特大型LNG储罐抗(减)震研究发展综述
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摘要
特大型LNG储罐结构同一般的储罐设施相比有着显著不同,结构本身复杂,而安全要求则又等同于核电设施,其结构设计理论目前仍然由国外少数公司掌握。特大型LNG(液化天然气)储罐属于生命线工程,其抗震能力对保证安全供气十分重要。文中介绍了特大型LNG储罐在地震作用下所涉及的液固耦合、结构各部分间相互作用、振动控制系统、土结相互作用及所使用标准等方面的研究现状,对国内外已建罐体结构形式、基础结构方案、结构振动控制装置进行了总结。同时,提出了国内外在特大型LNG储罐抗(减)震分析方面研究的不足及可以深入研究的内容和发展趋势,期望为我国LNG储罐建设的国产化提供有意义的理论和技术参考。
The extra-large LNG(Liquid Natural Gas) tank belongs to lifeline project,and there are many aspects worth exploring for its structural design theory.The structure of the extra-large LNG tank,which is quite complicated,is significantly different compared with other storage tanks.The safety requirements of the extra-large LNG storage tank are equivalent to nuclear power facilities,so seismic capability is very important to ensure gas supply.It is introduced that the seismic behavior of the extra-large LNG storage tank involves fluid-solid coupling,interaction between the various parts of the structure,vibration control system,and soil-structure interaction etc.;seismic codes,tank structure forms,foundation schemes and vibration control devices are also summarized.Besides,research shortcomings,unknown problems and development trends for extra-large LNG tank seismic analysis are finally presented,which provides meaningful theories and technology references for the research and construction of extra-large LNG tanks.
The extra-large LNG(Liquid Natural Gas) tank belongs to lifeline project,and there are many aspects worth exploring for its structural design theory.The structure of the extra-large LNG tank,which is quite complicated,is significantly different compared with other storage tanks.The safety requirements of the extra-large LNG storage tank are equivalent to nuclear power facilities,so seismic capability is very important to ensure gas supply.It is introduced that the seismic behavior of the extra-large LNG storage tank involves fluid-solid coupling,interaction between the various parts of the structure,vibration control system,and soil-structure interaction etc.;seismic codes,tank structure forms,foundation schemes and vibration control devices are also summarized.Besides,research shortcomings,unknown problems and development trends for extra-large LNG tank seismic analysis are finally presented,which provides meaningful theories and technology references for the research and construction of extra-large LNG tanks.
引文
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[2]Hamdan F H.Seismic behaviour of cylindrical steelliquid storage tanks[J].Journal of ConstructionalSteel Research,2000,53(3):307-333.
[3]Wyllie L A,Bolt B,Durkin M E,et al.The ChileEarthquake of March 3,1985[J].EarthquakeSpectra,1986,2(2):249-512.
[4]Christovasilis I P.Seismic analysis of liquefied naturalgas tanks[D].State University of New York atBuffalo,2006.
[5]Erdik M.Report on 1999 Kocaeli and DuzceEarthquakes[R].Istanbul:Bogazici University,Department of Earthquake Engineering,2000.
[6]Christovasilis I P.Seismic analysis of liquefied naturalgas tanks[D].State University of New York atBuffalo,2006.
[7]Housner G W.Dynamic pressure on accelerated fluidcontainers.Bulletin Seism[J].Soc.America,1957,47(1):15-35.
[8]Veletsos A S,Tang Y.Rocking response of liquidstorage tanks[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1987,113(11):1774-1792.
[9]Malhotra P K,Wenk T,Wieland M.Simple procedurefor seismic analysis of liquid-storage tanks[J].Structural Engineering International,2000,10(3):197-201.
[10]BSI.Design and manufacture of site built,vertical,cylindrical,flat-bottomed steel tanks for the storage ofrefrigerated,liquefied gases with operating temperaturesbetween 0 C and-165 C[S].2006.
[11]Veletsos A S,Shivakumar P.Sloshing response oflayered liquids in rigid tanks[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Structural Dynamics,1993,22:801-821.
[12]Cho J R,Song J M,Lee J K.Finite elementtechniques for the free-vibration and seismic analysisof liquid-storage tanks[J].Finite Elements inAnalysis and Design,2001,37(6-7):467-483.
[13]Veletsos A S,Verbic B.Vibration of viscoelasticfoundations[J].Earthquake Engineering andStructural Dynamics,1973,2(1):87-102.
[14]Bomhard H,Stempniewski L.LNG tanks for seismicallyhighly affected sites[C].Proceedings of Post-SMiRTConference Seminar on Isolation,Energy Dissipation andControl of Vibrations of Structures,1993.
[15]Manos G C,Clough R W.The measured and predictedshaking table response of a broad tank model[C].Proceedings of American Society of MechanicalEngineers Pressure Vessel and Piping Conference,1983.
[16]Haroun M A,Housner G W.Vibration studies andtests of liquid storage tanks[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Structural Dynamics,1983,11(2):179-206.
[17]Kobayashi N,Mieda T,Shibata H,et al.Astudy of theliquid slosh response in horizontal cylindrical tanks[J].Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,1989,111(1):32-38.
[18]Okamoto T,Kawahara M.Two-dimensional sloshinganalysis by Lagrangian finite element method[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods inFluids,1990,11(5):453-477.
[19]Shrimali M K,Jangid R S.Non-linear seismicresponse of base-isolated liquid storage tanks to bi-directional excitation[J].Nuclear Engineering andDesign,2002,217(1-2):1-20.
[20]Panchal V R,Jangid R S.Variable friction pendulumsystem for seismic isolation of liquid storage tanks[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design,2008,238(6):1304-1315.
[21]Mastan-Zada N,Yazici G.Dynamic behaviour ofseismically isolated cylindrical offshore storage tanks[C].Proceedings of the International Conference onOffshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering-OMAE:American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2005.
[22]Cho K H,Kim M K,Lim Y M,et al.Seismic responseof base-isolated liquid storage tanks considering fluid-structure-soil interaction in time domain[J].SoilDynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2004,24(11):839-852.
[23]Tsopelas P,Constantinou M C,Reinhorn A M.3D-BASIS-ME:Computer program for nonlinear dynamicanalysis of seismically isolated single and multiplestructures and liquid storage tanks[R].Buffalo,NY:National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research,State Univ.of New York,1994.
[24]Bohler J,Baumann T.Different numerical models forthe hysteretic behaviour of HDRB’s on the dynamicresponse of base-isolated structures with lumped-massmodels under seismic loading[C].Proceedings of theFirst European Conference on Constitutive Models forRubber:Taylor&Francis,1999.
[25]Kim N,Lee D.Pseudodynamic test for evaluation ofseismic performance of base-isolated liquid storagetanks[J].Engineering Structures,1995,17(3):198-208.
[26]Okamura S,Fujita S.Motion analysis of pendulumtype isolation systems during earthquakes(Probabilistic study of isolation performance of baseisolated structure considering characteristic dispersionof pendulum type isolation systems)[J].Journal ofPressure Vessel Technology,2007,129(3):507-515.
[27]项忠权,李清林.立式储罐抗震[M].北京:地震出版社,1990.
[28]翁智远.圆柱薄壳容器的振动与屈曲[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2007.Weng Z Y.Vibration and buckling of cylindrical shellof the container[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Science andTechnology Press,2007.(in Chinese)
[29]孙建刚.立式储罐地震响应控制研究[D].北京:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2002.Sun J G.Control of seismic response of verticalstorage tank[D].Beijing:Institute of EngineeringMechanics,China Earthquake Administration,2002.(in Chinese)
[30]Zhang R F,Weng D G,Ni W B.Application ofannular damper reaction wall in seismic isolated LNGtank[C].Proceedings of the ASME 2010 PressureVessels&Piping Division/K-PVP Conference,2010.
[2]Hamdan F H.Seismic behaviour of cylindrical steelliquid storage tanks[J].Journal of ConstructionalSteel Research,2000,53(3):307-333.
[3]Wyllie L A,Bolt B,Durkin M E,et al.The ChileEarthquake of March 3,1985[J].EarthquakeSpectra,1986,2(2):249-512.
[4]Christovasilis I P.Seismic analysis of liquefied naturalgas tanks[D].State University of New York atBuffalo,2006.
[5]Erdik M.Report on 1999 Kocaeli and DuzceEarthquakes[R].Istanbul:Bogazici University,Department of Earthquake Engineering,2000.
[6]Christovasilis I P.Seismic analysis of liquefied naturalgas tanks[D].State University of New York atBuffalo,2006.
[7]Housner G W.Dynamic pressure on accelerated fluidcontainers.Bulletin Seism[J].Soc.America,1957,47(1):15-35.
[8]Veletsos A S,Tang Y.Rocking response of liquidstorage tanks[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1987,113(11):1774-1792.
[9]Malhotra P K,Wenk T,Wieland M.Simple procedurefor seismic analysis of liquid-storage tanks[J].Structural Engineering International,2000,10(3):197-201.
[10]BSI.Design and manufacture of site built,vertical,cylindrical,flat-bottomed steel tanks for the storage ofrefrigerated,liquefied gases with operating temperaturesbetween 0 C and-165 C[S].2006.
[11]Veletsos A S,Shivakumar P.Sloshing response oflayered liquids in rigid tanks[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Structural Dynamics,1993,22:801-821.
[12]Cho J R,Song J M,Lee J K.Finite elementtechniques for the free-vibration and seismic analysisof liquid-storage tanks[J].Finite Elements inAnalysis and Design,2001,37(6-7):467-483.
[13]Veletsos A S,Verbic B.Vibration of viscoelasticfoundations[J].Earthquake Engineering andStructural Dynamics,1973,2(1):87-102.
[14]Bomhard H,Stempniewski L.LNG tanks for seismicallyhighly affected sites[C].Proceedings of Post-SMiRTConference Seminar on Isolation,Energy Dissipation andControl of Vibrations of Structures,1993.
[15]Manos G C,Clough R W.The measured and predictedshaking table response of a broad tank model[C].Proceedings of American Society of MechanicalEngineers Pressure Vessel and Piping Conference,1983.
[16]Haroun M A,Housner G W.Vibration studies andtests of liquid storage tanks[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Structural Dynamics,1983,11(2):179-206.
[17]Kobayashi N,Mieda T,Shibata H,et al.Astudy of theliquid slosh response in horizontal cylindrical tanks[J].Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,1989,111(1):32-38.
[18]Okamoto T,Kawahara M.Two-dimensional sloshinganalysis by Lagrangian finite element method[J].International Journal for Numerical Methods inFluids,1990,11(5):453-477.
[19]Shrimali M K,Jangid R S.Non-linear seismicresponse of base-isolated liquid storage tanks to bi-directional excitation[J].Nuclear Engineering andDesign,2002,217(1-2):1-20.
[20]Panchal V R,Jangid R S.Variable friction pendulumsystem for seismic isolation of liquid storage tanks[J].Nuclear Engineering and Design,2008,238(6):1304-1315.
[21]Mastan-Zada N,Yazici G.Dynamic behaviour ofseismically isolated cylindrical offshore storage tanks[C].Proceedings of the International Conference onOffshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering-OMAE:American Society of Mechanical Engineers,2005.
[22]Cho K H,Kim M K,Lim Y M,et al.Seismic responseof base-isolated liquid storage tanks considering fluid-structure-soil interaction in time domain[J].SoilDynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2004,24(11):839-852.
[23]Tsopelas P,Constantinou M C,Reinhorn A M.3D-BASIS-ME:Computer program for nonlinear dynamicanalysis of seismically isolated single and multiplestructures and liquid storage tanks[R].Buffalo,NY:National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research,State Univ.of New York,1994.
[24]Bohler J,Baumann T.Different numerical models forthe hysteretic behaviour of HDRB’s on the dynamicresponse of base-isolated structures with lumped-massmodels under seismic loading[C].Proceedings of theFirst European Conference on Constitutive Models forRubber:Taylor&Francis,1999.
[25]Kim N,Lee D.Pseudodynamic test for evaluation ofseismic performance of base-isolated liquid storagetanks[J].Engineering Structures,1995,17(3):198-208.
[26]Okamura S,Fujita S.Motion analysis of pendulumtype isolation systems during earthquakes(Probabilistic study of isolation performance of baseisolated structure considering characteristic dispersionof pendulum type isolation systems)[J].Journal ofPressure Vessel Technology,2007,129(3):507-515.
[27]项忠权,李清林.立式储罐抗震[M].北京:地震出版社,1990.
[28]翁智远.圆柱薄壳容器的振动与屈曲[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2007.Weng Z Y.Vibration and buckling of cylindrical shellof the container[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Science andTechnology Press,2007.(in Chinese)
[29]孙建刚.立式储罐地震响应控制研究[D].北京:中国地震局工程力学研究所,2002.Sun J G.Control of seismic response of verticalstorage tank[D].Beijing:Institute of EngineeringMechanics,China Earthquake Administration,2002.(in Chinese)
[30]Zhang R F,Weng D G,Ni W B.Application ofannular damper reaction wall in seismic isolated LNGtank[C].Proceedings of the ASME 2010 PressureVessels&Piping Division/K-PVP Conference,2010.
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