地震叠前逆时偏移的有效边界存储策略
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摘要
基于双程波动方程的逆时偏移被认为是目前最好的偏移成像技术,更适合于复杂构造成像.然而,大计算量和大存储量使得逆时偏移的计算成本很高而无法用于大数据量的地震成像.本文分析了目前常用的存储策略,并分别在空间和时间上对存储策略进行了研究:空间上,根据有限差分格式,在边界存储策略的基础上通过修改波场逆向传播的边界条件,提出了有效边界存储策略.该策略可在不增加任何计算量的情况下大幅降低逆时偏移对存储量的需求;在时间上,使用checkpointing技术对有效边界存储策略进行了改进,使叠前逆时偏移在增加少量计算量的情况下进一步降低存储量需求.Marmousi模型测试结果表明了有效边界存储策略的有效性和优越性.
Reverse time migration(RTM),base on two-way wave equation,is regarded as the best migration method to image complex structures.Thus,because of large computation and memory,RTM cannot be used for large seismic data.This paper analyzes the commonly used storage strategies,and improves based on space and time: from the aspect of space,according to difference scheme,by modifying the boundary conditions of backward propagating,proposed efficient boundaries storage strategy based on boundary storage strategy,which can substantially reduce the storage needs of RTM without additional computation;from the aspect of time,improve the efficient boundaries storage strategy by using the checkpointing approach,by which the storage needs can be further reduced with only a few additional computation.Finally,a model test of 2D RTM is done to show the effectiveness and advantages of this new strategy.
Reverse time migration(RTM),base on two-way wave equation,is regarded as the best migration method to image complex structures.Thus,because of large computation and memory,RTM cannot be used for large seismic data.This paper analyzes the commonly used storage strategies,and improves based on space and time: from the aspect of space,according to difference scheme,by modifying the boundary conditions of backward propagating,proposed efficient boundaries storage strategy based on boundary storage strategy,which can substantially reduce the storage needs of RTM without additional computation;from the aspect of time,improve the efficient boundaries storage strategy by using the checkpointing approach,by which the storage needs can be further reduced with only a few additional computation.Finally,a model test of 2D RTM is done to show the effectiveness and advantages of this new strategy.
引文
[1]Whitmore N D.Iterative depth migration by backward timepropagation.53rd Annual International Meeting,SEG ExpandedAbstracts,1983,827-830.
[2]Edip Baysal,Dan D Kosloff,and John W C Sherwood.Reverse time migration.Geophysics,1983,48(11):1514-1524.
[3]张美根,王妙月.各向异性弹性波有限元叠前逆时偏移.地球物理学报,2001,44(5):711-719.Zhang M G,Wang M Y.Prestack finte element reverse-timemigration for anisotropic elastic waves.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2001,44(5):711-719.
[4]Kwangjin Yoon,Changsoo Shin,Soonduk Hong.3Dreverse-time migration using acoustic wave equation.An experiencewith the SEG/EAGE data set.The Leading Edge,2003,22:38-41.
[5]Kwangjin Yoon,Kurt J Marfurt and William Starr.Challenges in reverse-time migration.74th Annual InternationalMeeting,SEG Expanded Abstracts,2003,1057-1060.
[6]J Bee Bednar,Chris J Bednar C J,and Changsoo Shin.Two-way versus one-way:A case study style comparison.76thAnnual International Meeting,SEG Expanded Abstracts,2006,2343-2347.
[7]Zhang Yu,and James Sun.Practical issues of reverse timemigration:True amplitude.gathers,noise removal andharmonic-source encoding.First Break,2009,27(1):53-60.
[8]Liu Faqi,Zhang Guanquan,Scott A Morton,et al.Reversetime migration using one way wavefield imaging condition.77rd Annual International Meeting,SEG Expanded Abstracts,2007,26(1).2170-2174.
[9]Liu Faqi,Zhang Guanquan,Scott A Morton,and Jacques P.Leveille.An effective imaging condition for reverse-timemigration using wavefield decomposition.Geophysics,2011,76(1):S29-S39.
[10]刘红伟,李博,刘洪等.地震叠前逆时偏移高阶有限差分算法及GPU实现.地球物理学报,2010,53(7):1725-1733.Liu H W,Li B,Liu H,et al.The algorithm of high orderfinite difference pre-stack reverse time migration and GPUimplementation.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(7):1725-1733.
[11]刘红伟,刘洪,邹振等.地震叠前逆时偏移中的去噪与存储.地球物理学报,2010,53(9):2171-2180.Liu H W,Liu H,Zou Z,et al.The problems of denoise andstorage in seismic reverse time migration.Chinese JournalGeophysics,2010,V53(9):2171-2180.
[12]李博,刘红伟,刘国峰等.地震叠前逆时偏移算法的CPU/GPU实施对策.地球物理学报,2010,53(12):2938-2943.Li B,Liu H W,Liu G F,et al.Computational strategy ofseismic pre-stack reverse time migration on CPU/GPU.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(12):2938-2943.
[13]刘洪,佟小龙,刘钦等.油气地震勘探数据处理GPU/CPU协同并行计算技术.北京:石油工业出版社,2010.Liu H,Tong X L,Liu Q,et al.GPU/CPU CoprocessingParallel Computation for Seismic Uata Processing in Oil andGas Exploration.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2010.
[14]李博,刘国峰,刘洪.地震叠前时间偏移的一种图形处理器提速实现方法.地球物理学报,2009,52(1):245-252.Li B,Liu G F,Liu H.A method of using GPU to acceleratepre-stack time migration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(1):245-252.
[15]William W Symes.Reverse time migration with optimalcheckpointing.Geophysics,2007,72(5):SM213-SM221.
[16]Eric Dussaud,William W Symes,Paul Williamson,et al.Computational strategies for reverse-time migration.78rdAnnual International Meeting,SEG Expanded Abstracts,2008,27:2267-2271.
[17]Robert G Clapp.Reverse time migration:Saving theboundaries.2008,136:136-144.
[18]Robert G Clapp.Reverse time migration with randomboundaries.79rd Annual International Meeting,SEG ExpandedAbstracts,2009,28:2809-2813.
[19]董良国,马在田,曹景忠等.一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法.地球物理学报,2000,43(3):411-419.Dong L G,Ma Z T,Cao J Z,et al.A staggered-grid high-order difference method of one-order elastic wave equation.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2000,43(3):411-419.
[20]董良国,马在田,曹景忠等.一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法稳定性研究.地球物理学报,2000,43(6):856-864.Dong L G,Ma Z T,Cao J Z,et al.A study on stability of thestaggered grid high order difference method of first orderelastic wave equation.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2000,43(6):856-864.
[21]黄超,董良国.可变网格与局部时间步长的交错网格高阶差分弹性波模拟.地球物理学报,2009,52(11):2870-2878.Huang C,Dong L G.Staggered-grid high-order finite-difference method in elastic wave simulation with variablegrids and local time-steps.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(11):2870-2878.
[22]Dimitri Komatitsch and Roland Martin.An unsplitconvolutional perfectly matched layer improved at grazingincidence for the seismic wave equation.Geophysics,2007,72(5):SM155-SM167.
[23]孙林洁,印兴耀.基于PML边界条件的高倍可变网格有限差分数值模拟方法.地球物理学报,2011,54(6):1614-1623.Sun L J,Yin X Y.A finite difference scheme based on PMLboundary condition with high power grid step variation.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(6):1614-1623.
[24]陈可洋.完全匹配层吸收边界条件研究.石油物探,2010,49(5):472-477.Chen K Y.Study on perfectly matched layer absorbingboundary condition.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2010,49(5):472-477.
[25]熊章强,毛承英.声波数值模拟中改进的非分裂式PML边界条件.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(1):35-39.Xiong Z Q,Mao C Y.An improved NPML absorbingboundary condition in acoustic wave modeling.Oil GeophysicsProspecting(in Chinese),2011,46(1):35-39.
[2]Edip Baysal,Dan D Kosloff,and John W C Sherwood.Reverse time migration.Geophysics,1983,48(11):1514-1524.
[3]张美根,王妙月.各向异性弹性波有限元叠前逆时偏移.地球物理学报,2001,44(5):711-719.Zhang M G,Wang M Y.Prestack finte element reverse-timemigration for anisotropic elastic waves.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2001,44(5):711-719.
[4]Kwangjin Yoon,Changsoo Shin,Soonduk Hong.3Dreverse-time migration using acoustic wave equation.An experiencewith the SEG/EAGE data set.The Leading Edge,2003,22:38-41.
[5]Kwangjin Yoon,Kurt J Marfurt and William Starr.Challenges in reverse-time migration.74th Annual InternationalMeeting,SEG Expanded Abstracts,2003,1057-1060.
[6]J Bee Bednar,Chris J Bednar C J,and Changsoo Shin.Two-way versus one-way:A case study style comparison.76thAnnual International Meeting,SEG Expanded Abstracts,2006,2343-2347.
[7]Zhang Yu,and James Sun.Practical issues of reverse timemigration:True amplitude.gathers,noise removal andharmonic-source encoding.First Break,2009,27(1):53-60.
[8]Liu Faqi,Zhang Guanquan,Scott A Morton,et al.Reversetime migration using one way wavefield imaging condition.77rd Annual International Meeting,SEG Expanded Abstracts,2007,26(1).2170-2174.
[9]Liu Faqi,Zhang Guanquan,Scott A Morton,and Jacques P.Leveille.An effective imaging condition for reverse-timemigration using wavefield decomposition.Geophysics,2011,76(1):S29-S39.
[10]刘红伟,李博,刘洪等.地震叠前逆时偏移高阶有限差分算法及GPU实现.地球物理学报,2010,53(7):1725-1733.Liu H W,Li B,Liu H,et al.The algorithm of high orderfinite difference pre-stack reverse time migration and GPUimplementation.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(7):1725-1733.
[11]刘红伟,刘洪,邹振等.地震叠前逆时偏移中的去噪与存储.地球物理学报,2010,53(9):2171-2180.Liu H W,Liu H,Zou Z,et al.The problems of denoise andstorage in seismic reverse time migration.Chinese JournalGeophysics,2010,V53(9):2171-2180.
[12]李博,刘红伟,刘国峰等.地震叠前逆时偏移算法的CPU/GPU实施对策.地球物理学报,2010,53(12):2938-2943.Li B,Liu H W,Liu G F,et al.Computational strategy ofseismic pre-stack reverse time migration on CPU/GPU.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2010,53(12):2938-2943.
[13]刘洪,佟小龙,刘钦等.油气地震勘探数据处理GPU/CPU协同并行计算技术.北京:石油工业出版社,2010.Liu H,Tong X L,Liu Q,et al.GPU/CPU CoprocessingParallel Computation for Seismic Uata Processing in Oil andGas Exploration.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2010.
[14]李博,刘国峰,刘洪.地震叠前时间偏移的一种图形处理器提速实现方法.地球物理学报,2009,52(1):245-252.Li B,Liu G F,Liu H.A method of using GPU to acceleratepre-stack time migration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(1):245-252.
[15]William W Symes.Reverse time migration with optimalcheckpointing.Geophysics,2007,72(5):SM213-SM221.
[16]Eric Dussaud,William W Symes,Paul Williamson,et al.Computational strategies for reverse-time migration.78rdAnnual International Meeting,SEG Expanded Abstracts,2008,27:2267-2271.
[17]Robert G Clapp.Reverse time migration:Saving theboundaries.2008,136:136-144.
[18]Robert G Clapp.Reverse time migration with randomboundaries.79rd Annual International Meeting,SEG ExpandedAbstracts,2009,28:2809-2813.
[19]董良国,马在田,曹景忠等.一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法.地球物理学报,2000,43(3):411-419.Dong L G,Ma Z T,Cao J Z,et al.A staggered-grid high-order difference method of one-order elastic wave equation.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2000,43(3):411-419.
[20]董良国,马在田,曹景忠等.一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法稳定性研究.地球物理学报,2000,43(6):856-864.Dong L G,Ma Z T,Cao J Z,et al.A study on stability of thestaggered grid high order difference method of first orderelastic wave equation.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2000,43(6):856-864.
[21]黄超,董良国.可变网格与局部时间步长的交错网格高阶差分弹性波模拟.地球物理学报,2009,52(11):2870-2878.Huang C,Dong L G.Staggered-grid high-order finite-difference method in elastic wave simulation with variablegrids and local time-steps.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2009,52(11):2870-2878.
[22]Dimitri Komatitsch and Roland Martin.An unsplitconvolutional perfectly matched layer improved at grazingincidence for the seismic wave equation.Geophysics,2007,72(5):SM155-SM167.
[23]孙林洁,印兴耀.基于PML边界条件的高倍可变网格有限差分数值模拟方法.地球物理学报,2011,54(6):1614-1623.Sun L J,Yin X Y.A finite difference scheme based on PMLboundary condition with high power grid step variation.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2011,54(6):1614-1623.
[24]陈可洋.完全匹配层吸收边界条件研究.石油物探,2010,49(5):472-477.Chen K Y.Study on perfectly matched layer absorbingboundary condition.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2010,49(5):472-477.
[25]熊章强,毛承英.声波数值模拟中改进的非分裂式PML边界条件.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(1):35-39.Xiong Z Q,Mao C Y.An improved NPML absorbingboundary condition in acoustic wave modeling.Oil GeophysicsProspecting(in Chinese),2011,46(1):35-39.
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