城市开敞空间的避难容灾能力评价研究——以深圳市南山区为例
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摘要
避难场所的规划选址与开敞空间的避难容灾能力密切相关,但较少研究关注到人口分布现状对避难场所空间选址的影响。以深圳市南山区为例,采用遥感及GIS技术,结合社区人口统计数据,通过分析区内开敞空间的有效性、安全性、通达性及收容性,综合评价其避难容灾能力,为城市避难场所选址筛选出适宜的空间。结果表明:量化的评价程序可有效地剔除有安全隐患或通达性较差、容灾能力不足的空间,结合人口分布现状更能凸显区域内避难场所空间分布的不足,容灾缺口计算结果可作为城市避难场所增设选址的参考依据。
Planning and locating disaster shelters directly influences the evacuation capability of urban open spaces.However,few researches paid attention to the influence of population distribution on urban shelters location.As a case study in Nanshan District,Shenzhen,the effectiveness,safety,accessibility and accommodation of all open spaces were analyzed through remote sensing,GIS,and community demographic data.Appropriate places were selected for the city shelters.Results show that: quantitative evaluation procedures could effectively exclude the spaces with hidden dangers,or poor accessibility,or inadequate disaster recovery capabilities.Combined with community demographic data,disaster evacuation capability evaluation highlights clearly the spatial distribution's lack of disaster shelters;the disaster evacuation gap calculated can provided a reference for city to add shelters and locate shelters.
Planning and locating disaster shelters directly influences the evacuation capability of urban open spaces.However,few researches paid attention to the influence of population distribution on urban shelters location.As a case study in Nanshan District,Shenzhen,the effectiveness,safety,accessibility and accommodation of all open spaces were analyzed through remote sensing,GIS,and community demographic data.Appropriate places were selected for the city shelters.Results show that: quantitative evaluation procedures could effectively exclude the spaces with hidden dangers,or poor accessibility,or inadequate disaster recovery capabilities.Combined with community demographic data,disaster evacuation capability evaluation highlights clearly the spatial distribution's lack of disaster shelters;the disaster evacuation gap calculated can provided a reference for city to add shelters and locate shelters.
引文
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[3]《北京市地震应急避难场所规划》公示[EB/OL].[2010-11-26].北京市规划委员会官方网站.http://zhengwu.Beijing.gov.cn/gzdt/gggs/t1140965.htm.
[4]上海市中心城应急避难场所布局规划[EB/OL].[2009-11-20].上海市规划和国土资源管理局官方网站.ht-tp://www.shgtj.gov.cn/ghsp/ghsp/shj/200911/t20091120-332842.htm.
[5]深圳市应急避难场所专项规划(2009—2020)[EB/OL].[2010-01-30].深圳市规划和国土资源委员会官方网站.http://www.szpl.gov.cn/xxgk/fdtz/10/应急避难场所规划.pdf.
[6]我市中心城区应急避难场所规划通过专家评审[EB/OL].[2008-06-30].成都市人民政府门户网站.http://www.cdfao.chengdu.gov.cn/moban/detail.jsp?id=201868&ClassID=020103.
[7]苏群,钱新强.城市避难场所规划的空间配置原则探讨[J].苏州大学学报:工科版,2007,27(2):66-69.SU Qun,QIAN Xin-qiang.Key points on planning and designing of city shelter[J].Journal of Suzhou University:Engi-neering Science Edition,2007,27(2):66-69.
[8]林晨,许彦曦,佟庆.城市应急避难场所规划研究———以深圳市龙岗区为例[J].规划师,2007,23(2):58-60.LIN Chen,XU Yan-xi,TONG Qing.Study on the planning of urban emergency shelters--Take Longgang district inShenzhen for example[J].Planners,2007,23(2):58-60.
[9]武文杰,朱思源,张文忠.北京应急避难场所的区位优化配置分析[J].人文地理,2010,25(4):41-44.WU Wen-jie,ZHU Si-yuan,ZHANG Wen-zhong.Optimal allocation of emergency shelter facilities in Beijing[J].Human Geography,2010,25(4):41-44.
[10]张军,张炜.郑州市地震等重大自然灾害应急避难场所规划研究[J].华北地震科学,2010,28(4):27-30.ZHANG Jun,ZHANG Wei.Study on earthquakes and other major natural disasters emergency shelter planning of Zheng-zhou city[J].North China Earthquake Sciences,2010,28(4):27-30.
[11]付善辉.重庆城区的地震应急避难场所[J].城市与减灾,2010(1):19-21.FU Shan-hui.The emergency shelters for earthquake disaster in Chongqing municipality[J].City and Disaster Reduc-tion,2010(1):19-21.
[12]陈志芬,李强,王瑜,等.应急避难场所建设进度优化模型研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2010,20(2):160-164.CHEN Zhi-fen,LI Qiang,WANG Yu,et al.Optimized schedule planning models for emergency shelters construction[J].China Safety Science Journal,2010,20(2):160-164.
[13]广州地理研究所.深圳市自然资源与经济开发图集[M].北京:科学出版社,1985.
[14]深圳市2008年度地质灾害防治方案[EB/OL].[2009-08-25].http://www.szpl.gov.cn/xxgk/ghjh/dk/200908/t20090825-47573.h tml.
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