加卸载响应比方法在结构灾变预测中的应用
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摘要
加卸载响应比方法为非均匀脆性介质的灾变评估提供了新的思路,即用加载与卸载响应的差别来定量刻画介质的损伤程度。为了验证加卸载响应比方法应用于结构失效分析的有效性,首先运用加卸载响应比方法对意大利那不勒斯大学完成的1个2层楼房的加卸载实验进行分析,结果表明:在临近结构破坏之前加卸载响应比时间序列确实出现了异常明显的升高及回落;进而引入岩石破裂声发射实验进行研究,发现采用轴向应变做响应量计算得到的加卸载响应比时间序列与楼房结构的响应比曲线在演化趋势上非常一致。进一步比较声发射能量率和宏观应做为响应得到的加卸载响应比时间序列,发现两者有着较为同步的稳定、异常、升高至峰值、急剧回落的演化过程。为了明确加卸载响应比与结构内部损伤的联系,基于损伤力学方法从理论上对此进行了分析,很明显加卸载响应比值在一定程度上可以反推结构的损伤程度,其演化可以为大型结构健康评估和工程灾变分析提供有益的参考及借鉴。
The Load/Unload Response Ratio(LURR) method is a new approach to predict the failure of heterogeneous brittle media,i.e.using the ratio between response rates during periods of loading and unloading to describe the damage state of the media.To show the effectiveness of the approach,this paper firstly evaluated the LURR time series associated with a loading and unloading experiment on a two-layer structure carried out in University of Naples in Italy.The result shows that the LURR time series climb to an anomalously high peak and then decrease rapidly prior to the final failure.Moreover,the rock failure acoustic emission(AE) experiment is conducted,and the experiment data is evaluated by the LURR method with macro-axial-strain as response.Results indicate that the LURR curve is very consistent with that of the two-layer structure experiment.Then the LURR curves are compared with AE energy rate and macro-axial-strain as response respectively.It is found both LURR values show identical evolution:initial stability,abmormity,peak value,and decrease charply prior to thefinal fracture.In order to determine the relation between LURR evolution and the damage of the structure,the LURR values are combined with damage variable(D) to provide the damage estimation of the structure.The results shown in the paper may suggest that the LURR method provides a new approach for the health assessment of large scale structures or ancient buildings and the prediction of engineering catastrophic failure.
The Load/Unload Response Ratio(LURR) method is a new approach to predict the failure of heterogeneous brittle media,i.e.using the ratio between response rates during periods of loading and unloading to describe the damage state of the media.To show the effectiveness of the approach,this paper firstly evaluated the LURR time series associated with a loading and unloading experiment on a two-layer structure carried out in University of Naples in Italy.The result shows that the LURR time series climb to an anomalously high peak and then decrease rapidly prior to the final failure.Moreover,the rock failure acoustic emission(AE) experiment is conducted,and the experiment data is evaluated by the LURR method with macro-axial-strain as response.Results indicate that the LURR curve is very consistent with that of the two-layer structure experiment.Then the LURR curves are compared with AE energy rate and macro-axial-strain as response respectively.It is found both LURR values show identical evolution:initial stability,abmormity,peak value,and decrease charply prior to thefinal fracture.In order to determine the relation between LURR evolution and the damage of the structure,the LURR values are combined with damage variable(D) to provide the damage estimation of the structure.The results shown in the paper may suggest that the LURR method provides a new approach for the health assessment of large scale structures or ancient buildings and the prediction of engineering catastrophic failure.
引文
[1]尹祥础.地震预测新途径的探索[J].中国地震,1987,3(1):1―7.Yin Xiangchu.A new approach to earthquake prediction[J].Earthquake Research in China,1987,3(1):1―7.(in Chinese)
[2]尹祥础,尹灿.非线性系统的失稳前兆与地震预测[J].中国科学,1991,21(5):512―518.Yin Xiangchu,Yin Can.The precursor of instability for nonlinear system and its application to earthquake prediction[J].Science in China(Series B),1991,21(5):512―518.(in Chinese)
[3]Yin Xiangchu,Chen Xuezhong,Song Zhiping.The Load/Unload Response Ratio(LURR)theory and its application to earthquake prediction[J].Journal of Earthquake Prediction Research,1994,3(3):325―333.
[4]Yin Xiangchu,Chen Xuezhong,Song Zhiping.A new approach to earthquake prediction-the Load/Unload Response Ratio(LURR)theory[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,1995,145(3-4):701―715.
[5]Yin Xiangchu,Chen Xuezhong,Wang Yucang.Development of a new approach to earthquake prediction:Load/Unload Response Ratio(LURR)theory[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2000,157(11-12):2365―2383.
[6]Yin Xiangchu,Mora P,Peng Keyin.Load/Unload Response Ratio and Accelerating Moment/Energy Release critical region scaling and earthquake prediction[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2002,159(9):2511―2523.
[7]Yin Xiangchu,Yu Huaizhong,Victor Kukshenko.Load-Unload Response Ratio(LURR),Accelerating Energy Release(AER)and state vector evolution as precursors to failure of rock specimens[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2004,161(11-12):2405―2416.
[8]Yin Xiangchu,Zhang Langping,Zhang Huihui.LURR’s twenty years and its perspective[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2006,163(11-12):2317―2341.
[9]Yin Xiangchu,Zhang Langping,Zhang Yongxian.The newest development of Load/Unload Response Ratio(LURR)[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2008,165(3-4):711―722.
[10]姜彤,马莎,许兵.边坡在地震作用下的加卸载响应规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(22):3803―3807.Jiang Tong,Ma Sha,Xu Bing.Study on laws of load-unload response of slope under seismic load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(22):3803―3807.(in Chinese)
[11]贺可强,周敦云,王思敬.降雨型堆积层滑坡的加卸载响应比特征及其预测作用与意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(16):2665―2670.He Keqiang,Zhou Dunyun,Wang Sijing.Features of Load-Unload Response Ratio and its significance inprediction of colluvial landside by rainfall[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(16):2665―2670.(in Chinese)
[12]Zhang W J,Chen Y M,Zhan L T.Loading/Unloading Response Ratio(LURR)theory applied in predicting deep-seated landslides triggering[J].Engineering Geology,2006,82:234―240.
[13]张晖辉,颜玉定,余怀忠.循环载荷下大试件岩石破坏声发射实验——岩石破坏前兆的研究[J].岩土工程学报,2004,23(21):3621―3628.Zhang Huihui,Yan Yuding,Yu Huaizhong.Acoustic emission experiment research of large-scaled rock failure under cycling load-fracture precursor of rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(21):3621―3628.(in Chinese)
[14]张晖辉,尹祥础,梁乃刚.模拟引潮力作用下岩石破坏前兆的实验研究——加卸载响应比(LURR)理论和能量加速释放(AER)[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(17):3172―3179.Zhang Huihui,Yin Xiangchu,Liang Naigang.Experimental study of rock precursor using simulated tide stress-Load/Unload Response Ratio(LURR)and Accelerating Energy Release(AER)[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(17):3172―3179.(in Chinese)
[15]Zhang Huihui,Yin Xiangchu,Liang Naigang.Acoustic emission experiments of rock failure under load simulating the hypocenter condition[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2006,163(11-12):2389―2406.
[16]Kachanov L M.Introduction to continuum damage mechanics[M].Dordrecht:Martinus Nijhoff,1986.
[17]Lemaitre J.A course on damage mechanics[M].Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1992.
[18]张浪平,尹祥础,梁乃刚.加卸载响应比与损伤变量关系研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1874―1881.Zhang Langping,Yin Xiangchu,Liang Naigang.Study on relation between Load/Unload Response Ratio and damage variable[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1874―1881.(in Chinese)
[19]Bai Y L,Xia M F,Ke F J.Damage field equation and criterion for damage Localization,in Rheology for bodies with defects[M].Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1998:55―66.
[20]Weibull W.A statistical distribution function of wide applicability[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics,1951,18:293―297.
[21]Wei Y J,Xia M F,Ke F J.Evolution induced catastrophe and its predictability[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2000,157(11-12):1945―1957.
[22]Xu X H,Ma S P,Xia M F.Damage evaluation and damage localization of rock[J].Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics,2004,42:131―138.
[2]尹祥础,尹灿.非线性系统的失稳前兆与地震预测[J].中国科学,1991,21(5):512―518.Yin Xiangchu,Yin Can.The precursor of instability for nonlinear system and its application to earthquake prediction[J].Science in China(Series B),1991,21(5):512―518.(in Chinese)
[3]Yin Xiangchu,Chen Xuezhong,Song Zhiping.The Load/Unload Response Ratio(LURR)theory and its application to earthquake prediction[J].Journal of Earthquake Prediction Research,1994,3(3):325―333.
[4]Yin Xiangchu,Chen Xuezhong,Song Zhiping.A new approach to earthquake prediction-the Load/Unload Response Ratio(LURR)theory[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,1995,145(3-4):701―715.
[5]Yin Xiangchu,Chen Xuezhong,Wang Yucang.Development of a new approach to earthquake prediction:Load/Unload Response Ratio(LURR)theory[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2000,157(11-12):2365―2383.
[6]Yin Xiangchu,Mora P,Peng Keyin.Load/Unload Response Ratio and Accelerating Moment/Energy Release critical region scaling and earthquake prediction[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2002,159(9):2511―2523.
[7]Yin Xiangchu,Yu Huaizhong,Victor Kukshenko.Load-Unload Response Ratio(LURR),Accelerating Energy Release(AER)and state vector evolution as precursors to failure of rock specimens[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2004,161(11-12):2405―2416.
[8]Yin Xiangchu,Zhang Langping,Zhang Huihui.LURR’s twenty years and its perspective[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2006,163(11-12):2317―2341.
[9]Yin Xiangchu,Zhang Langping,Zhang Yongxian.The newest development of Load/Unload Response Ratio(LURR)[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2008,165(3-4):711―722.
[10]姜彤,马莎,许兵.边坡在地震作用下的加卸载响应规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(22):3803―3807.Jiang Tong,Ma Sha,Xu Bing.Study on laws of load-unload response of slope under seismic load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(22):3803―3807.(in Chinese)
[11]贺可强,周敦云,王思敬.降雨型堆积层滑坡的加卸载响应比特征及其预测作用与意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(16):2665―2670.He Keqiang,Zhou Dunyun,Wang Sijing.Features of Load-Unload Response Ratio and its significance inprediction of colluvial landside by rainfall[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(16):2665―2670.(in Chinese)
[12]Zhang W J,Chen Y M,Zhan L T.Loading/Unloading Response Ratio(LURR)theory applied in predicting deep-seated landslides triggering[J].Engineering Geology,2006,82:234―240.
[13]张晖辉,颜玉定,余怀忠.循环载荷下大试件岩石破坏声发射实验——岩石破坏前兆的研究[J].岩土工程学报,2004,23(21):3621―3628.Zhang Huihui,Yan Yuding,Yu Huaizhong.Acoustic emission experiment research of large-scaled rock failure under cycling load-fracture precursor of rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(21):3621―3628.(in Chinese)
[14]张晖辉,尹祥础,梁乃刚.模拟引潮力作用下岩石破坏前兆的实验研究——加卸载响应比(LURR)理论和能量加速释放(AER)[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(17):3172―3179.Zhang Huihui,Yin Xiangchu,Liang Naigang.Experimental study of rock precursor using simulated tide stress-Load/Unload Response Ratio(LURR)and Accelerating Energy Release(AER)[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(17):3172―3179.(in Chinese)
[15]Zhang Huihui,Yin Xiangchu,Liang Naigang.Acoustic emission experiments of rock failure under load simulating the hypocenter condition[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2006,163(11-12):2389―2406.
[16]Kachanov L M.Introduction to continuum damage mechanics[M].Dordrecht:Martinus Nijhoff,1986.
[17]Lemaitre J.A course on damage mechanics[M].Berlin:Springer-Verlag,1992.
[18]张浪平,尹祥础,梁乃刚.加卸载响应比与损伤变量关系研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1874―1881.Zhang Langping,Yin Xiangchu,Liang Naigang.Study on relation between Load/Unload Response Ratio and damage variable[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1874―1881.(in Chinese)
[19]Bai Y L,Xia M F,Ke F J.Damage field equation and criterion for damage Localization,in Rheology for bodies with defects[M].Dordrecht:Kluwer Academic Publishers,1998:55―66.
[20]Weibull W.A statistical distribution function of wide applicability[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics,1951,18:293―297.
[21]Wei Y J,Xia M F,Ke F J.Evolution induced catastrophe and its predictability[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2000,157(11-12):1945―1957.
[22]Xu X H,Ma S P,Xia M F.Damage evaluation and damage localization of rock[J].Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics,2004,42:131―138.
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