倾斜煤层底板破坏特征的微震监测
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摘要
带压开采是承压水上采煤的主要方法,底板采动破坏深度的确定是实现带压开采的关键和前提。针对底板采动破坏深度现场测量方法的局限性,特别是倾斜煤层(煤层倾角在25°～45°之间)底板采动破坏深度的现场测量。以桃园煤矿1066工作面为例,利用高精度微震监测技术,对承压水上倾斜煤层底板的采动破坏特征进行了连续的、动态监测。监测结果表明:(1)工作面运输巷(下顺槽)附近的底板比工作面回风巷(上顺槽)附近的底板破坏深度更深,破坏范围更大;(2)倾斜煤层工作面底板破坏形态整体呈现为一个下大上小的非对称形态。根据微震监测结果,确定了1066工作面回风巷和运输巷附近底板的最大破坏深度,划分了倾斜煤层工作面底板突水危险区域。将微震监测的倾斜煤层底板破坏深度与经验公式计算的底板破坏深度进行了对比,指出了经验公式存在的不足。
"Mining above aquifer",as the main method to explore coal seams above confined aquifer,in which the determination of coal seam floor failure depth is the key factor and precondition.Taking the 1066 workface of Taoyuan Coal Mine for example,the high-precision microseismic monitoring technique is used to monitor the continuous and dynamic failure characteristics of an inclined coal seam floor above a confined aquifer,which can overcome the limitation of traditional method in field measurement of floor failure depth,especially for the failure depth of an inclined coal seam floor(the inclined angle of coal seam is between 25°and 45°).The monitoring results show that:(1) compared to the coal seam floor nearby the workface return airway(upper crossheading),the failure depth of coal seam floor nearby the workface conveyance roadway(lower crossheading) is deeper,with wider failure zone.(2) from the whole aspect,the failure zone of the inclined coal seam workface floor presents an asymmetric form.According to the results of microseismic monitoring,the maximum failure depth of the coal seam floor nearby the workface return airway and the workface conveyance roadway as well as the dangerous area of water-inrush from floor are determined.Finally,the floor failure depth determined by microseismic monitoring is compared with the failure depth calculated by the empirical formula;some existing deficiency of the empirical formula for calculating the floor failure depth are pointed out.
"Mining above aquifer",as the main method to explore coal seams above confined aquifer,in which the determination of coal seam floor failure depth is the key factor and precondition.Taking the 1066 workface of Taoyuan Coal Mine for example,the high-precision microseismic monitoring technique is used to monitor the continuous and dynamic failure characteristics of an inclined coal seam floor above a confined aquifer,which can overcome the limitation of traditional method in field measurement of floor failure depth,especially for the failure depth of an inclined coal seam floor(the inclined angle of coal seam is between 25°and 45°).The monitoring results show that:(1) compared to the coal seam floor nearby the workface return airway(upper crossheading),the failure depth of coal seam floor nearby the workface conveyance roadway(lower crossheading) is deeper,with wider failure zone.(2) from the whole aspect,the failure zone of the inclined coal seam workface floor presents an asymmetric form.According to the results of microseismic monitoring,the maximum failure depth of the coal seam floor nearby the workface return airway and the workface conveyance roadway as well as the dangerous area of water-inrush from floor are determined.Finally,the floor failure depth determined by microseismic monitoring is compared with the failure depth calculated by the empirical formula;some existing deficiency of the empirical formula for calculating the floor failure depth are pointed out.
引文
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[11]左宇军,李术才,秦泗凤,等.动力扰动诱发承压水底板关键层失稳的突变理论研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(8):2361-2366.ZUO Yu-jun,LI Shu-cai,QIN Si-feng,et al.A catastrophe model for floor water-resisting key stratum instability induced by dynamic disturbance[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(8):2361-2366.
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[13]王经明.承压水沿底板递进导升机制的模拟与观测[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(5):546-549.WANG Jing-ming.In-situ measurement and physical analogue on water inrush from coal floor induced by progressive intrusion of artesian water into protective aquiclude[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engi-neering,1999,21(5):546-549.
[14]王经明.承压水沿煤层底板递进导升突水机制的物探法研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,1999,27(6):40-43.WANG Jing-ming.Physical investigation on water inrush from coal floor induced by pressure water progressive up into protective aquiclude[J].Coal Geology&Explora-tion,1999,27(6):40-43.
[15]WANG Lian-guo,ZHANG Zhi-kang,LU Ying-long,et al.Combined ANN prediction model for failure depth of coal seam floors[J].Mining Science and Technology,2009,19(5):684-688.
[16]张红日,张文泉,温兴林,等.矿井底板采动破坏特征连续观测的工程设计与实践[J].矿业研究与开发,2000,20(4):1-4.ZHANG Hong-ri,ZHANG Wen-quan,WEN Xing-lin,et al.The design of continuous observation work on mining failure feature in the floor of mine and its practice[J].Mining Research&Development,2000,20(4):1-4.
[17]张文泉,张红日,徐方军,等.大采深倾斜薄煤层底板采动破坏形态的连续探测[J].煤田地质与勘探,2000,28(2):39-42.ZHANG Wen-quan,ZHANG Hong-ri,XU Fang-jun,et al.Continuous exploration for the mining failure from of the incline and thin coal seam’s floor under high depth[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2000,28(2):39-42.
[18]张文泉,李加祥,温兴林.缓倾斜煤层底板采动破坏深度与回采参数关系的研究[J].山东矿业学院学报,1993,12(1):45-49.ZHANG Wen-quan,LI Jia-xiang,WEN Xing-lin.Research on the relationship between the mining parameters and the broken depth of the floor of gently-inclined seams[J].Journal of Shandong Institute of Mining&Technology,1993,12(1):45-49.
[19]付继武,姜增平.浅析缓倾斜煤层底板采动破坏深度与回采参数关系[J].煤炭技术,2003,22(2):34-36.FU Ji-wu,JIANG Zeng-ping.Talking about relationship between the destruction depth of floor mining at flatly inclined seam and actual mining parameters[J].Coal Technology,2003,22(2):34-36.
[20]姜福兴,XUN Luo,杨淑华.采场覆岩空间破裂与采动应力场的微震探测研究[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(1):23-25.JIANG Fu-xing,XUN Luo,YANG Shu-hua.Microseismic monitoring study on spatial structure of overlying strata and mining pressure field in longwall face[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2003,25(1):23-25.
[21]姜福兴,XUN Luo.微震监测技术在矿井岩层破裂监测中的应用[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(2):147-149.JIANG Fu-xing,XUN Luo.Application of microseismic monitoring technology of strata fracturing in underground coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(2):147-149.
[22]姜福兴,杨淑华,XUN Luo.微地震监测揭示的采场围岩空间破裂形态[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(4)):357-360.JIANG Fu-xing,YANG Shu-hua,XUN Luo.Spatial fracturing progresses of surrounding rock masses in longwall face monitored by microseismic monitoring techniques[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2003,28(4):357-360.
[23]姜福兴,叶根喜,王存文,等.高精度微震监测技术在煤矿突水监测中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1932-1938.JIANG Fu-xing,YE Gen-xi,WANG Cun-wen,et al.Application of high-precision microseismic monitoring technique to water inrush monitoring in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1932-1938.
[24]芦东平,潘一山.矿山微震监测结果可视化[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2008,27(增):107-109.LU Dong-ping,PAN Yi-shan.Visualization of micro-seismic monitoring results of mine[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University(Natural Science),2008,27(Supp.):107-109.
[25]李全晓,姜福兴,王存文,等.微震监测结果在矿图上的定位合成及应用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2007,24(2):165-168.LI Quan-xiao,JIANG Fu-xing WANG Cun-wen,et al.Location synthesis of micro-seismic monitoring results on mining map and its application[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2007,24(2):165-168.
[26]逄焕东,姜福兴,张兴民.微地震的线性方程定位求解及其病态处理[J].岩土力学,2004,25(增):60-62.PANG Huan-dong,JIANG Fu-xing,ZHANG Xing-min.Study on nonhomogeneous material’s AE by image processing method[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(Supp.):60-62.
[27]李会义,姜福兴,杨淑华.基于Matlab的岩层微地震破裂定位求解及其应用[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(2):154-158.LI Hui-yi,JIANG Fu-xing,YANG Shu-hua.Research and application of microseismic monitoring location of strata fracturing based on Matlab[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2006,31(2):154-158.
[28]刘波,韩彦辉.FLAC原理、实例与应用指南[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005.
[29]张文泉,杨传国,姜培旺,等.矿井水害预防与治理[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2008.
[2]赵阳升,胡耀青.承压水上采煤理论与技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2004.
[3]杨天鸿,唐春安,谭志宏,等.岩体破坏突水模型研究现状及突水预测预报研究发展趋势[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(2):268-277.YANG Tian-hong,TANG Chun-an,TAN Zhi-hong,et al.State of the art of inrush models in rock mass failure and developing trend for prediction and forecast of groundwater inrush[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(2):268-277.
[4]李白英.预防矿井底板突水的“下三带”理论及其发展与应用[J].山东矿业学院学报,1999,18(4):11-18.LI Bai-ying.“Down Three Zones”in the prediction of water inrush from coalbed floor aquifer:Theory,development and application[J].Journal of Shandong Institute of Mining&Technology,1999,18(4):17-23.
[5]施龙青.底板突水机制研究综述[J].山东科技大学学报,2009,28(3):17-23.SHI Long-qing.Summary of research on mechanism of water-inrush from coal seam floor[J].Journal of Shandong University of Science&Technology,2009,28(3):17-23.
[6]王作宇,刘鸿泉.承压水上采煤[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1992.
[7]王作宇,刘鸿泉,王培彝,等.承压水上采煤学科理论与实践[J].煤炭学报,1994,19(1):40-48.WANG Zuo-yu,LIU Hong-quan,WANG Pei-yi,et al.Theory and practice of coal mining discipline on confined water[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1994,19(1):40-48.
[8]雷文杰,汪国华,薛晓晓.有限元强度折减法在煤层底板破坏中的应用[J].岩土力学,2011,32(1):299-303.LEI Wen-jie,WANG Guo-hua,XUE Xiao-xiao.Application of finite element strength reduction method to destruction in coal seam floor[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(1):299-303.
[9]张金才,张玉卓,刘天泉.岩体渗流与煤层底板突水[M].北京:地质出版社.1997.
[10]张金才,刘天泉.论煤层底板采动裂隙带的深度及分布特征[J].煤炭学报,1990,15(1):46-54.ZHANG Jin-cai,LIU Tian-quan.On depth of fissured zone in seam floor resulted from coal extraction and its distribution characteristics[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1990,15(2):46-55.
[11]左宇军,李术才,秦泗凤,等.动力扰动诱发承压水底板关键层失稳的突变理论研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(8):2361-2366.ZUO Yu-jun,LI Shu-cai,QIN Si-feng,et al.A catastrophe model for floor water-resisting key stratum instability induced by dynamic disturbance[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(8):2361-2366.
[12]田干.煤层底板隔水层阻抗高压水侵入机制研究[硕士学位论文D].西安:煤炭科学研究总院西安分院,2005.
[13]王经明.承压水沿底板递进导升机制的模拟与观测[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(5):546-549.WANG Jing-ming.In-situ measurement and physical analogue on water inrush from coal floor induced by progressive intrusion of artesian water into protective aquiclude[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engi-neering,1999,21(5):546-549.
[14]王经明.承压水沿煤层底板递进导升突水机制的物探法研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,1999,27(6):40-43.WANG Jing-ming.Physical investigation on water inrush from coal floor induced by pressure water progressive up into protective aquiclude[J].Coal Geology&Explora-tion,1999,27(6):40-43.
[15]WANG Lian-guo,ZHANG Zhi-kang,LU Ying-long,et al.Combined ANN prediction model for failure depth of coal seam floors[J].Mining Science and Technology,2009,19(5):684-688.
[16]张红日,张文泉,温兴林,等.矿井底板采动破坏特征连续观测的工程设计与实践[J].矿业研究与开发,2000,20(4):1-4.ZHANG Hong-ri,ZHANG Wen-quan,WEN Xing-lin,et al.The design of continuous observation work on mining failure feature in the floor of mine and its practice[J].Mining Research&Development,2000,20(4):1-4.
[17]张文泉,张红日,徐方军,等.大采深倾斜薄煤层底板采动破坏形态的连续探测[J].煤田地质与勘探,2000,28(2):39-42.ZHANG Wen-quan,ZHANG Hong-ri,XU Fang-jun,et al.Continuous exploration for the mining failure from of the incline and thin coal seam’s floor under high depth[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2000,28(2):39-42.
[18]张文泉,李加祥,温兴林.缓倾斜煤层底板采动破坏深度与回采参数关系的研究[J].山东矿业学院学报,1993,12(1):45-49.ZHANG Wen-quan,LI Jia-xiang,WEN Xing-lin.Research on the relationship between the mining parameters and the broken depth of the floor of gently-inclined seams[J].Journal of Shandong Institute of Mining&Technology,1993,12(1):45-49.
[19]付继武,姜增平.浅析缓倾斜煤层底板采动破坏深度与回采参数关系[J].煤炭技术,2003,22(2):34-36.FU Ji-wu,JIANG Zeng-ping.Talking about relationship between the destruction depth of floor mining at flatly inclined seam and actual mining parameters[J].Coal Technology,2003,22(2):34-36.
[20]姜福兴,XUN Luo,杨淑华.采场覆岩空间破裂与采动应力场的微震探测研究[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(1):23-25.JIANG Fu-xing,XUN Luo,YANG Shu-hua.Microseismic monitoring study on spatial structure of overlying strata and mining pressure field in longwall face[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2003,25(1):23-25.
[21]姜福兴,XUN Luo.微震监测技术在矿井岩层破裂监测中的应用[J].岩土工程学报,2002,24(2):147-149.JIANG Fu-xing,XUN Luo.Application of microseismic monitoring technology of strata fracturing in underground coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2002,24(2):147-149.
[22]姜福兴,杨淑华,XUN Luo.微地震监测揭示的采场围岩空间破裂形态[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(4)):357-360.JIANG Fu-xing,YANG Shu-hua,XUN Luo.Spatial fracturing progresses of surrounding rock masses in longwall face monitored by microseismic monitoring techniques[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2003,28(4):357-360.
[23]姜福兴,叶根喜,王存文,等.高精度微震监测技术在煤矿突水监测中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1932-1938.JIANG Fu-xing,YE Gen-xi,WANG Cun-wen,et al.Application of high-precision microseismic monitoring technique to water inrush monitoring in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1932-1938.
[24]芦东平,潘一山.矿山微震监测结果可视化[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2008,27(增):107-109.LU Dong-ping,PAN Yi-shan.Visualization of micro-seismic monitoring results of mine[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University(Natural Science),2008,27(Supp.):107-109.
[25]李全晓,姜福兴,王存文,等.微震监测结果在矿图上的定位合成及应用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2007,24(2):165-168.LI Quan-xiao,JIANG Fu-xing WANG Cun-wen,et al.Location synthesis of micro-seismic monitoring results on mining map and its application[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2007,24(2):165-168.
[26]逄焕东,姜福兴,张兴民.微地震的线性方程定位求解及其病态处理[J].岩土力学,2004,25(增):60-62.PANG Huan-dong,JIANG Fu-xing,ZHANG Xing-min.Study on nonhomogeneous material’s AE by image processing method[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(Supp.):60-62.
[27]李会义,姜福兴,杨淑华.基于Matlab的岩层微地震破裂定位求解及其应用[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(2):154-158.LI Hui-yi,JIANG Fu-xing,YANG Shu-hua.Research and application of microseismic monitoring location of strata fracturing based on Matlab[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2006,31(2):154-158.
[28]刘波,韩彦辉.FLAC原理、实例与应用指南[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005.
[29]张文泉,杨传国,姜培旺,等.矿井水害预防与治理[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2008.
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