厚壁圆筒式两相流体致裂仪研制
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摘要
两相条件下岩石强度是重要力学参数,是CO2地质封存、油气田开发、非常规能源开采等工程中压裂增采与安全控制共性科学问题。厚壁圆筒式两相流体致裂仪的开发,可以对含有两相流体的厚壁圆筒试件施加不同内压、轴压、围压和孔隙压力的应力组合,实现两相条件下岩石拉破坏试验控制。该研究解决了试验过程中温度稳定、饱和度控制、内压和孔隙压力密封性等技术问题。为检验仪器的性能,采用某砂岩进行可重复性验证试验、两相流体条件下致裂试验和不同应力路径下致裂试验。试验结果表明:致裂仪的温度及压力稳定性好,控制精度高,试验结果可重复性强,可以为两相流体岩石拉剪破坏特性研究提供新的手段。
The strength of rock in two-phase fluids is an important parameter and is scientific problem in common of fracturing-enhanced oil recovery and safety control for projects such as CO2 geological storage,oilfield development and unconventional energy exploitation.A new hollow-cylinder cell has been developed to investigate the effects of two-phase fluids on rock failure.The hollow-cylinder cell can apply different combinations of internal and external hydrostatic pressures,axial and pore pressures to explore the rock tensile strength in state of true triaxial stress;and rock tensile failure test in two-phase fluids can be controlled.Technical problems for uniformity and constancy of testing temperature,saturation degree control and sample sealing performance under high triaxial pressure during test are solved.The failure stresses were measured for dry and water/CO2 containing fine sandstone samples.To verify the performances,repeatable verifying test,fracture test in two-phase fluids and fracture tests in different loading paths are conducted.Test results show that the apparatus exhibits performances with excellent temperature and pressure stability,high control accuracy and strong repeatability.The apparatus can serve as a new tool providing scientific data for validating failure criteria,especially in tensile regime for two-phase fluid bearing rocks.
The strength of rock in two-phase fluids is an important parameter and is scientific problem in common of fracturing-enhanced oil recovery and safety control for projects such as CO2 geological storage,oilfield development and unconventional energy exploitation.A new hollow-cylinder cell has been developed to investigate the effects of two-phase fluids on rock failure.The hollow-cylinder cell can apply different combinations of internal and external hydrostatic pressures,axial and pore pressures to explore the rock tensile strength in state of true triaxial stress;and rock tensile failure test in two-phase fluids can be controlled.Technical problems for uniformity and constancy of testing temperature,saturation degree control and sample sealing performance under high triaxial pressure during test are solved.The failure stresses were measured for dry and water/CO2 containing fine sandstone samples.To verify the performances,repeatable verifying test,fracture test in two-phase fluids and fracture tests in different loading paths are conducted.Test results show that the apparatus exhibits performances with excellent temperature and pressure stability,high control accuracy and strong repeatability.The apparatus can serve as a new tool providing scientific data for validating failure criteria,especially in tensile regime for two-phase fluid bearing rocks.
引文
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[10]ALSAYED M I.Utilising the Hoek triaxial cell for multiaxial testingof hollow rock cylinders[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Mining Sciences,2002,39(3):355-366.
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[15]尤明庆,苏承东.砂岩孔道试样压拉应力下强度和破坏的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(6):1096-1105.(YOU Mingqing,SU Chengdong.Study of strength and failure of hollow cylinders andrings of sandstone under compression-tension stresses[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(6):1 096-1 105.(in Chinese))
[16]GAMA D D,MENEZES J.The hollow cylinder test in themeasurement of mechanical rock properties[C]//Proceedings of the2nd International Association of Engineering Geology.S o Paulo,Brazil:[s.n.],1974:1-10.
[17]PENTLAND C H.Measurements of non-wetting phase trapping inporous media[Ph.D.Thesis][D].London,UK:Imperial College London,2010.
[2]RUTQVIST J,BIRKHOLZER J T,TSANG C F.Coupled reservoir-geomechanical analysis of the potential for tensile and shear failureassociated with CO2injection in multilayered reservoir-caprock systems[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2008,45(2):132-143.
[3]尤明庆.岩石的力学性质[M].北京:地质出版社,2007:249-273.(YOU Mingqing.Mechanical properties of rock[M].Beijing:Geological Press,2007:249-273.(in Chinese))
[4]MOGI K.Experimental rock mechanics[M].UK:Taylor and Francis,2007:51-56
[5]张后全.岩石厚壁圆筒高压卸载环状劈裂及其相关力学行为研究[博士学位论文][D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2010.(ZHANG Houquan.Study on ringlike splitting failure and its related mechanical behaviorof rock cylinders under unloading condition after high compression[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2010.(in Chinese))
[6]ADAMS F D.An experimental contribution to the question of thedepth of the zone of flow in the earth s crust[J].The Journal ofGeology,1912,20(2):97-118.
[7]PéRIéP J.Laboratory investigation of rock fracture on borehole[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Berkeley,USA:University of California,1990.
[8]LEE D H,JUANG C H,CHEN J W,et al.Stress paths andmechanical behavior of a sandstone in hollow cylinder tests[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1999,36(7):857-870.
[9]SONG I S,SUH M,WON SIK K,et al.A laboratory study ofhydraulic fracturing breakdown pressure in table rock sandstone[J].Geosciences Journal,2001,5(3):263-271.
[10]ALSAYED M I.Utilising the Hoek triaxial cell for multiaxial testingof hollow rock cylinders[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Mining Sciences,2002,39(3):355-366.
[11]KANJ M,ABOUSLEIMAN Y,GHANEM R.Poromechanics ofanisotropic hollow cylinders[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,2003,129(11):1 277-1 287.
[12]MONFARED M,DELAGE P,SULEM J,et al.A new hollow cylindertriaxial cell to study the behavior of geo-materials with low permeability[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2011,48(4):637-649.
[13]吴景浓,吴绵拔.内孔加压三轴条件下岩石的破裂试验研究[J].地震地质,1986,8(2):69-76.(WUJingnong,WUMianba.Experimentalresearch of rock fracture under pore-traixial stress condition[J].Seismology and Geology,1986,8(2):69-76.(in Chinese))
[14]吴景浓.室内岩石水压致裂三轴试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,1986,8(4):61-69.(WU Jingnong.Research on laboratory traxial testfor rock hydro-fracture[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1986,8(4):61-69.(in Chinese))
[15]尤明庆,苏承东.砂岩孔道试样压拉应力下强度和破坏的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(6):1096-1105.(YOU Mingqing,SU Chengdong.Study of strength and failure of hollow cylinders andrings of sandstone under compression-tension stresses[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(6):1 096-1 105.(in Chinese))
[16]GAMA D D,MENEZES J.The hollow cylinder test in themeasurement of mechanical rock properties[C]//Proceedings of the2nd International Association of Engineering Geology.S o Paulo,Brazil:[s.n.],1974:1-10.
[17]PENTLAND C H.Measurements of non-wetting phase trapping inporous media[Ph.D.Thesis][D].London,UK:Imperial College London,2010.
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