遗传算法在单层球壳动力响应优化中的应用
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摘要
针对标准遗传算法存在局部搜索能力不强、后期收敛速度放慢等缺陷,对遗传算法的杂交算子和变异算子采用自适应策略,同时引入基于预选择机制的小生境技术,提出一种小生境遗传算法(ANGA).以70m跨单层球壳为研究对象,将ANSYS非线性动力响应分析与ANGA算法相结合进行倒塌模式优化.分别以结构在某级水平的地震作用下结点动位移的最大值和结构最大结点动位移的给定区间为优化目标,对球壳进行全局优化和局部优化(径向杆件不变,只优化环向杆件和斜向杆件).结果表明,优化后的球壳可以避免出现无征兆的动力失稳,说明该算法可以有效解决优化变量繁多的大中型网壳结构动力响应优化问题.
The standard genetic algorithm(GA) has the limitation of local convergence and slow convergence speed in the anaphase.An adaptive niche genetic algorithm(ANGA) is put forward by introducing an adaptive strategy to crossover operator and mutation operator and using a niche techique with pre-selection mechanism.An optimum analysis of collapse mode of 70 m single-layer latticed dome is carried out by combining nonlinear dynamic response analysis ANSYS and the ANGA.The maximum value of node dynamic displacement and a specified region of the maximum node displacement under a certain level earthquake excitation are considered as two optimization objectives,and global optimization and local optimization for reticulated shells are made(the section areas of members in radial direction keep invariant,while the others are adjusted).Results show that dynamic instability of latticed dome can be avoided after optimization.Thus,the ANGA can be used to solve dynamic response optimal problem of large and medium reticulated dome with several optimum variables.
The standard genetic algorithm(GA) has the limitation of local convergence and slow convergence speed in the anaphase.An adaptive niche genetic algorithm(ANGA) is put forward by introducing an adaptive strategy to crossover operator and mutation operator and using a niche techique with pre-selection mechanism.An optimum analysis of collapse mode of 70 m single-layer latticed dome is carried out by combining nonlinear dynamic response analysis ANSYS and the ANGA.The maximum value of node dynamic displacement and a specified region of the maximum node displacement under a certain level earthquake excitation are considered as two optimization objectives,and global optimization and local optimization for reticulated shells are made(the section areas of members in radial direction keep invariant,while the others are adjusted).Results show that dynamic instability of latticed dome can be avoided after optimization.Thus,the ANGA can be used to solve dynamic response optimal problem of large and medium reticulated dome with several optimum variables.
引文
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[2]Kapoor M P,Kumarasamy K.Optimum configurationof transmission towers in dynamic response regime[C]//Proceedings of International Symposium on Opti-mum Structural Design.Tucson,AZ,USA,1981:73-82.
[3]Pantelides C P,Tzan S R.Optimal design of dynami-cally constrained structures[J].Computers and Struc-tures,1997,62(1):141-150.
[4]顾元宪,马红艳,姜成,等.海洋平台结构动力响应优化与灵敏度分析[J].海洋工程,2001,19(1):7-13.Gu Yuanxian,Ma Hongyan,Jiang Cheng,et al.Designoptimization and sensitivity analysis of dynamic responseof offshore platform structures[J].The Ocean Engi-neering,2001,19(1):7-13.(in Chinese)
[5]燕乐纬,蹇开林,黄晓刚.基于广义遗传算法的结构动力响应优化[J].工程力学,2008,25(7):57-65.Yan Lewei,Jian Kailin,Huang Xiaogang.Dynamic re-sponse optimization based on generalized genetic algo-rithm[J].Engineering Mechanics,2008,25(7):57-65.(in Chinese)
[6]刘齐茂,燕柳斌.强震作用下框架结构的优化设计[J].西北地震学报,2008,30(2):107-112.Liu Qimao,Yan Liubin.An optimal design method forspacial frame structures under severe earthquake loading[J].Northwestern Seismological Journal,2008,30(2):107-112.(in Chinese)
[7]Davis L D.Handbook of genetic algorithms[M].NewYork:Van Nostrand Reinhold,1991.
[8]Goldberg D.Genetic algorithms in search,optimiza-tion,and machine learning[M].New York:Addison-Wesley,1989.
[9]Goldberg D E,Samtani M P.Engineering optimizationvia genetic algorithms[C]//Proceedings of the9thConference on Electronic Computation.New York,1986:156-169.
[10]Holland J H.Adaptation in natural and artificia1sys-tems[M].Cambridge:The Press of University ofMichigan and MIT,1989.
[11]王小平,曹立明.遗传算法——理论、应用与软件实现[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社,2002.
[12]Srinivas M,Patnaik L M.Adaptive probabilities ofcrossover and mutation in GA[J].IEEE Transactionson SMC,1994,24(4):656-667.
[13]Deb K,Goldberg D E.An investigation of niche andspecies formation in genetic function optimization[C]//Proceedings of the Third ICGA.San Francisco,CA,USA:Morgan Kaufmann,1989:25-33.
[14]Goldberg D E,Richardson J.Genetic algorithms withsharing for multimodal function optimization[C]//Proceeding of the Second International Conference onGenetic Algorithms.New York,1987:108-117.
[15]Cavichio D J.Adaptive search using simulated evolu-tion[D].Ann Arbor,MI,USA:University of Michi-gan,1970.
[16]江季松.基于遗传算法的单层球壳优化理论研究[D].南京:东南大学土木工程学院,2009.
[17]苑宏宇,叶继红,沈世钊,等.单层球面网壳的最不利地震作用分析[J].铁道工程与工程学报,2006,3(3):88-92.Yuan Hongyu,Ye Jihong,Shen Shizhao,et al.Themost unfavorable earthquake excitations of single-layerspherical shell[J].Journal of Railway Science andEngineering,2006,3(3):88-92.(in Chinese)
[18]玄光勇(日),程润伟.遗传算法与工程设计[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[19]孙仁范,牟在根,颜谋,等.遗传算法在桁架结构优化设计中的应用[J].建筑结构学报,2004,25(3):75-79.Sun Renfan,Mu Zaigen,Yan Mou,et al.Applicationof genetic algorithms in optimums design of truss struc-tures[J].Journal of Building Structures,2004,25(3):75-79.(in Chinese)
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