水库诱发地震的折迭突变模型
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摘要
基于库水在水库诱发地震中的重要作用,引入水致弱化函数Φ(ω).运用突变理论对走滑断层诱发水库地震的机制进行分析,建立了围岩-断层系统的折迭突变模型,分析了水库诱发地震的发生条件和过程,并给出了系统失稳破裂的临界条件.分析表明:水库诱发地震的临界条件是由围岩刚度与断层本构曲线的软化段斜率的绝对值的比值K确定,在库水的影响下,围岩刚度降低,断层本构曲线的软化段变陡,围岩-断层系统易达到K<1的临界条件,进而诱发水库地震.
A "water weakening" function,Φ(ω),was proposed to predict the effect of water level on reservoir-induced seismic activity(RISA).Catastrophe theory was used to analyze the mechanism of strike-slip fault movement during RISA.A fold catastrophe model for the rock-fault system surrounding a reservoir was established.RISA was predicted by the model and a critical condition where the system becomes unstable was noted.This critical condition is given by the ratio,K,of the stiffness to(the absolute value of) softness in the surrounding rock.Water in the reservoir reduced stiffness and the softening region of the constitutive curve becomes steeper.This makes it easy for the critical condition,K<1,to occur.Hence,RISA is induced in the rock-fault system surrounding the reservoir.
A "water weakening" function,Φ(ω),was proposed to predict the effect of water level on reservoir-induced seismic activity(RISA).Catastrophe theory was used to analyze the mechanism of strike-slip fault movement during RISA.A fold catastrophe model for the rock-fault system surrounding a reservoir was established.RISA was predicted by the model and a critical condition where the system becomes unstable was noted.This critical condition is given by the ratio,K,of the stiffness to(the absolute value of) softness in the surrounding rock.Water in the reservoir reduced stiffness and the softening region of the constitutive curve becomes steeper.This makes it easy for the critical condition,K<1,to occur.Hence,RISA is induced in the rock-fault system surrounding the reservoir.
引文
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[3]牛恩宽,王孔伟,艾志雄.水库诱发地震机理分析[J].灾害与防治工程,2007,2:65-70.NIU En-kuan,WANG Kong-wei,AI Zhi-xiong.Theanalysis for the mechanism of reservoir induced-earthquake[J].Disaster and Control Engineering,2007,2:65-70.
[4]杨松,刘建生,张林洪,等.水库蓄水后对库基岩体隐伏式裂隙的影响[J].云南农业大学学报,2008,23(1):135-139.YANG Song,JIU Jian-sheng,ZHANG Lin-hong,etal.Effects of reservoir filling on rock mass cranny[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,2008,23(1):135-139.
[5]张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1981.
[6]KARCINOVICD.Statistial aspects of the continuousdamage theory[J].International Journal of SolidsStructures,1982,18(7):551-562.
[7]殷有泉,杜静.地震过程的燕尾型突变模型[J].地震学报,1994,16(4):416-422.YIN You-quan,DU Jing.Swallowtail catastrophemodel of earthquake process[J].Acta SeismologicalSinica,1994,16(4):416-422.
[8]潘岳,张勇,于广明.岩体失稳前兆阶段准静态形变平衡方程和加载参数:能量输入率[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(22):4080-4087.PAN Yue,ZHANG Yong,YU Guang-ming.Quasi-static equilibrium equation and load parameter:energyimporting rate in premonitory phase of rock destabili-zation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2005,24(22):4080-4087.
[9]凌复华.突变理论:历史、现状和进展[J].力学进展,1964,14(4):389-404.LING Fu-hua.History,present and progress of ca-tastrophe theory[J].Progress of Mechanics,1964,14(4):389-404.
[10]杨天鸿,唐春安,徐涛.岩石破裂过程的渗流特性:理论、模型与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
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