汶川地震内外动力耦合及灾害实例
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摘要
内动力和外动力地质作用是地质灾害形成过程中不可缺少的两种作用,但是,以往的地质灾害研究偏重于外动力作用,对于外动力与内动力耦合作用的形式,由于缺少直观的实例,只能根据经验感觉进行判断和定性的研究。四川汶川MS8.0级地震在给人们带来灾难和损失的同时,也给人们认识内外动力耦合作用形式提供了机会。本文在龙门山地区地震地质和地质灾害调查的基础上,总结了山区地震地质灾害形成过程中内外动力耦合作用的主要表现形式,主要包括活动断裂和风化作用的耦合、岩土体结构与变形破坏形式的耦合、地震力与地形地貌的耦合以及地震力与地下水的耦合等。采用实例剖析了地震滑坡形成过程中各种地质作用及其产物之间的相互联系,对于认识地震地质灾害形成机理和发育规律具有一定的指导意义。
The endogenic and exogenic geological processes are two indispensable processes for geo-hazard occurrence.However,only was exogenic geological process widely emphasized in the past,while the coupling between endogenic and exogenic geological processes were only presented in formations of experiential judges and qualitative studies.The M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake provides a good chance to further study coupling processes between endogenic and exogenic geologic processes when it resulted in inestimable casualties and property losses.This paper summarizes the general manifestations of coupling processes in mountainous area,e.g.the couplings between active fault and weathering,rock-soil mass structure and deformation failure,geomorphology and seismic force,seismic force and groundwater.An analysi has been made on the relationships between various geological processes and their results during seismic landslide occurrence,which will be of certain guiding significance for understanding seismic geo-hazard mechanism and its development regularity.
The endogenic and exogenic geological processes are two indispensable processes for geo-hazard occurrence.However,only was exogenic geological process widely emphasized in the past,while the coupling between endogenic and exogenic geological processes were only presented in formations of experiential judges and qualitative studies.The M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake provides a good chance to further study coupling processes between endogenic and exogenic geologic processes when it resulted in inestimable casualties and property losses.This paper summarizes the general manifestations of coupling processes in mountainous area,e.g.the couplings between active fault and weathering,rock-soil mass structure and deformation failure,geomorphology and seismic force,seismic force and groundwater.An analysi has been made on the relationships between various geological processes and their results during seismic landslide occurrence,which will be of certain guiding significance for understanding seismic geo-hazard mechanism and its development regularity.
引文
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[13]张永双,雷伟志,石菊松,等.四川5.12地震次生地质灾害的基本特征初析[J].地质力学学报,2008,14(2):109~116.ZHANGYong-shuang,LEI Wei-zhi,SHI Ju-song,et al.General characteristics of 5.12 earthquake-induced geo-hazards inSichuan[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2008,14(2):109~116.
[14]廖秋林,李晓,董艳辉,等.川藏公路林芝-八宿段地质灾害特征及形成机制初探[J].地质力学学报,2004,10(1):33~39.LIAO Qiu-lin,LI Xiao,DONG Yan-hui,et al.Characteristics andformation mechanismof geological hazards alongthe sectionfromNyingchi to Baxoi of the Sichuan-Tibet highway[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2004,10(1):33~39.
[2]张永双,曲永新,吴树仁,等.秦岭造山带工程地质研究导论[J].工程地质学报,2004,12(Supp.):44~49.ZHANG Yong-shuang,QUYong-xin,WUShu-ren,et al.The research introduction of engineering geology in Qinling orogenicbelt[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2004,12(Supp.):44~49.
[3]黄润秋.岩石高边坡发育的动力过程及其稳定性控制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(8):1525~1544.HUANG Run-qiu.Geodynamical process and stability control of high rock slope development[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2008,27(8):1525~1544.
[4]李晓,李守定,陈剑,等.地质灾害形成的内外动力耦合作用机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1792~1806.LI Xiao,LI Shou-ding,CHEN Jian,et al.Coupling effect mechanism of endogenic and exogenic geological processes ofgeological hazards evolution[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1792~1806.
[5]姚鑫,张永双.基于差分干涉雷达的汶川地震同震形变特点[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(2):151~161.YAO Xin,ZHANG Yong-shuang.Co-seismic deformation of 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake based on D-InSAR[J].Journal ofGeomechanics,2009,15(2):151~161.
[6]彭华,马秀敏,姜景捷.山丹地应力监测站体应变仪的地震效应[J].地质力学学报,2008,14(2):97~108.PENG Hua,MAXiu-min,JIANGJing-jie.Analysis of the volume strain data fromthe Shandanin-situ stress Monitoring Station[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2008,14(2):97~108.
[7]彭华,马秀敏,姜景捷.龙门山北端青川断层附近应力测量与断层稳定性[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(2):114~130.PENG Hua,MAXiumin,JIANG Jingjie.Stability and stress measurement near the Qingchuan fault in the northern LongmenMountains[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2009,15(2):114~130.
[8]谭成轩,孙叶,吴树仁,等.“5.12”汶川MS8.0大地震后关于我国区域地壳稳定性评价的思考[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(2):142~150.TANCheng-xuan,SUNYe,WUShu-ren,et al.Aconsideration on regional crustal stability assessment after 5.12 WenchuanMS8.0 strong earthquake in China[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2009,15(2):142~150.
[9]王连捷,周春景,孙东生,等.汶川5.12地震引起的库仑应力变化及其对周边地震活动的影响[J].地质力学学报,2008,14(3):193~200.WANGLian-jie,ZHOUChun-jing,SUN Dong-sheng,et al.Coulomb stress changes caused by Wenchuan earthquake and itsinfluence on seismic activityinthe adjacent area[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2008,14(3):193~200.
[10]王连捷,崔军文,周春景,等.汶川5.12地震发震机理的数值模拟[J].地质力学学报,2009,15(2):105~113.WANGLian-jie,CUI Jun-wen,ZHOU Chun-jing,et al.Numerical modeling of Wenchuan 5.12 earthquake mechanism[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2009,15(2):105~113.
[11]殷跃平.汶川八级地震地质灾害研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(4):433~444.YINYue-ping.Researchs onthe geo-hazards triggered by Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(4):433~444.
[12]姚鑫,文冬光,戴福初,等.“5.12”汶川地震震后龙门山山前地表塌陷成因探讨[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(5):577~583.YAO Xin,WENDong-guang,DAI Fu-chu,et al.Discussions on possible causes of the formation of more than fifty groundcollapse pits in Anxian Countyinfront of Longmenshan afterthe 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(5):577~583.
[13]张永双,雷伟志,石菊松,等.四川5.12地震次生地质灾害的基本特征初析[J].地质力学学报,2008,14(2):109~116.ZHANGYong-shuang,LEI Wei-zhi,SHI Ju-song,et al.General characteristics of 5.12 earthquake-induced geo-hazards inSichuan[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2008,14(2):109~116.
[14]廖秋林,李晓,董艳辉,等.川藏公路林芝-八宿段地质灾害特征及形成机制初探[J].地质力学学报,2004,10(1):33~39.LIAO Qiu-lin,LI Xiao,DONG Yan-hui,et al.Characteristics andformation mechanismof geological hazards alongthe sectionfromNyingchi to Baxoi of the Sichuan-Tibet highway[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2004,10(1):33~39.
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