活动推覆构造区潜在震源的边界和震级上限——以1902年阿图什8(1/4)级地震构造区为例
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摘要
1902年阿图什81/4级地震发生在西南天山山前推覆构造体中,逆冲推覆构造由推覆体的根部断裂、推覆体、滑脱断层和前缘逆断裂-褶皱等组成,大地震的发震断裂往往是推覆构造的根部断裂,而地震地表破裂和同震褶皱隆起则位于山前逆断层-褶皱带内。高震级的潜在震源区(MU>7.5)对应于低速的天山地块和高速的塔里木地块之间的根带断裂,其长度对应于推覆体根带断裂的长度,宽度对应于根带隐伏逆冲断裂在地表的投影宽度。推覆体前缘的每个活动逆断裂-背斜对应于一个潜在震源(MU≤7.5),其长度与活动逆断裂-背斜的长度相等,宽度应覆盖活动褶皱的两翼。潜在震源的矩震级上限由W-C统计关系式确定,其中发震断裂的面积为活动褶皱的长度与隐伏断坡宽度的乘积。
The M81/4 Atushi great earthquake of 22th August 1902,take place in the nappe structure region at the front of southwest Tianshan.The thrust systems on the piedmont of southwest Tianshan are composed of foot thrust fault,nappe,detachment fault and front thrust fault-fold.Great earthquake is likely to occur at the foot thrust fault near Tianshan Mountains,while earthquake surface rupture and coseismic fold uplift usually appear in the frontier active reverse fault and fold zone.Potential seismic source zone(MU>7.5)of large earthquake corresponds to the foot thrust fault which is also the transition-zone of low P-velocity in Tianshan block and high P-velocity in Tarim block,in which its length correspond to the long of the foot thrust fault and its width correspond to the projection width of foot thrust fault.Each active reverse fault-fold at the frontier of nappe structure correspond to a potential seismic source zone(MU≤7.5) whose length is equal to length of the active reverse fault-fold,whose width is equal to the width of active fold.Upper limit magnitude of moment magnitude for potential seismic source zone is calculated with the W-C statistical relationship.The seismogenic fault area is the product of the length of active reverse fault-fold and width of blind fault.
The M81/4 Atushi great earthquake of 22th August 1902,take place in the nappe structure region at the front of southwest Tianshan.The thrust systems on the piedmont of southwest Tianshan are composed of foot thrust fault,nappe,detachment fault and front thrust fault-fold.Great earthquake is likely to occur at the foot thrust fault near Tianshan Mountains,while earthquake surface rupture and coseismic fold uplift usually appear in the frontier active reverse fault and fold zone.Potential seismic source zone(MU>7.5)of large earthquake corresponds to the foot thrust fault which is also the transition-zone of low P-velocity in Tianshan block and high P-velocity in Tarim block,in which its length correspond to the long of the foot thrust fault and its width correspond to the projection width of foot thrust fault.Each active reverse fault-fold at the frontier of nappe structure correspond to a potential seismic source zone(MU≤7.5) whose length is equal to length of the active reverse fault-fold,whose width is equal to the width of active fold.Upper limit magnitude of moment magnitude for potential seismic source zone is calculated with the W-C statistical relationship.The seismogenic fault area is the product of the length of active reverse fault-fold and width of blind fault.
引文
1冉洪流,2009.“潜在震源区震级上限不确定性及其对地震区划结果影响研究”结题报告.
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陈杰,丁国瑜,Burbank D.W.等,2001.中国西南天山山前的晚新生代构造与地震活动.中国地震,17(2):134—155.
陈杰,Scharer K.M.,Burbank D.W.等,2005.西南天山明尧勒背斜的第四纪滑脱褶皱作用.地震地质,27(4):530—547.
高国英,温和平,聂晓红,2005.1991—2002年新疆中强震震源机制分析.地震,25(1):81—87.
刘启元,陈九辉,李顺成等,2000.新疆伽师强震群区三维地壳上地幔s波速度结构及其地震成因的探讨.地球物理学报,43(3):356—365.
龙海英,聂晓红,高国英,2008.新疆天山地区强震前地震条带不清晰的原因初探.西北地震学报,30(1):56—61.
卢华复,贾东,蔡东升等,1998.塔西北柯坪剪切挤压构造.高校地质学报,4(1):49—58.
卢寿德主编,2006.工程场地地震安全性评价(GB17741-2005)宣贯教材.北京:中国标准出版社.
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曲国胜,陈杰,陈新发等,2001.塔里木盆地阿图什-八盘水磨反冲构造系统研究.地震地质,23(1):1—14.
沈军,汪一鹏,赵瑞斌等,2001.帕米尔东北缘及塔里木盆地西北部弧形构造的扩展特征.地震地质,23(3):382—389.
沈军,吴传勇,陈建波,2008a.新疆主要逆断层-褶皱构造区基本地震构造特征与潜在震源划分问题.震灾防御技术,3(2):101—110.
沈军,宋和平,2008b.乌鲁木齐城市活断层探测与地震危险性评价主要成果简介.地震地质,30(1):273—288.
田勤俭,丁国瑜,郝平,2006.南天山及塔里木北缘构造带西段地震构造研究.地震地质,28(2):213—223.
肖安成,贾承造,杨树锋等,2000.中国南天山西部冲断褶皱系前缘区的运动学特征.沉积学报,18(3):439—444.
杨晓平,邓起东,张培震等,1998.北天山地区逆断裂-褶皱带构造与潜在震源区估计.地震地质,20(3):193—200.
杨晓平,陈立春,李安等,2009.西南天山阿图什背斜晚第四纪的阶段性隆升.地学前缘,16(3):160—170.
杨晓平,冉勇康,宋方敏等,2006.西南天山柯坪逆冲推覆构造带的地壳缩短分析.地震地质,28(2):194—204.
杨晓平,邓起东,张培震等,2008.天山山前主要推覆构造区的地壳缩短.地震地质,30(1):111—131.
张先康,赵金仁,张成科等,2002.帕米尔东北侧地壳结构研究.地球物理学报,45(5):665—671.
张裕明,周本刚,1992.潜在震源区范围的确定.见:地震区划文集.北京:地震出版社.
张裕明,1993.在确定潜在震源区中地震和地质资料的应用.地震地质,14(3):275—278.
张裕明,周本刚,1994.当前潜在震源区研究的主要方向.中国地震,10(1):1—8.
张裕明,周本刚,沈得秀,2006.工程场地地震安全性评价工作中两个问题的讨论.震灾防御技术,1(3):181—185.
赵瑞斌,李军,沈军,2000.喀什坳陷北缘活动断裂与古地震初步研究.地震学报,22(3):327—331.
赵瑞斌,沈军,李军,2001.1902年新疆阿图什8级地震形变特征与发震模式初探.地震地质,23(4):493—500.
周本刚,张裕明,董瑞树等,1997.划分潜在震源区的地震地质规则研究.中国地震,13(3):241—252.
中国地震局震害防御司,1995.中国历史强震目录(公元前23世纪—公元1911年).北京:地震出版社.
Allen M.B.,Vincent S.J.,Wheeler P.J.,1999.Late Cenozoic tectonics of the Kepingtage thrust zone:interaction of the Tien Shan and Tarim Basin,Northwest China.Tectonics,18(4):639—654.
Burtman V.S.,Molnar P.,1993.Geological and geophysical evidence for deep subduction of continental crust beneath the Pamir.Special Paper Geological Society of America,281:l—76.
Wells D.L.,Coppersmith K.J.,1994.New empirical relationships among magnitude,rupture length,rupture width,rupture area,and surface displacement.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,84:974—1002.
Yin A.,Nie S.,Craig P.et a1.,1998.Late Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the southern Chinese Tian Shan.Tectonics,17(1):l—27.
柏美祥,戈澍漠,1988.1902年新疆阿图什8级地震.见:郭增建等主编,中国特大地震研究(1).北京:地震出版社,143—170.
陈杰,丁国瑜,Burbank D.W.等,2001.中国西南天山山前的晚新生代构造与地震活动.中国地震,17(2):134—155.
陈杰,Scharer K.M.,Burbank D.W.等,2005.西南天山明尧勒背斜的第四纪滑脱褶皱作用.地震地质,27(4):530—547.
高国英,温和平,聂晓红,2005.1991—2002年新疆中强震震源机制分析.地震,25(1):81—87.
刘启元,陈九辉,李顺成等,2000.新疆伽师强震群区三维地壳上地幔s波速度结构及其地震成因的探讨.地球物理学报,43(3):356—365.
龙海英,聂晓红,高国英,2008.新疆天山地区强震前地震条带不清晰的原因初探.西北地震学报,30(1):56—61.
卢华复,贾东,蔡东升等,1998.塔西北柯坪剪切挤压构造.高校地质学报,4(1):49—58.
卢寿德主编,2006.工程场地地震安全性评价(GB17741-2005)宣贯教材.北京:中国标准出版社.
栾超群,柏美祥,向志勇,1998.新疆阿图什市近场区地震构造评价.新疆地质,16(1):76—88.
曲国胜,陈杰,陈新发等,2001.塔里木盆地阿图什-八盘水磨反冲构造系统研究.地震地质,23(1):1—14.
沈军,汪一鹏,赵瑞斌等,2001.帕米尔东北缘及塔里木盆地西北部弧形构造的扩展特征.地震地质,23(3):382—389.
沈军,吴传勇,陈建波,2008a.新疆主要逆断层-褶皱构造区基本地震构造特征与潜在震源划分问题.震灾防御技术,3(2):101—110.
沈军,宋和平,2008b.乌鲁木齐城市活断层探测与地震危险性评价主要成果简介.地震地质,30(1):273—288.
田勤俭,丁国瑜,郝平,2006.南天山及塔里木北缘构造带西段地震构造研究.地震地质,28(2):213—223.
肖安成,贾承造,杨树锋等,2000.中国南天山西部冲断褶皱系前缘区的运动学特征.沉积学报,18(3):439—444.
杨晓平,邓起东,张培震等,1998.北天山地区逆断裂-褶皱带构造与潜在震源区估计.地震地质,20(3):193—200.
杨晓平,陈立春,李安等,2009.西南天山阿图什背斜晚第四纪的阶段性隆升.地学前缘,16(3):160—170.
杨晓平,冉勇康,宋方敏等,2006.西南天山柯坪逆冲推覆构造带的地壳缩短分析.地震地质,28(2):194—204.
杨晓平,邓起东,张培震等,2008.天山山前主要推覆构造区的地壳缩短.地震地质,30(1):111—131.
张先康,赵金仁,张成科等,2002.帕米尔东北侧地壳结构研究.地球物理学报,45(5):665—671.
张裕明,周本刚,1992.潜在震源区范围的确定.见:地震区划文集.北京:地震出版社.
张裕明,1993.在确定潜在震源区中地震和地质资料的应用.地震地质,14(3):275—278.
张裕明,周本刚,1994.当前潜在震源区研究的主要方向.中国地震,10(1):1—8.
张裕明,周本刚,沈得秀,2006.工程场地地震安全性评价工作中两个问题的讨论.震灾防御技术,1(3):181—185.
赵瑞斌,李军,沈军,2000.喀什坳陷北缘活动断裂与古地震初步研究.地震学报,22(3):327—331.
赵瑞斌,沈军,李军,2001.1902年新疆阿图什8级地震形变特征与发震模式初探.地震地质,23(4):493—500.
周本刚,张裕明,董瑞树等,1997.划分潜在震源区的地震地质规则研究.中国地震,13(3):241—252.
中国地震局震害防御司,1995.中国历史强震目录(公元前23世纪—公元1911年).北京:地震出版社.
Allen M.B.,Vincent S.J.,Wheeler P.J.,1999.Late Cenozoic tectonics of the Kepingtage thrust zone:interaction of the Tien Shan and Tarim Basin,Northwest China.Tectonics,18(4):639—654.
Burtman V.S.,Molnar P.,1993.Geological and geophysical evidence for deep subduction of continental crust beneath the Pamir.Special Paper Geological Society of America,281:l—76.
Wells D.L.,Coppersmith K.J.,1994.New empirical relationships among magnitude,rupture length,rupture width,rupture area,and surface displacement.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,84:974—1002.
Yin A.,Nie S.,Craig P.et a1.,1998.Late Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the southern Chinese Tian Shan.Tectonics,17(1):l—27.
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