地质-地震储层预测技术及其在渤海海域的应用
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摘要
利用地震进行储层预测是石油勘探的必要和必须技术,对高风险、高投入、钻井少的海上油气勘探来说具有更为重要的意义。地质-地震储层预测技术的核心是地震和地质的紧密结合。与勘探进程上由构造油气藏向隐蔽油气藏勘探转变相适应,地震-地质结合也必须由宏观、描述、类比层次向精细、成因、动态层次延伸,注重由分析不同沉积相带砂泥岩波阻抗关系出发,通过建立正演模型来确定不同地震属性的地质意义;注重将不同体系域地震反射特征的变化与A/S比值、现代三角洲类型联系起来,从而通过地震剖面及其平面特征刻画不同体系域砂体特征,为寻找不同类型隐蔽圈闭指明方向。储层预测从层序地层学应用到地震沉积学充分体现了地震与地质结合的两个层次。地质-地震储层预测技术为渤海海域近年来探明的储量快速增长做出了巨大的贡献,同时也促进了沉积储层研究的发展。
It is necessary and important to use seismic data to predict reservoir in oil and gas exploration,especially for offshore exploration characterized by high investment,high risk and small number of drilled wells.The core of geology-seismic technique of reservoir prediction is close combination of geology and seismic technology,which has experienced two steps from step of frame,description and analogy to that of precision,genesis and dynamics,corresponding to the exploration from structural hydrocarbon reservoir to subtle hydrocarbon reservoir.In the second step,emphasis must be basically paid on the acoustic impedance difference of mudstone and sandstone in different facies,and the further forward modeling to ascertain geological significance of various seismic attributes.Emphasis must also be paid on relationships among seismic characteristics of different stratigraphy tracts,A/S ratio and different types of modern deltas.Therefore,sand body characteristics can be accurately described through section and plane characteristics of seismic profiles with clue to find subtle trap.The application of stratigraphy to seismic sedimentology embodies the two steps of geology-seismic technique,which contributes a lot to fast increasing of reserve of Bohai in recent years,and also improves the study of sedimentology and reservoir.
It is necessary and important to use seismic data to predict reservoir in oil and gas exploration,especially for offshore exploration characterized by high investment,high risk and small number of drilled wells.The core of geology-seismic technique of reservoir prediction is close combination of geology and seismic technology,which has experienced two steps from step of frame,description and analogy to that of precision,genesis and dynamics,corresponding to the exploration from structural hydrocarbon reservoir to subtle hydrocarbon reservoir.In the second step,emphasis must be basically paid on the acoustic impedance difference of mudstone and sandstone in different facies,and the further forward modeling to ascertain geological significance of various seismic attributes.Emphasis must also be paid on relationships among seismic characteristics of different stratigraphy tracts,A/S ratio and different types of modern deltas.Therefore,sand body characteristics can be accurately described through section and plane characteristics of seismic profiles with clue to find subtle trap.The application of stratigraphy to seismic sedimentology embodies the two steps of geology-seismic technique,which contributes a lot to fast increasing of reserve of Bohai in recent years,and also improves the study of sedimentology and reservoir.
引文
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[3]林畅松,潘元林.“构造坡折带”——断陷盆地层序分析和油气预测的重要概念[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2000,25(3):260-266.
[4]隋风贵,郭玉新,王宝言,等.东营凹陷深陷期构造坡折带与低位扇序列[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(2):63-67.
[5]邓宏文,郭建宇,王瑞菊,等.陆相断陷盆地的构造层序地层分析[J].地学前缘,2008,15(2):1-7.
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[7]肖焕钦,孟宪波,陈宝宁,等.济阳坳陷陡坡带断裂控砂模式[J].油气地质与采收率,2002,9(5):20-22.
[8]Nikee J Young,Rob L Gawthorpe,Ian R Sharp.Sedimentologyand sequence stratigraphy of a transfer zone coarse-grained delta,Miocene Suez rift[J].Egypt Sedimentology,2000,47(6):1081-1104.
[9]Morl C K,Nelson R A,Patton TL.Transfer zones in east Afri-can rift system and their relevance to hydrocarbon exploration inrifts[J].AAPG Bulletin,1990,74:1234-1253.
[10]邓宏文,王红亮,王敦则.古地貌对陆相裂谷盆地层序充填特征的控制[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(4):293-303.
[11]徐长贵.渤海古近系坡折带成因类型及其对沉积体系的控制作用[J].中国海上油气,2006,18(6):365-371.
[12]赖维成,徐长贵,于水,等.渤海海域地质-地球物理储层预测技术及其应用[J].中国海上油气,2006,18(4):217-222.
[13]朱伟林,米立军,高乐,等.2007年中国近海油气勘探回顾[J].中国海上油气,2008,20(1):1-8.
[14]赖维成,滕玉波,加东辉,等.渤海海域隐蔽油气藏勘探的思考——以427构造带为例[J].中国海上油气,2007,19(2):73-78.
[15]David W Houseknecht.Assessing the relative importance of com-paction processes and cementation to reduction of porosity in sand-stones[J].AAPG Bulletin,1987,71(6):633-642.
[16]于兴河.碎屑岩系油气储层沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002:211-217.
[17]Cross TA.Stratigraphic controls on reservoir attributes in conti-nental strata[J].地学前缘,2000,7(4):322-350.
[18]Alistair R Brown.Interpretation of Three-Dimensional SeismicData[M].6th ed.Tulsa,Oklahoma:The American Associa-tion of Petroleum Geologists and the Society of Exploration Geo-physicists,2004:199-212.
[19]邓宏文,王红亮.沉积物体积分配原理——高分辨率层序地层学的理论基础[J].地学前缘,2000,7(4):305-313.
[2]徐长贵,赖维成,薛永安,等.古地貌分析在渤海古近系储层预测中的应用[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(5):53-56.
[3]林畅松,潘元林.“构造坡折带”——断陷盆地层序分析和油气预测的重要概念[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,2000,25(3):260-266.
[4]隋风贵,郭玉新,王宝言,等.东营凹陷深陷期构造坡折带与低位扇序列[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(2):63-67.
[5]邓宏文,郭建宇,王瑞菊,等.陆相断陷盆地的构造层序地层分析[J].地学前缘,2008,15(2):1-7.
[6]程日辉,王璞珺,刘万洙.构造断阶对沉积的控制:来自地震、测井和露头的实例[J].沉积学报,2003,21(2):255-259.
[7]肖焕钦,孟宪波,陈宝宁,等.济阳坳陷陡坡带断裂控砂模式[J].油气地质与采收率,2002,9(5):20-22.
[8]Nikee J Young,Rob L Gawthorpe,Ian R Sharp.Sedimentologyand sequence stratigraphy of a transfer zone coarse-grained delta,Miocene Suez rift[J].Egypt Sedimentology,2000,47(6):1081-1104.
[9]Morl C K,Nelson R A,Patton TL.Transfer zones in east Afri-can rift system and their relevance to hydrocarbon exploration inrifts[J].AAPG Bulletin,1990,74:1234-1253.
[10]邓宏文,王红亮,王敦则.古地貌对陆相裂谷盆地层序充填特征的控制[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(4):293-303.
[11]徐长贵.渤海古近系坡折带成因类型及其对沉积体系的控制作用[J].中国海上油气,2006,18(6):365-371.
[12]赖维成,徐长贵,于水,等.渤海海域地质-地球物理储层预测技术及其应用[J].中国海上油气,2006,18(4):217-222.
[13]朱伟林,米立军,高乐,等.2007年中国近海油气勘探回顾[J].中国海上油气,2008,20(1):1-8.
[14]赖维成,滕玉波,加东辉,等.渤海海域隐蔽油气藏勘探的思考——以427构造带为例[J].中国海上油气,2007,19(2):73-78.
[15]David W Houseknecht.Assessing the relative importance of com-paction processes and cementation to reduction of porosity in sand-stones[J].AAPG Bulletin,1987,71(6):633-642.
[16]于兴河.碎屑岩系油气储层沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002:211-217.
[17]Cross TA.Stratigraphic controls on reservoir attributes in conti-nental strata[J].地学前缘,2000,7(4):322-350.
[18]Alistair R Brown.Interpretation of Three-Dimensional SeismicData[M].6th ed.Tulsa,Oklahoma:The American Associa-tion of Petroleum Geologists and the Society of Exploration Geo-physicists,2004:199-212.
[19]邓宏文,王红亮.沉积物体积分配原理——高分辨率层序地层学的理论基础[J].地学前缘,2000,7(4):305-313.
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