地震诱发滑坡复活机制的FLAC~(3D)数值模拟分析
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摘要
地震是影响斜(边)坡、滑坡稳定性的主要因素之一。白龙江上某大型滑坡经顺层斜坡发生倾倒变形而成,天然状态下处于基本稳定状态,在"5.12″汶川地震作用下,该滑坡有整体复活迹象,其后缘周界形成了连续贯通的拉裂缝、错动台阶,尤其是滑坡下游区变形拉裂较明显。本文以该滑坡在地震作用下发生复活为例,在分析滑坡所处的区域地质条件的基础上,详细研究了滑坡的基本特征以及地震作用导致滑坡复活的现象、特征,然后利用FLAC3D软件内置动力分析模块对该滑坡复活机制进行了分析、研究。数值分析表明,地震作用下滑坡变形破坏受坡体形态的影响较显著,滑坡对地震波具有明显的放大效应;同一地震动条件下,滑坡体相对周边处于稳定状态基岩边坡对地震更为敏感。这较好地解释了"5.12″汶川地震作用下,该滑坡的复活原因。
Earthquake is one of the main factors to affect the stability of slopes or landslides.The huge landslide on Bailongjiang was formed in toppling deformation of the bedding slope.It was in a stable state under natural conditions.After the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake,the huge landslide appeared moving phenomena including continuous linking crack and dislocation steps in the trailing edge of landslide.Especially,the rupture deformation of the landslide downstream area tended to be evident.This paper examines the recurrence mechanism of the huge landslide under the earthquake.It is based on the regional geological conditions of landslide.It investigates the basic features in detail and the recurrence phenomenon and the characteristics of landslide.It is accomplished a dynamic analysis of landslide recurrence with the software built-in module FLAC3D.The numerical simulation and analysis show thatthe deformation and damage of the landslide is affected deeply by terrain under earthquake loading.The landslide has an obvious amplification effect under the action of the seismic waves.Compared with the steady rock slope adjacent to the landslide,the landslide was more sensitive to the earthquake loading under the same earthquake magnitude.This result explains well the causes of recurrence of landslide under the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake.
Earthquake is one of the main factors to affect the stability of slopes or landslides.The huge landslide on Bailongjiang was formed in toppling deformation of the bedding slope.It was in a stable state under natural conditions.After the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake,the huge landslide appeared moving phenomena including continuous linking crack and dislocation steps in the trailing edge of landslide.Especially,the rupture deformation of the landslide downstream area tended to be evident.This paper examines the recurrence mechanism of the huge landslide under the earthquake.It is based on the regional geological conditions of landslide.It investigates the basic features in detail and the recurrence phenomenon and the characteristics of landslide.It is accomplished a dynamic analysis of landslide recurrence with the software built-in module FLAC3D.The numerical simulation and analysis show thatthe deformation and damage of the landslide is affected deeply by terrain under earthquake loading.The landslide has an obvious amplification effect under the action of the seismic waves.Compared with the steady rock slope adjacent to the landslide,the landslide was more sensitive to the earthquake loading under the same earthquake magnitude.This result explains well the causes of recurrence of landslide under the 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake.
引文
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[8]许强,陈建君等.斜坡地震响应的物理模拟试验研究,四川大学学报(工程科学版),2009,41(3):266～272.Xu Qiang,Chen Jianjun.Study of the Seismic Response of Slopes by Physical Modeling.Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2009,41(3):266～272.
[9]Richards R,Elms D G.Seismic behavior of gravity retaining walls.Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,ASCE,1979,105(4):449～464.
[10]Lin J S,Whitman R V.Earthquake induced displacements of slid-ing blocks.Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,ASCE,1986,112(1):44～59.
[11]Goodman R E,Seed H B.Earthquake-induced displacements in sand embankment.Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,ASCE,1966,92(SM2):125～146.
[12]夏敏,任光明等.陡倾顺层斜坡倾倒变形破坏的数值模拟研究,第三届全国岩土与工程学术大会论文集,2009,352～355.Xia Min,Reng Guangming.Numerical Simulation For The Toppling Deformation And Failure Properties of Steep Bedding Rockmass Slope,Proceedings of the3rd Conference of Geo-Engineering,China,2009,352～355.
[13]任光明,夏敏等.陡倾顺层岩质斜坡倾倒变形破坏特征研究.岩石力学与工程学报,2009,supp.1:3191～3200.Reng Guangming,Xia Min.Study On Toppling Deformation And Failure Characteristics of Steep Bedding Rock Slope.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,supp.1:3191～3200.
[2]祁生文,伍法权,严福章,等.岩质边坡动力反应分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.1～245Qi Wensheng,Wu Faquan,Yan Fuzhang,et al.Rock Slope Dynamic Response Analysis.Beijing:Science Press2007.1～245.
[3]黄润秋.汶川8.0级地震触发崩滑灾害机制及其地质力学模式[J],岩石力学与工程学报,2008,28(6),1239～1250.Huang Runqiu.Mechanism And Geomechanical Modes of Land-slide Hazards Triggered By Wenchuan8.0Earthquake.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,28(6),1239～1250.
[4]殷跃平.汶川八级地震地质灾害研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(4):433～444.Yin Yueping.Researches on the geo-hazards triggered by Wen-chuan earthquake,Sichuan.Journal of Engineeting Geology,2008,16(4):433～444.
[5]许强,黄润秋.5.12汶川大地震诱发大型崩滑灾害动力特征初探[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):721～729.Xu Qiang.Huang Runqiu.Kinetics charateristics of large land-slides triggred bymay12thWenchuan earthquake.Journal of Engi-neeting Geology,2008,16(6):721～729.
[6]黄润秋,裴向军,李天斌.汶川地震触发大光包巨型滑坡基本特征及形成机理分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(6):730～741Huang Runqiu,Pei Xianjun,LI Tianbin.Basic characteristics and formation mechanism of Daguangbao landslide triggered by Wen-chuan earthquake.Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(6):730～741.
[7]赵纪生,魏景芝等.汶川8.0级地震滑坡、崩塌机制.震灾防御技术,2008,3(4):379～383.Zhao Jisheng,Wei Jingzhi,Mechanism of Landslide and Rockfall Caused by WenchuanMS8.0Earthquake.Technology for Earth-quake Disaster Prevention,2008,3(4):379～383.
[8]许强,陈建君等.斜坡地震响应的物理模拟试验研究,四川大学学报(工程科学版),2009,41(3):266～272.Xu Qiang,Chen Jianjun.Study of the Seismic Response of Slopes by Physical Modeling.Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2009,41(3):266～272.
[9]Richards R,Elms D G.Seismic behavior of gravity retaining walls.Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,ASCE,1979,105(4):449～464.
[10]Lin J S,Whitman R V.Earthquake induced displacements of slid-ing blocks.Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,ASCE,1986,112(1):44～59.
[11]Goodman R E,Seed H B.Earthquake-induced displacements in sand embankment.Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,ASCE,1966,92(SM2):125～146.
[12]夏敏,任光明等.陡倾顺层斜坡倾倒变形破坏的数值模拟研究,第三届全国岩土与工程学术大会论文集,2009,352～355.Xia Min,Reng Guangming.Numerical Simulation For The Toppling Deformation And Failure Properties of Steep Bedding Rockmass Slope,Proceedings of the3rd Conference of Geo-Engineering,China,2009,352～355.
[13]任光明,夏敏等.陡倾顺层岩质斜坡倾倒变形破坏特征研究.岩石力学与工程学报,2009,supp.1:3191～3200.Reng Guangming,Xia Min.Study On Toppling Deformation And Failure Characteristics of Steep Bedding Rock Slope.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,supp.1:3191～3200.
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