风力发电机组结构建模研究进展
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摘要
基于分析力学建模、基于多体动力学建模和基于有限元法建模是3种常见的风力发电机组结构建模方法。从历史以及逻辑的角度对这3种建模方式进行了梳理,给出了各自的共同特征与发展前景,并对三者进行了系统比较,为风力发电机组结构建模提供参考。
Analytic mechanics-based modeling, multibody system dynamics-based modeling and finite element method-based modeling are three common structural modeling approaches for wind turbines. The three modeling approaches were discussed based on their historical development and logical relations, common characteristics and development prospects. Furthermore, the three modeling approaches were comprehensively compared, which could provid a reference for the wind turbine system structural modeling.
Analytic mechanics-based modeling, multibody system dynamics-based modeling and finite element method-based modeling are three common structural modeling approaches for wind turbines. The three modeling approaches were discussed based on their historical development and logical relations, common characteristics and development prospects. Furthermore, the three modeling approaches were comprehensively compared, which could provid a reference for the wind turbine system structural modeling.
引文
[1]Wendell J H.Aeroelastic stability of wind turbine rotor blades[R].Washington DC:DOE,1978.
[2]Wendell J H.Simplified aeroelastic stability of wind turbine rotor blades[R].Massachusetts:MIT,1982.
[3]Chopra I.Flap-lag-torsion flutter analysis of a constant lift rotor[R].Washington DC:DOE,1978.
[4]Miller R H,Dugundji J,Martinez-Sanchez M.Aerodynamics of horizontal axis wind turbines-vol.2[R].Massachusetts:MIT,1978.
[5]Chopra I.Non-linear response of wind turbine rotor[R].Washington DC:NASA,1979.
[6]Houbolt J C,Brooks G W.Differential equations of motion for combined flapwise bending,and torsion of twisted nonuniform rotor blades[R].Washington DC:NASA,1958.
[7]Hodges D H,Ormiston R A.Stability of elastic bending and torsion of uniform cantilever rotor blades in hover with variable structural coupling[R].Washington DC:NASA,1976.
[8]Hodges D H.Vibration and response of nonuniform rotating beams with discontinuities[J].Journal of the American Helicopter Society,1979,24(5):43-50.
[9]Kottapalli S B R,Friedmann P P.Aeroelasticity stability and response of horizontal axis wind turbine blade[J].AIAA Journal,1979,17(12):1381-1389.
[10]Stephens W B,Hodges D H,Avila J H,et al.Stability of nonuniform rotor blades in hover using a mixed formulation[C]//6th European Rotorcraft and Powered Lift Aircraft Forum.Bristol,England:Controller HMSO,1980:1-23.
[11]Storddard F S.Structural dynamics,stability and control of high aspect ratio wind turbines[D].Massachusetts:University of Massachusetts,1978.
[12]Miller R H,Dugundji J,Sheu D,et al.Dynamic of horizontal axis wind turbine[R].Washington DC:DOE,1978.
[13]Sheu D L.Effects of tower motion on dynamic response of windmill rotor[R].Washington DC:DOE,1978.
[14]Hultgren L S,Dugundji J.Dynamics of a flexible rotor-tower system[R].Massachusetts:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,1979.
[15]Friedmann P P.Aeroelastic modeling of large wind turbines[J].Journal of the American Helicopter Society,1976,21(4):17-27.
[16]Friedmann P P.Recent developments in rotary-wing aeroelaticity[J].Journal of Aircraft,1977(14):1027-1041.
[17]Warmbrodt W.Aeroelastic Response and stability of a coupled rotor/support system with application to large horizontal axis wind turbine[D].Los Angeles:University of California,1978.
[18]Warmbrodt W,Friedmann P.Formulation of the aeroelastic stability and response problem of coupled rotor/support system[R].Washington DC:NASA,1979.
[19]Warmbrodt W,Friedmann P.Coupled rotor/tower aeroelastic analysis of large horizontal axial wind turbine[J].AIAA Journal,1980,18(9):1118-1124.
[20]Thresher R W.Wind turbine dynamics[M].Virginia:National Technical Information Service,1981:1-445.
[21]Steinhart E.Dynamic and aeroelastic characteristic of complete wind turbines systems[C]//7th European Rotorcraft and Powered lift Aircraft Forum.Garmisch-Partenkirchen.Germany:Flight Characteristics Design in Distribution,1981:11-22.
[22]Kiebling F.Modellierung des aeroelastischen gasamtsystems einer windturbine mit hilfe symbolischer programmierung[D].Gottingen:Deutsche Forschungs-und Abteilung Elastomechanik und Aeroelastische Stabilitat,1984.
[23]窦秀荣.水平轴风力机气动性能及结构动力学特性研究[D].济南:山东工业大学,1997.
[24]Paluch B,Berlu P.A computer-aided approach of loads prediction for HAWT based on flexible multibody dynamics[C]//Proc of1999EWEC.Nice,France:James&James,1999:270-273.
[25]Lee D,Hodges D H,Patil M J.Multi-flexible-body dynamic analysis of horizontal axis wind turbines[J].Wind Energy,2002(5):281-300.
[26]Wright A D,Kelley N D,Osgood R M.Validation of a model for a two-bladed flexible rotor system:progress to date[C]//Proceedings of the37th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit.Reno,Nevada:AIAA,1999:293-307.
[27]Wilson R E,Walker S N,Heh P.Technical and user’s manual for the FAST_AD advanced dynamics code[R].Corvallis,Oregon:Oregon State University,1999.
[28]Buhl M L,Wright A D,Pierce K G.Wind turbine design codes:a comparison of the structural response[C]//Proceedings of the2000ASME Wind Energy Symposium,38th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit.Reno,Nevada:AIAA,2000:12-22.
[29]李德源,叶枝全,陈严.风力机旋转叶片的多体动力学分析[J].太阳能学报,2005,26(4):473-481.
[30]金鑫.风力发电机组系统建模与仿真研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2007.
[31]Molenaar D P.Cost-effective design and operation of variable speed wind turbines[D].Netherlands:Delft University of Technology,2003.
[32]贺广零.考虑土-结构相互作用的风力发电高塔系统地震动力响应分析[J].机械工程学报,2009,45(7):87-94.
[33]Hodges D H,Patil M J.Multi-flexible-body dynamic analysis for application to wind turbine control design[R].Virginia:AIAA,2000.
[34]Cesnik C E S,Hodges D H.VABS:a new concept for composite rotor blade cross-sectional modeling[J].Journal of the American Helicopter Society,1997,42(1):27-38.
[35]Zhao X Y,Maiber P,Wu J Y.A new multibody modeling methodology for wind turbine structures using a cardanic joint beam element[J].Renewable Energy,2007,32:532-546.
[36]Neto M A,Yu W B,Ambrosio A C.Design blades of a wind turbine using flexible multibody modeling[C]//International Conference on Renewable Energy and Power Quality.Valencia,Spain:ICREPQ’09,2009:1-8.
[37]Lobtiz D W.A nanstran-based computer program for structural dynamic analysis of horizontal axis wind turbine[R].Cleveland:Department of Energy and NASA-Lewis,1984.
[38]Murtagh P J,Collins R,Basu B.Dynamic response and vibration control of wind turbine towers[J].Irish Engineers Journal,2004,58(7):1-7.
[39]Murtagh P J,Basu B,Broderick B M.Along-wind response of a wind turbine tower with blade coupling subjected to rotationally sampled wind loading[J].Engineering Structures,2005,27(8):1209-1219.
[40]Murtagh P J,Ghosh A,Basu B,et al.Passive control of wind turbine vibrations including blade/tower interaction and rotationally sampled turbulence[J].Wind Energy,2008(11):305-317.
[41]Colwell S,Basu,B.Tuned liquid column dampers in offshore wind turbines for structural control[J].Engineering Structures,2009,31:358-368.
[42]张晨晨.兆瓦级风力发电机组的动力学分析[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2007.
[43]贺广零.风力发电高塔系统风致随机动力响应分析与抗风可靠度研究[D].上海:同济大学,2009.
[44]Bazeos N,Hatzigeorgiou G D,Hondros I D,et al.Static,seismic and stability analyses of a prototype wind turbine steel tower[J].Engineering Structures,2002,24(8):1015-1025.
[45]Lavassas I,Nikolaidis G,Zervas P,et al.Analysis and design of the prototype of a steel1-MW wind turbine tower[J].Engineering Structures,2003,25(8):1097-1106.
[46]陆萍,黄珊秋,张俊,等.风力机筒形塔架结构静动态特性的有限元分析[J].太阳能学报,1997,18(4):359-364.
[47]陆萍,秦惠芳,栾芝云.基于有限元法的风力机塔架结构动态分析[J].机械工程学报,2002,38(9):127-130.
[48]包能胜,曹人靖,叶枝全.风力机桨叶结构振动特性有限元分析[J].太阳能学报,2000,21(1):77-81.
[49]李德源,叶枝全,陈严,等.风力机叶片载荷谱及疲劳寿命分析[J].工程力学,2004,12(6):118-123.
[50]陆佑方.柔性多体系统动力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1996:1-579.
[51]钟万勰.分析结构力学与有限元[J].动力学与控制学报,2004,2(4):1-8.
[52]Nithian T S.Dynamics stability of a rotor blade using finite element analysis[J].AIAA Journal,1982,20(5):716-723.
[53]Bauchay O A,Hong C H.Finite element approach to rotor blade modeling[J].Journal of American Helicopter Society,1987,21(1):73-96.
[54]郑兆昌,程永明,任革学.直升机/机身系统的气弹响应分析(一):旋翼系统的建模[J].应用力学学报,1999,16(1):33-39.
[55]陈彦.大型水平轴风力机结构动力响应与稳定性研究[D].北京:清华大学,1999.
[56]王介龙.大型水平轴风力机耦合动力学系统气弹响应与稳定性分析[D].北京:清华大学,2001.
[57]Baumjohann F,Hermanski M,Diekmann R.3D-multibody simulation of wind turbine with flexible components[J].DEWI Magazine,2002(20):63-66.
[58]Kuhn M J.Dynamics and design optimization of offshore wind energy conversion systems[D].the Netherlands:Delft University of Technology,2001.
[2]Wendell J H.Simplified aeroelastic stability of wind turbine rotor blades[R].Massachusetts:MIT,1982.
[3]Chopra I.Flap-lag-torsion flutter analysis of a constant lift rotor[R].Washington DC:DOE,1978.
[4]Miller R H,Dugundji J,Martinez-Sanchez M.Aerodynamics of horizontal axis wind turbines-vol.2[R].Massachusetts:MIT,1978.
[5]Chopra I.Non-linear response of wind turbine rotor[R].Washington DC:NASA,1979.
[6]Houbolt J C,Brooks G W.Differential equations of motion for combined flapwise bending,and torsion of twisted nonuniform rotor blades[R].Washington DC:NASA,1958.
[7]Hodges D H,Ormiston R A.Stability of elastic bending and torsion of uniform cantilever rotor blades in hover with variable structural coupling[R].Washington DC:NASA,1976.
[8]Hodges D H.Vibration and response of nonuniform rotating beams with discontinuities[J].Journal of the American Helicopter Society,1979,24(5):43-50.
[9]Kottapalli S B R,Friedmann P P.Aeroelasticity stability and response of horizontal axis wind turbine blade[J].AIAA Journal,1979,17(12):1381-1389.
[10]Stephens W B,Hodges D H,Avila J H,et al.Stability of nonuniform rotor blades in hover using a mixed formulation[C]//6th European Rotorcraft and Powered Lift Aircraft Forum.Bristol,England:Controller HMSO,1980:1-23.
[11]Storddard F S.Structural dynamics,stability and control of high aspect ratio wind turbines[D].Massachusetts:University of Massachusetts,1978.
[12]Miller R H,Dugundji J,Sheu D,et al.Dynamic of horizontal axis wind turbine[R].Washington DC:DOE,1978.
[13]Sheu D L.Effects of tower motion on dynamic response of windmill rotor[R].Washington DC:DOE,1978.
[14]Hultgren L S,Dugundji J.Dynamics of a flexible rotor-tower system[R].Massachusetts:Massachusetts Institute of Technology,1979.
[15]Friedmann P P.Aeroelastic modeling of large wind turbines[J].Journal of the American Helicopter Society,1976,21(4):17-27.
[16]Friedmann P P.Recent developments in rotary-wing aeroelaticity[J].Journal of Aircraft,1977(14):1027-1041.
[17]Warmbrodt W.Aeroelastic Response and stability of a coupled rotor/support system with application to large horizontal axis wind turbine[D].Los Angeles:University of California,1978.
[18]Warmbrodt W,Friedmann P.Formulation of the aeroelastic stability and response problem of coupled rotor/support system[R].Washington DC:NASA,1979.
[19]Warmbrodt W,Friedmann P.Coupled rotor/tower aeroelastic analysis of large horizontal axial wind turbine[J].AIAA Journal,1980,18(9):1118-1124.
[20]Thresher R W.Wind turbine dynamics[M].Virginia:National Technical Information Service,1981:1-445.
[21]Steinhart E.Dynamic and aeroelastic characteristic of complete wind turbines systems[C]//7th European Rotorcraft and Powered lift Aircraft Forum.Garmisch-Partenkirchen.Germany:Flight Characteristics Design in Distribution,1981:11-22.
[22]Kiebling F.Modellierung des aeroelastischen gasamtsystems einer windturbine mit hilfe symbolischer programmierung[D].Gottingen:Deutsche Forschungs-und Abteilung Elastomechanik und Aeroelastische Stabilitat,1984.
[23]窦秀荣.水平轴风力机气动性能及结构动力学特性研究[D].济南:山东工业大学,1997.
[24]Paluch B,Berlu P.A computer-aided approach of loads prediction for HAWT based on flexible multibody dynamics[C]//Proc of1999EWEC.Nice,France:James&James,1999:270-273.
[25]Lee D,Hodges D H,Patil M J.Multi-flexible-body dynamic analysis of horizontal axis wind turbines[J].Wind Energy,2002(5):281-300.
[26]Wright A D,Kelley N D,Osgood R M.Validation of a model for a two-bladed flexible rotor system:progress to date[C]//Proceedings of the37th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit.Reno,Nevada:AIAA,1999:293-307.
[27]Wilson R E,Walker S N,Heh P.Technical and user’s manual for the FAST_AD advanced dynamics code[R].Corvallis,Oregon:Oregon State University,1999.
[28]Buhl M L,Wright A D,Pierce K G.Wind turbine design codes:a comparison of the structural response[C]//Proceedings of the2000ASME Wind Energy Symposium,38th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit.Reno,Nevada:AIAA,2000:12-22.
[29]李德源,叶枝全,陈严.风力机旋转叶片的多体动力学分析[J].太阳能学报,2005,26(4):473-481.
[30]金鑫.风力发电机组系统建模与仿真研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2007.
[31]Molenaar D P.Cost-effective design and operation of variable speed wind turbines[D].Netherlands:Delft University of Technology,2003.
[32]贺广零.考虑土-结构相互作用的风力发电高塔系统地震动力响应分析[J].机械工程学报,2009,45(7):87-94.
[33]Hodges D H,Patil M J.Multi-flexible-body dynamic analysis for application to wind turbine control design[R].Virginia:AIAA,2000.
[34]Cesnik C E S,Hodges D H.VABS:a new concept for composite rotor blade cross-sectional modeling[J].Journal of the American Helicopter Society,1997,42(1):27-38.
[35]Zhao X Y,Maiber P,Wu J Y.A new multibody modeling methodology for wind turbine structures using a cardanic joint beam element[J].Renewable Energy,2007,32:532-546.
[36]Neto M A,Yu W B,Ambrosio A C.Design blades of a wind turbine using flexible multibody modeling[C]//International Conference on Renewable Energy and Power Quality.Valencia,Spain:ICREPQ’09,2009:1-8.
[37]Lobtiz D W.A nanstran-based computer program for structural dynamic analysis of horizontal axis wind turbine[R].Cleveland:Department of Energy and NASA-Lewis,1984.
[38]Murtagh P J,Collins R,Basu B.Dynamic response and vibration control of wind turbine towers[J].Irish Engineers Journal,2004,58(7):1-7.
[39]Murtagh P J,Basu B,Broderick B M.Along-wind response of a wind turbine tower with blade coupling subjected to rotationally sampled wind loading[J].Engineering Structures,2005,27(8):1209-1219.
[40]Murtagh P J,Ghosh A,Basu B,et al.Passive control of wind turbine vibrations including blade/tower interaction and rotationally sampled turbulence[J].Wind Energy,2008(11):305-317.
[41]Colwell S,Basu,B.Tuned liquid column dampers in offshore wind turbines for structural control[J].Engineering Structures,2009,31:358-368.
[42]张晨晨.兆瓦级风力发电机组的动力学分析[D].沈阳:沈阳工业大学,2007.
[43]贺广零.风力发电高塔系统风致随机动力响应分析与抗风可靠度研究[D].上海:同济大学,2009.
[44]Bazeos N,Hatzigeorgiou G D,Hondros I D,et al.Static,seismic and stability analyses of a prototype wind turbine steel tower[J].Engineering Structures,2002,24(8):1015-1025.
[45]Lavassas I,Nikolaidis G,Zervas P,et al.Analysis and design of the prototype of a steel1-MW wind turbine tower[J].Engineering Structures,2003,25(8):1097-1106.
[46]陆萍,黄珊秋,张俊,等.风力机筒形塔架结构静动态特性的有限元分析[J].太阳能学报,1997,18(4):359-364.
[47]陆萍,秦惠芳,栾芝云.基于有限元法的风力机塔架结构动态分析[J].机械工程学报,2002,38(9):127-130.
[48]包能胜,曹人靖,叶枝全.风力机桨叶结构振动特性有限元分析[J].太阳能学报,2000,21(1):77-81.
[49]李德源,叶枝全,陈严,等.风力机叶片载荷谱及疲劳寿命分析[J].工程力学,2004,12(6):118-123.
[50]陆佑方.柔性多体系统动力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1996:1-579.
[51]钟万勰.分析结构力学与有限元[J].动力学与控制学报,2004,2(4):1-8.
[52]Nithian T S.Dynamics stability of a rotor blade using finite element analysis[J].AIAA Journal,1982,20(5):716-723.
[53]Bauchay O A,Hong C H.Finite element approach to rotor blade modeling[J].Journal of American Helicopter Society,1987,21(1):73-96.
[54]郑兆昌,程永明,任革学.直升机/机身系统的气弹响应分析(一):旋翼系统的建模[J].应用力学学报,1999,16(1):33-39.
[55]陈彦.大型水平轴风力机结构动力响应与稳定性研究[D].北京:清华大学,1999.
[56]王介龙.大型水平轴风力机耦合动力学系统气弹响应与稳定性分析[D].北京:清华大学,2001.
[57]Baumjohann F,Hermanski M,Diekmann R.3D-multibody simulation of wind turbine with flexible components[J].DEWI Magazine,2002(20):63-66.
[58]Kuhn M J.Dynamics and design optimization of offshore wind energy conversion systems[D].the Netherlands:Delft University of Technology,2001.
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