古建筑木结构抗震构造评估研究
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摘要
为保护古建筑,采用归纳及分析方法,对中国古建筑木结构的抗震构造评估进行了探讨。基于《古建筑木结构维护与加固技术规范》相关规定,对古建筑木结构抗震构造的评估内容进行了论述;基于古建筑抗震构造评估现状,对现有的评估方法进行了归纳和汇总;基于2个典型实例,对古建筑木结构抗震构造评估内容和方法提出了相关建议。结果表明:中国古建筑木结构抗震构造评估主要包括柱子、斗拱、榫卯、梁架、屋顶、墙体及构架整体性等内容,评估方法有目测法、尺量法、无损检测法、三维激光扫描法、有限元法、试验法等;为实现古建筑抗震构造全面有效的评估,评估内容应不断完善,评估方法应综合运用,智能评价技术也应鼓励推广。
To protect Chinese ancient building,aseismic constitution assessment of Chinese ancient wooden structure is studied by statistic and analysis methods.Based on Technical Code for Maintenance and Strengthening of Ancient Timber Buildings,assessment contents of Chinese ancient wooden buildings are discussed;Based on current assessment methods,typical assessment techniques for ancient wooden structure are summed up;Based on 2 typical examples,helpful suggestions for aseismic assessment of Chinese ancient wooden structure are proposed.The results show that aseismic assessment contents of Chinese ancient wooden structure include column,tou-kung,tenon-mortise joint,beam frame,roof,wall,structural stability and so on;Typical assessment methods include observation,ruler measurement,non-destructive testing,3D laser imaging scanning,finite element analysis,experiment and so on;To make assessment works all-around and effective,assessment contents have to be improved,assessment methods have to be combined flexibly,and intelligent assessment techniques are encouraged.
To protect Chinese ancient building,aseismic constitution assessment of Chinese ancient wooden structure is studied by statistic and analysis methods.Based on Technical Code for Maintenance and Strengthening of Ancient Timber Buildings,assessment contents of Chinese ancient wooden buildings are discussed;Based on current assessment methods,typical assessment techniques for ancient wooden structure are summed up;Based on 2 typical examples,helpful suggestions for aseismic assessment of Chinese ancient wooden structure are proposed.The results show that aseismic assessment contents of Chinese ancient wooden structure include column,tou-kung,tenon-mortise joint,beam frame,roof,wall,structural stability and so on;Typical assessment methods include observation,ruler measurement,non-destructive testing,3D laser imaging scanning,finite element analysis,experiment and so on;To make assessment works all-around and effective,assessment contents have to be improved,assessment methods have to be combined flexibly,and intelligent assessment techniques are encouraged.
引文
[1]张鹏程.中国古代木构建筑结构及其抗震发展研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2003Zhang Peng-cheng.Study on structure and its seismicbehavior development of Chinese ancient timber structurebuildings[D].Xi'an:PHD Thesis of Xi'an University ofArchitecture and Technology,2003(in Chinese)
[2]周乾,闫维明,杨小森,纪金豹.汶川地震古建筑轻度震害研究[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2009,31(5):101～107Zhou Qian,Yan Wei-ming,Yang Xiao-sen,Ji Jin-bao.Study on slight damage of a strengthened Chinese ancientbuilding under Wenchuan earthquake[J].EarthquakeResistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2009,31(5):101～107(in Chinese)
[3]周乾,闫维明,杨小森,纪金豹.汶川地震古建筑震害研究[J].北京工业大学学报,2009,35(3):330～337Zhou Qian,Yan Wei-ming,Yang Xiao-sen,Ji Jin-bao.Damage of ancient buildings after Wenchuan earthquakein China[J].Journal of Beijing University ofTechnology,2009,35(3):330～337(in Chinese)
[4]余志祥,韦韬,赵世春,李力.青城山黄帝祠砖木古建筑震害数值仿真研究[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2009,31(3):100～106Yu Zhi-Xiang,Wei Tao,Zhao Shi-Chun,Li Li.Numerical simulation study on an ancient building ofYellow Emperor Temple built with brick and wood onQingcheng Mountain[J].Earthquake ResistantEngineering and Retrofitting,2009,31(3):100～106(in Chinese)
[5]张鹏程,赵鸿铁,薛建阳.中国古建筑的防震思想[J].世界地震工程,2001,17(4):1～6Zhang Peng-Cheng,Zhao Hong-Tie,Xue Jian-Yang.Thoughts of earthquake resistance in Chinese ancientbuildings[J].World Information on EarthquakeEngineering,2001,17(4):1～6(in Chinese)
[6]苏军,高大峰.中国木结构古建筑抗震性能的研究[J].西北地震学报,2008,30(3):239～244Su Jun,Gao Da-feng.Study on the seismic performanceof Chinese ancient timber structure[J].NorthwesternSeismological Journal,2008,30(3):239～244(inChinese)
[7]周乾,闫维明,周锡元,纪金豹.中国古建筑动力特性及地震反应[J].北京工业大学学报,2010,36(1):13～17Zhou Qian,Yan Wei-Ming,Zhou Xi-Yuan,Ji Jin-Bao.Vibration characters and seismic response of Chineseancient buildings[J].Journal of Beijing University ofTechnology,2010,36(1):13～17(in Chinese)
[8]GB50165-92,古建筑木结构维护与加固技术规范[S]GB50165-92,Technical Code for Maintenance andStrengthening of Ancient Timber Buildings[S]
[9]周乾.故宫神武门防震构造研究[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2007,29(6):91～98Zhou Qian.Study on the aseismic constitution of Shen-Wu Gate in the Palace Museum[J].EarthquakeResistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2007,29(6):91～98(in Chinese)
[10]李华,刘秀英,陈允适.古建筑木结构的无损检测新技术[J].木材工业,2009,23(2):37～42Li Hua,Liu Xiu-Ying,Chen Yun-Shi.Effective non-destructive testing techniques for ancient wood building[J].China Wood Industry,2009,23(2):37～42(inChinese)
[11]范张伟,邢昱.基于数字化技术的古建筑保护研究[J].北京测绘,2010,3:18～21Fan Zhang-Wei,Xing Yu.Research on ancientarchitecture conservation based on digital technology[J],Beijing Mapping,2010,3:18～21(in Chinese)
[12]周乾,闫维明,周锡元,纪金豹.故宫神武门动力特性及地震反应研究[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2009,31(2):90～95Zhou Qian,Yan Wei-Ming,Zhou Xi-Yuan,Ji Jin-Bao.Study on dynamical character and seismic response ofShen-Wu Gate in the Forbidden City[J].EarthquakeResistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2009,31(2):90～95(in Chinese)
[13]周乾,闫维明,李振宝,纪金豹.故宮神武門の耐震性に関する考察[J].Journal of Japan StructuralConsultants Association,2010,1:50～53Zhou Qian,Yan Wei-Ming,Li Zhen-Bao,Ji Jin-Bao.Study on aseismic characters of Shen-Wu Gate in theForbidden City[J].Journal of Japan StructuralConsultants Association,2010,1:50～53(in Japanese)
[14]李铁英,严旭,魏剑伟,张善元.应县释迦塔扭转振动特性和地面周期性强迫振动试验与分析[J].太原理工大学学报,2008,39(4):519～522Li Tie-Ying,Yan Xu,Wei Jian-Wei,Zhang Shan-Yuan.The experiment and analysis of twist vibrationcharacteristics and forced vibration of Yingxian WoodenTower[J].Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology,2008,39(4):519～522(in Chinese)
[15]俞茂宏,刘晓东,方东平,张学彬.西安北门箭楼静力与动力特性的试验研究[J].西安交通大学学报,1991,25(3):55～62Yu Mao-Hong,Liu Xiao-Dong,Fang Dong-Ping,ZhangXue-Bin.Characteristics on the front tower over theancient Xi'an city wall[J].Journal of Xi'an JiaotongUniversity,1991,25(3):55～62(in Chinese)
[16]薛建阳,赵鸿铁,张鹏程.中国古建筑木结构模型的振动台试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2004,37(6):6～11Xue Jian-Yang,Zhao Hong-Tie,Zhang Peng-Cheng.Study on the seismic behaviors of Chinese ancientwooden building by shaking table test[J].China CivilEngineering Journal,2004,37(6):6～11(inChinese)
[2]周乾,闫维明,杨小森,纪金豹.汶川地震古建筑轻度震害研究[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2009,31(5):101～107Zhou Qian,Yan Wei-ming,Yang Xiao-sen,Ji Jin-bao.Study on slight damage of a strengthened Chinese ancientbuilding under Wenchuan earthquake[J].EarthquakeResistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2009,31(5):101～107(in Chinese)
[3]周乾,闫维明,杨小森,纪金豹.汶川地震古建筑震害研究[J].北京工业大学学报,2009,35(3):330～337Zhou Qian,Yan Wei-ming,Yang Xiao-sen,Ji Jin-bao.Damage of ancient buildings after Wenchuan earthquakein China[J].Journal of Beijing University ofTechnology,2009,35(3):330～337(in Chinese)
[4]余志祥,韦韬,赵世春,李力.青城山黄帝祠砖木古建筑震害数值仿真研究[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2009,31(3):100～106Yu Zhi-Xiang,Wei Tao,Zhao Shi-Chun,Li Li.Numerical simulation study on an ancient building ofYellow Emperor Temple built with brick and wood onQingcheng Mountain[J].Earthquake ResistantEngineering and Retrofitting,2009,31(3):100～106(in Chinese)
[5]张鹏程,赵鸿铁,薛建阳.中国古建筑的防震思想[J].世界地震工程,2001,17(4):1～6Zhang Peng-Cheng,Zhao Hong-Tie,Xue Jian-Yang.Thoughts of earthquake resistance in Chinese ancientbuildings[J].World Information on EarthquakeEngineering,2001,17(4):1～6(in Chinese)
[6]苏军,高大峰.中国木结构古建筑抗震性能的研究[J].西北地震学报,2008,30(3):239～244Su Jun,Gao Da-feng.Study on the seismic performanceof Chinese ancient timber structure[J].NorthwesternSeismological Journal,2008,30(3):239～244(inChinese)
[7]周乾,闫维明,周锡元,纪金豹.中国古建筑动力特性及地震反应[J].北京工业大学学报,2010,36(1):13～17Zhou Qian,Yan Wei-Ming,Zhou Xi-Yuan,Ji Jin-Bao.Vibration characters and seismic response of Chineseancient buildings[J].Journal of Beijing University ofTechnology,2010,36(1):13～17(in Chinese)
[8]GB50165-92,古建筑木结构维护与加固技术规范[S]GB50165-92,Technical Code for Maintenance andStrengthening of Ancient Timber Buildings[S]
[9]周乾.故宫神武门防震构造研究[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2007,29(6):91～98Zhou Qian.Study on the aseismic constitution of Shen-Wu Gate in the Palace Museum[J].EarthquakeResistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2007,29(6):91～98(in Chinese)
[10]李华,刘秀英,陈允适.古建筑木结构的无损检测新技术[J].木材工业,2009,23(2):37～42Li Hua,Liu Xiu-Ying,Chen Yun-Shi.Effective non-destructive testing techniques for ancient wood building[J].China Wood Industry,2009,23(2):37～42(inChinese)
[11]范张伟,邢昱.基于数字化技术的古建筑保护研究[J].北京测绘,2010,3:18～21Fan Zhang-Wei,Xing Yu.Research on ancientarchitecture conservation based on digital technology[J],Beijing Mapping,2010,3:18～21(in Chinese)
[12]周乾,闫维明,周锡元,纪金豹.故宫神武门动力特性及地震反应研究[J].工程抗震与加固改造,2009,31(2):90～95Zhou Qian,Yan Wei-Ming,Zhou Xi-Yuan,Ji Jin-Bao.Study on dynamical character and seismic response ofShen-Wu Gate in the Forbidden City[J].EarthquakeResistant Engineering and Retrofitting,2009,31(2):90～95(in Chinese)
[13]周乾,闫维明,李振宝,纪金豹.故宮神武門の耐震性に関する考察[J].Journal of Japan StructuralConsultants Association,2010,1:50～53Zhou Qian,Yan Wei-Ming,Li Zhen-Bao,Ji Jin-Bao.Study on aseismic characters of Shen-Wu Gate in theForbidden City[J].Journal of Japan StructuralConsultants Association,2010,1:50～53(in Japanese)
[14]李铁英,严旭,魏剑伟,张善元.应县释迦塔扭转振动特性和地面周期性强迫振动试验与分析[J].太原理工大学学报,2008,39(4):519～522Li Tie-Ying,Yan Xu,Wei Jian-Wei,Zhang Shan-Yuan.The experiment and analysis of twist vibrationcharacteristics and forced vibration of Yingxian WoodenTower[J].Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology,2008,39(4):519～522(in Chinese)
[15]俞茂宏,刘晓东,方东平,张学彬.西安北门箭楼静力与动力特性的试验研究[J].西安交通大学学报,1991,25(3):55～62Yu Mao-Hong,Liu Xiao-Dong,Fang Dong-Ping,ZhangXue-Bin.Characteristics on the front tower over theancient Xi'an city wall[J].Journal of Xi'an JiaotongUniversity,1991,25(3):55～62(in Chinese)
[16]薛建阳,赵鸿铁,张鹏程.中国古建筑木结构模型的振动台试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2004,37(6):6～11Xue Jian-Yang,Zhao Hong-Tie,Zhang Peng-Cheng.Study on the seismic behaviors of Chinese ancientwooden building by shaking table test[J].China CivilEngineering Journal,2004,37(6):6～11(inChinese)
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