钢筋混凝土框架结构强柱弱梁设计方法的研究
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摘要
针对汶川地震中框架结构大多未能实现"强柱弱梁"的问题,结合国外几个代表性规范的有关规定和文献资料,对我国规范"强柱弱梁"设计方法存在的问题进行了分析,指出影响"强柱弱梁"的主要因素包括柱梁抗弯承载力比、梁端钢筋超配、现浇楼板和材料强度的离散性等。根据"强柱弱梁"机制的结构受力特点,采用合理简化结构模型,通过20条强震记录的弹塑性时程分析,对柱梁抗弯承载力比需求η及其分布进行了分析研究,指出柱梁抗弯承载力比需求η随地震强度的增加而增大,并根据分析结果给出了不同抗震等级框架结构柱梁抗弯承载力比的设计建议。
The prefered 'strong column-weak beam' mechanism is not oberseved in most buildings in 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake.The 'strong column-weak beam' design method in Chinses code are reviewed.Referring to international seismic design codes and related literatures,it is found that the damage pattern is affected by the following factors: the ratio of column-to-beam strength,over-reinforcement in the beam,contributions of the cast-in-site concrete slabs,scattering of material strength.Nonlinear dynamic analysis of RC moment-resisting frames excited by 20 strong ground motions are carried out to study the required ratio of column-to-beam strength and its heigh-wise distribution.It is found the required ratio of column-to-beam strength increases with the increase of earthquake intensities.Finally,some suggestions are given to ensure the realization of 'strong column-weak beam' mechanism.
The prefered 'strong column-weak beam' mechanism is not oberseved in most buildings in 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake.The 'strong column-weak beam' design method in Chinses code are reviewed.Referring to international seismic design codes and related literatures,it is found that the damage pattern is affected by the following factors: the ratio of column-to-beam strength,over-reinforcement in the beam,contributions of the cast-in-site concrete slabs,scattering of material strength.Nonlinear dynamic analysis of RC moment-resisting frames excited by 20 strong ground motions are carried out to study the required ratio of column-to-beam strength and its heigh-wise distribution.It is found the required ratio of column-to-beam strength increases with the increase of earthquake intensities.Finally,some suggestions are given to ensure the realization of 'strong column-weak beam' mechanism.
引文
[1]GB50011-2001,建筑结构抗震设计规范条文说明[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.GB50011-2001,Code for seismic design of buildings(Description of provisions)[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2002.(in Chinese)
[2]GB50011-2001,建筑结构抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.GB50011-2001,Code for seismic design of buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2002.(in Chinese)
[3]Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete(ACI 318-02)and Commentary(ACI 318R-02)[S].ACI Committee 318,2002.
[4]Dooley K L,Bracci J M.Seismic evaluation of column-to-beam strength ratios in reinforced concrete frames[J].ACI Structural Journal,2001,98(6):843―851.
[5]Eurocode8,Design Provisions for Earthquake Resistance of Structure[S].ENV1998-1,CEN,Brussels,1994.
[6]Standards New Zealand.General structural design and design loadings for buildings[S].NZS4203:1992,Standard New Zealand,Wellington,1992.
[7]CSA Standard.Design of concrete structures[S].A23.3-04,Canadian Standards Association,Ontario,2004.
[8]周靖.钢筋混凝土框架结构基于性能系数抗震设计法的基础研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2006.Zhou Jing.Basic research of behaviour factor-based seismic design method of RC frame structure[D].Guangzhou:South China university of technology,2006.(in Chinese)
[9]叶列平,曲哲,马千里,林旭川,陆新征,潘鹏.从汶川地震框架结构震害谈“强柱弱梁”屈服机制的实现[J].建筑结构,2008,38(11):52―59.Ye Lieping,Qu Zhe,Ma Qianli,Lin Xuchuan,Lu Xinzheng,Pan Peng.Study on ensuring the strong column-weak beam mechanism for RC frames based on the damage analysis in the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Building Structure,2008,38(11):52―59.(in Chinese)
[10]蒋永生,陈忠范,周绪平,鲁宗悫.整浇梁板的框架节点抗震研究[J].建筑结构学报,1994,12(3):11―16.Jiang Yongsheng,Chen Zhongfan,Zhou Xuping,Lu Zongque.Aseismic research on RC frame joint of monolithically casted slab[J].Journal of Building Structures,1994,12(3):11―16.(in Chinese)
[11]唐九如.钢筋混凝土框架节点抗震[M].南京:东南大学出版社,1989.Tang Jiuru.Seismic performance of reinforced-concrete beam-column connections[M].Nanjing:Southeast University Press,1989.(in Chinese)
[12]French C W,Moehle J P.Effect of floor slab on behavior of slab-beam-column connections[C].Design of Beam-Column Joints for Seismic Resistance,SP-123,American Concrete Institute,Farmington Hills,Mich.,1991:225―258.
[13]Leon R T.The effect of floor member size on the behavior of reinforced concrete beam-column joints[C].Proceedings of 8th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,San Francisco,Calif.,July,1984:445―452.
[14]Leon R T,Jirsa J O.Bi-directional loading of RC beam-column joints[J].Earthquake Spectra,1986,2(3):537―564.
[15]Shahrooz B M,Moehle J P.Seismic response and design of setback buildings[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1990,116(5):1423―1439.
[16]Paulay T.Developments in the design of ductile reinforced concrete frames[J].Bulletin of the New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering,1979,12(1):35―43.
[17]Ammerman O V,Wolfgram-French C.R/C beam-column-slab subassemblages subjected to lateral loads[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1989,115(6):1298―1308.
[18]Cheung P C,Paulay T,Park R.New Zealand tests on full-scale reinforced concrete beam-column-slab subassemblages designed for earthquake resistance[R].Design of Beam-Column Joints for Seismic Resistance,SP-123,American Concrete Institute,Farmington Hills,Mich.,1991:1―38.
[19]吴勇,雷汲川,杨红,白绍良.板筋参与梁端负弯矩承载力问题的探讨[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2002,24(3):33―37.Wu Yong,Lei Jichuan,Yang Hong,Bai Shaoliang.Discussion on negative flexural strength of beams including slabs[J].Journal of Chongqing Jianzhu University,2002,24(3):33―37.(in Chinese)
[20]Recommendations for design of beam-column connections in monolithic reinforced concrete structures[S].Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 352,2002.
[21]Ono T,Zhao Y G,Ito T.Probabilistic evaluation of column overdesign factors for frames[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2000,126(5):605―611.
[22]袁贤讯,易伟建.钢筋混凝土框架“强柱弱梁”及轴压比限值的概率分析[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2000,22(3):64―68.Yuan Xianxun,Yi Weijian.Probability analysis on‘Strong Beam and Weak Beam’and axial compression ratio in RC frame[J].Journal of Chongqing Jianzhu University,2000,22(3):64―68.(in Chinese)
[23]马宏旺,陈晓宝.钢筋混凝土框架结构强柱弱梁设计的概率分析[J].上海交通大学学报,2005,39(5):723―726.Ma Hongwang,Chen Xiaobao.Probability analysis for strong column-weak beam design of reinforced concrete frames[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2005,39(5):723―726.(in Chinese)
[24]杨红,韦锋,白绍良,王珍.柱增强系数取值对钢筋混凝土抗震框架塑性铰机构的控制效果[J].工程力学,2005,22(2):155―161.Yang Hong,Wei Feng,Bai Shaoliang,Wang Zhen.Effect of moment amplification factors of columns on controlling plastic hinge mechanism of RC frames[J].Engineering Mechanics,2005,22(2):155―161.(in Chinese)
[25]易伟建,张颖.混凝土框架结构抗震设计的弯矩增大系数[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2006,23(2):46―51.Yi Weijian,Zhang Ying.Moment magnification factor in anti-seismic design of concrete frame structure[J].Journal of Architecture and Civil Engineering,2006,23(2):46―51.(in Chinese)
[26]蔡健,周靖,方小丹.柱端弯矩增大系数取值对RC框架结构抗震性能影响的评估[J].土木工程学报,2007,40(1):6―14.Cai Jian,Zhou Jing,Fang Xiaodan.Evaluation of influences of various moment magnifying coefficients at column ends of RC frames on seismic performance[J].China Clvil Engineering Journal,2007,40(1):6―14.(in Chinese)
[27]叶列平,陆新征,马千里,汪训流,缪志伟.混凝土结构抗震非线性分析模型、方法及算例[J].工程力学,2006,23(增II):131―140.Ye Lieping,Lu Xinzheng,Ma Qianli,Wang Xunliu,Miao Zhiwei.Nonlinear analytical models,methods and examples for concrete structures subject to earthquake loading[J].Engineering Mechanics,2006,23(Sup.II):131―140.(in Chinese)
[28]Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center.PEER strong motion database[DB/OL].http://peer.berkeley.edu/smcat/index.html.California:Berkley,2005[Sep,2005].
[29]Bazzurro P,Cornell C A,Shome N,Carballo J E.Three proposals for characterizing MDOF non-linear seismic response[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1998,124(11):1281―1289.
[2]GB50011-2001,建筑结构抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.GB50011-2001,Code for seismic design of buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2002.(in Chinese)
[3]Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete(ACI 318-02)and Commentary(ACI 318R-02)[S].ACI Committee 318,2002.
[4]Dooley K L,Bracci J M.Seismic evaluation of column-to-beam strength ratios in reinforced concrete frames[J].ACI Structural Journal,2001,98(6):843―851.
[5]Eurocode8,Design Provisions for Earthquake Resistance of Structure[S].ENV1998-1,CEN,Brussels,1994.
[6]Standards New Zealand.General structural design and design loadings for buildings[S].NZS4203:1992,Standard New Zealand,Wellington,1992.
[7]CSA Standard.Design of concrete structures[S].A23.3-04,Canadian Standards Association,Ontario,2004.
[8]周靖.钢筋混凝土框架结构基于性能系数抗震设计法的基础研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2006.Zhou Jing.Basic research of behaviour factor-based seismic design method of RC frame structure[D].Guangzhou:South China university of technology,2006.(in Chinese)
[9]叶列平,曲哲,马千里,林旭川,陆新征,潘鹏.从汶川地震框架结构震害谈“强柱弱梁”屈服机制的实现[J].建筑结构,2008,38(11):52―59.Ye Lieping,Qu Zhe,Ma Qianli,Lin Xuchuan,Lu Xinzheng,Pan Peng.Study on ensuring the strong column-weak beam mechanism for RC frames based on the damage analysis in the Wenchuan earthquake[J].Building Structure,2008,38(11):52―59.(in Chinese)
[10]蒋永生,陈忠范,周绪平,鲁宗悫.整浇梁板的框架节点抗震研究[J].建筑结构学报,1994,12(3):11―16.Jiang Yongsheng,Chen Zhongfan,Zhou Xuping,Lu Zongque.Aseismic research on RC frame joint of monolithically casted slab[J].Journal of Building Structures,1994,12(3):11―16.(in Chinese)
[11]唐九如.钢筋混凝土框架节点抗震[M].南京:东南大学出版社,1989.Tang Jiuru.Seismic performance of reinforced-concrete beam-column connections[M].Nanjing:Southeast University Press,1989.(in Chinese)
[12]French C W,Moehle J P.Effect of floor slab on behavior of slab-beam-column connections[C].Design of Beam-Column Joints for Seismic Resistance,SP-123,American Concrete Institute,Farmington Hills,Mich.,1991:225―258.
[13]Leon R T.The effect of floor member size on the behavior of reinforced concrete beam-column joints[C].Proceedings of 8th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,San Francisco,Calif.,July,1984:445―452.
[14]Leon R T,Jirsa J O.Bi-directional loading of RC beam-column joints[J].Earthquake Spectra,1986,2(3):537―564.
[15]Shahrooz B M,Moehle J P.Seismic response and design of setback buildings[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1990,116(5):1423―1439.
[16]Paulay T.Developments in the design of ductile reinforced concrete frames[J].Bulletin of the New Zealand National Society for Earthquake Engineering,1979,12(1):35―43.
[17]Ammerman O V,Wolfgram-French C.R/C beam-column-slab subassemblages subjected to lateral loads[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1989,115(6):1298―1308.
[18]Cheung P C,Paulay T,Park R.New Zealand tests on full-scale reinforced concrete beam-column-slab subassemblages designed for earthquake resistance[R].Design of Beam-Column Joints for Seismic Resistance,SP-123,American Concrete Institute,Farmington Hills,Mich.,1991:1―38.
[19]吴勇,雷汲川,杨红,白绍良.板筋参与梁端负弯矩承载力问题的探讨[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2002,24(3):33―37.Wu Yong,Lei Jichuan,Yang Hong,Bai Shaoliang.Discussion on negative flexural strength of beams including slabs[J].Journal of Chongqing Jianzhu University,2002,24(3):33―37.(in Chinese)
[20]Recommendations for design of beam-column connections in monolithic reinforced concrete structures[S].Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 352,2002.
[21]Ono T,Zhao Y G,Ito T.Probabilistic evaluation of column overdesign factors for frames[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2000,126(5):605―611.
[22]袁贤讯,易伟建.钢筋混凝土框架“强柱弱梁”及轴压比限值的概率分析[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2000,22(3):64―68.Yuan Xianxun,Yi Weijian.Probability analysis on‘Strong Beam and Weak Beam’and axial compression ratio in RC frame[J].Journal of Chongqing Jianzhu University,2000,22(3):64―68.(in Chinese)
[23]马宏旺,陈晓宝.钢筋混凝土框架结构强柱弱梁设计的概率分析[J].上海交通大学学报,2005,39(5):723―726.Ma Hongwang,Chen Xiaobao.Probability analysis for strong column-weak beam design of reinforced concrete frames[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2005,39(5):723―726.(in Chinese)
[24]杨红,韦锋,白绍良,王珍.柱增强系数取值对钢筋混凝土抗震框架塑性铰机构的控制效果[J].工程力学,2005,22(2):155―161.Yang Hong,Wei Feng,Bai Shaoliang,Wang Zhen.Effect of moment amplification factors of columns on controlling plastic hinge mechanism of RC frames[J].Engineering Mechanics,2005,22(2):155―161.(in Chinese)
[25]易伟建,张颖.混凝土框架结构抗震设计的弯矩增大系数[J].建筑科学与工程学报,2006,23(2):46―51.Yi Weijian,Zhang Ying.Moment magnification factor in anti-seismic design of concrete frame structure[J].Journal of Architecture and Civil Engineering,2006,23(2):46―51.(in Chinese)
[26]蔡健,周靖,方小丹.柱端弯矩增大系数取值对RC框架结构抗震性能影响的评估[J].土木工程学报,2007,40(1):6―14.Cai Jian,Zhou Jing,Fang Xiaodan.Evaluation of influences of various moment magnifying coefficients at column ends of RC frames on seismic performance[J].China Clvil Engineering Journal,2007,40(1):6―14.(in Chinese)
[27]叶列平,陆新征,马千里,汪训流,缪志伟.混凝土结构抗震非线性分析模型、方法及算例[J].工程力学,2006,23(增II):131―140.Ye Lieping,Lu Xinzheng,Ma Qianli,Wang Xunliu,Miao Zhiwei.Nonlinear analytical models,methods and examples for concrete structures subject to earthquake loading[J].Engineering Mechanics,2006,23(Sup.II):131―140.(in Chinese)
[28]Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center.PEER strong motion database[DB/OL].http://peer.berkeley.edu/smcat/index.html.California:Berkley,2005[Sep,2005].
[29]Bazzurro P,Cornell C A,Shome N,Carballo J E.Three proposals for characterizing MDOF non-linear seismic response[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1998,124(11):1281―1289.
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