生烃超压随钻预监测方法
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摘要
长期以来,对异常高压预监测的研究集中在欠压实成因上,认为烃类生成成因的异常高压是难以预监测,甚至是不可预监测的。为实现生烃超压的预监测,对生烃地层和欠压实地层的测录井参数响应特征进行了对比,并对烃类生成所产生的异常高压随井深的变化规律进行了研究,结果表明:生烃地层在中子密度、声波时差、地层可钻性指数等方面的响应特征跟欠压实地层是一致的,且其生成的异常高压随井深增加也呈规律性变化;地层可钻性指数等方法所预监测的地层压力并不仅仅是欠压实成因的,也包括生烃增压的贡献。在此基础上,提出了二者贡献的区分方法及将地层可钻性指数与烃类体积响应参数结合在一起的综合性指数和BP神经网络2种超压预监测方法。该研究打破了生烃超压不可预监测的观点,有助于提高对异常高压的地质认识和随钻预监测水平。
The research of overpressure prediction and detection has long been concentrated on under-compaction,the overpressure originated from hydrocarbon generation was thought difficult and even impossible to be predicted and detected.In order to predict and detect the pressure originated from hydrocarbon generation,we compared the characteristics of under-compaction strata with that of source rocks,and studied the changing of pressure caused by hydrocarbon generation with depth.The results show that the socalled under-compaction actually is the combined response of genuine under-compaction and hydrocarbon generation,the pressure generated by hydrocarbon generation could also be predicted and detected while drilling.Based on that,the method distinguishing their contribution and the predicting and detecting methods,such as exponent and neural network,are put forward.This research result renew the viewpoint that the overpressure originated from hydrocarbon generation couldn't be predicted and detected,so,it contributes to improve geology understanding about overpressure and the level of overpressure prediction and detection.
The research of overpressure prediction and detection has long been concentrated on under-compaction,the overpressure originated from hydrocarbon generation was thought difficult and even impossible to be predicted and detected.In order to predict and detect the pressure originated from hydrocarbon generation,we compared the characteristics of under-compaction strata with that of source rocks,and studied the changing of pressure caused by hydrocarbon generation with depth.The results show that the socalled under-compaction actually is the combined response of genuine under-compaction and hydrocarbon generation,the pressure generated by hydrocarbon generation could also be predicted and detected while drilling.Based on that,the method distinguishing their contribution and the predicting and detecting methods,such as exponent and neural network,are put forward.This research result renew the viewpoint that the overpressure originated from hydrocarbon generation couldn't be predicted and detected,so,it contributes to improve geology understanding about overpressure and the level of overpressure prediction and detection.
引文
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[12]Hege M Nordgard Bolas,Christian Hermanrud,Gunn M G Teige.Origin of overpressures in shales:Constraints from basin modeling[J].AAPG Bulletin,2004,88(2):193-211.
[13]王志战,盖姗姗,许爱生.基于dc指数的2种异常压力随钻预监测新方法[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2012,43(4):1429-1433.
[14]John S Bradley,David E Powley.Pressure compartments in sedi mentary basins:A review[C].Houston:The Houston Chapter of The American Association of Drilling Engineers,1994:3-26.
[15]孟庆峰,侯贵廷.页岩气成藏地质条件及中国上扬子区页岩气潜力[J].油气地质与采收率,2012,19(1):11-14.
[16]范柏江,师良,庞雄奇.页岩气成藏特点及勘探选区条件[J].油气地质与采收率,2011,18(6):9-13.
[17]宋梅远,张善文,王永诗,等.沾化凹陷沙三段下亚段泥岩裂缝储层岩性分类及测井识别[J].油气地质与采收率,2011,18(6):18-22.
[18]Jack Dvorkin,Amos Nur.Critical-porosity models[C]//Alan R Huffman,Glenn L Bowers.Pressure regimes in sedimentary basins and their prediction(AAPG MEMOIR76).Houston:The Houston Chapter of The American Association of Drilling Engineers,2002:33-42.
[19]刘晓艳,卢双舫,董佐强,等.镜质体反射率作为成熟度指标的探讨[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1993,12(4):17-19.
[20]卢双舫,刘新颖,王振平,等.松辽盆地深层剥蚀量探讨及其意义[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2005,24(1):20-22.
[21]Robert R Berg,Anthony F Gangi.Primary migration by oil-genera tion microfracturing in low-permeability source rocks:applica tion to the Austin Chalk,Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,1999,83(5):727-756.
[22]张善文,张林晔,张守春,等.东营凹陷古近系异常高压的形成与岩性油藏的含油性研究[J].科学通报,2009,54(11):1570-1578.
[23]王志战,慈兴华.东营凹陷异常压力随钻预测和监测[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011.
[24]Glenn L Bowers.Detecting high overpressure[J].The Leading Edge,2002,2:174-177.
[2]Chilingar G V,Serebryakov V A,Robertson J O,et al.Origin and prediction of abnormal formation pressures[M].Amsterdam:Else vier Science B V,2002.
[3]郝芳.超压盆地生烃作用动力学与油气成藏机理[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[4]祖峰,张宗林,丰全会,等.异常地层压力检测和预测方法[J].石油钻采工艺,2004,26(1):35-38.
[5]董振国.沙32井dc指数检测地层压力的应用研究[J].西部探矿工程,1993,5(4):50-51.
[6]王志战.利用核磁共振和离子色谱参数开展随钻压力检测的探讨[J].录井工程,2007,18(1):1-4.
[7]Rasmus J C,Gray Stephens D M R.Real-time pore-pressure eval uation from MWD/LWD measurements and drilling-derived for mation strength[C].Richardson:The Society of Petroleum Engineers,1999:41-49.
[8]Freitag H C,Kirkwood A,Reese M.An enhanced approah to re al-time pore pressure prediction for optimized pressure manage ment while drilling[J].The Leading Edge,2004,6:574-578.
[9]王志战.沉积盆地异常压力体系及其预监测——以济阳坳陷为例[D].西安:西北大学,2006.
[10]刘厚彬,孟英峰,王先起,等.利用测井资料预测地层孔隙压力方法研究综述[J].西部探矿工程,2006,18(6):91-93.
[11]王越之,李自俊.地震资料预测地层压力方法综述[J].钻采工艺,1997,20(2):5-8.
[12]Hege M Nordgard Bolas,Christian Hermanrud,Gunn M G Teige.Origin of overpressures in shales:Constraints from basin modeling[J].AAPG Bulletin,2004,88(2):193-211.
[13]王志战,盖姗姗,许爱生.基于dc指数的2种异常压力随钻预监测新方法[J].中南大学学报:自然科学版,2012,43(4):1429-1433.
[14]John S Bradley,David E Powley.Pressure compartments in sedi mentary basins:A review[C].Houston:The Houston Chapter of The American Association of Drilling Engineers,1994:3-26.
[15]孟庆峰,侯贵廷.页岩气成藏地质条件及中国上扬子区页岩气潜力[J].油气地质与采收率,2012,19(1):11-14.
[16]范柏江,师良,庞雄奇.页岩气成藏特点及勘探选区条件[J].油气地质与采收率,2011,18(6):9-13.
[17]宋梅远,张善文,王永诗,等.沾化凹陷沙三段下亚段泥岩裂缝储层岩性分类及测井识别[J].油气地质与采收率,2011,18(6):18-22.
[18]Jack Dvorkin,Amos Nur.Critical-porosity models[C]//Alan R Huffman,Glenn L Bowers.Pressure regimes in sedimentary basins and their prediction(AAPG MEMOIR76).Houston:The Houston Chapter of The American Association of Drilling Engineers,2002:33-42.
[19]刘晓艳,卢双舫,董佐强,等.镜质体反射率作为成熟度指标的探讨[J].大庆石油地质与开发,1993,12(4):17-19.
[20]卢双舫,刘新颖,王振平,等.松辽盆地深层剥蚀量探讨及其意义[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2005,24(1):20-22.
[21]Robert R Berg,Anthony F Gangi.Primary migration by oil-genera tion microfracturing in low-permeability source rocks:applica tion to the Austin Chalk,Texas[J].AAPG Bulletin,1999,83(5):727-756.
[22]张善文,张林晔,张守春,等.东营凹陷古近系异常高压的形成与岩性油藏的含油性研究[J].科学通报,2009,54(11):1570-1578.
[23]王志战,慈兴华.东营凹陷异常压力随钻预测和监测[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011.
[24]Glenn L Bowers.Detecting high overpressure[J].The Leading Edge,2002,2:174-177.
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