuclear power station,Guangdong province[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(12):2510-2516.
[13]夏祥,李海波,李俊如,等.岭澳核电站二期工程基岩爆破安全阈值分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(11):2945-2451,2956.XIA Xiang,LI Hai-bo,LI Jun-ru,et al.Research onvibration safety threshold for rock under blastingexcavation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(11):2945-2451,2956.
[14]郭文章,王树仁,张奇.节理岩体爆破的破裂规律分析[J].振动与冲击,1999,18(2):30-34.GUO Wen-zhang,WANG Shu-ren,ZHANG Qi.Analysisof crack of jointed rock mass by blasting[J].Journal ofVibration and Shock,1999,18(2):30-34.
[15]VUTUKURI V S,LAMA R D.Handbook on mechanicalproperties of rocks:testing techniques and results[M].Ohio:Trans Tech.Publications,1974.
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