脆性岩石变形机制与渗透率关系研究
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摘要
为研究脆性岩石变形机制与渗透率-应变的关系,根据脆性岩石应力-应变和渗透率-应变关系曲线分析指出:脆性岩石经压密、弹性变形和非稳定破裂后,内部微裂隙出现丛集式发展,且不断合并、贯通,导致微观结构发生明显变化,使渗透率在临界破坏点处急剧增大;当岩石宏观破坏后,内部结构面上的岩桥或凸起体部分被剪断或磨平,使得岩石强度随变形突然下降,此时渗透率到达峰值。结合重整化群理论分析表明,脆性岩石在应力-应变曲线拐点处应变和渗透率峰值点处应变对应、临界破坏点处应变和渗透率急剧增大点处应变对应。通过试验研究和实例统计分析,验证了结论的合理性。
In order to study the relationship of the brittle deformation mechanism and permeability of rocks, the curves of stress-strain and permeability-strain of rocks were analyzed. The results indicate that the permeability of rocks increases rapidly at the critical failure point because of the significant changes of the micro structure that resulted from the cluster grouping, mergence and transfixion of the internal micro fissure with the compaction, elastic deformation, and progressive failure. The peak permeability is reached when a sudden decrease of rock strength with the deformation occurs, but has a certain residual strength that may be caused by the rock bridges or asperities on the internal structural plane which are ruptured partially or completely after macroscopic failure behavior of rocks. The strain at the critical point and turning point on a stress-strain curve can be analogized as those corresponding to the strain at the rapidly increased point and the peak point on the permeability-strain curve according to the renormalization theory. The conclusions are reasonable by the experimental studies and examples of statistical analyses.
In order to study the relationship of the brittle deformation mechanism and permeability of rocks, the curves of stress-strain and permeability-strain of rocks were analyzed. The results indicate that the permeability of rocks increases rapidly at the critical failure point because of the significant changes of the micro structure that resulted from the cluster grouping, mergence and transfixion of the internal micro fissure with the compaction, elastic deformation, and progressive failure. The peak permeability is reached when a sudden decrease of rock strength with the deformation occurs, but has a certain residual strength that may be caused by the rock bridges or asperities on the internal structural plane which are ruptured partially or completely after macroscopic failure behavior of rocks. The strain at the critical point and turning point on a stress-strain curve can be analogized as those corresponding to the strain at the rapidly increased point and the peak point on the permeability-strain curve according to the renormalization theory. The conclusions are reasonable by the experimental studies and examples of statistical analyses.
引文
曹文贵,赵明华,刘成学.2004.基于weibull分布的岩石损伤软化模型及其修正方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,23(19):3226-3231.
樊秀娟.2007.岩石渗透率与应变相关特性的实验[J].黑龙江科技学院院报,17(2):94-97.
姜振泉,季梁军,左如松,等.2002.岩石在伺服条件下的渗透性与应变、应力的关联性特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,21(10):1442-446.
李长洪,张立新,姚作强,等.2010.两种岩石的不同类型渗透特性实验及其机理分析[J].北京科技大学学报,32(2):159-163.
刘继山.1987.单裂隙受正应力作用时的渗流公式[J].水文地质工程地质,14(2):22-27.
李世平,李玉寿,吴振业.1995.岩石全应力-应变过程对应的渗透率-应变方程[J].岩土工程学报,17(2):13-19.
彭苏萍,屈洪亮,罗立平.2000.沉积岩石全应力应变过程的渗透性试验研究[J].煤炭学报,5(2):113-116.
秦四清,徐锡伟,胡平,等.2010.孕震断层的多锁固段脆性破裂机制与地震预测新方法的探索[J].地球物理学报,53(4):1001-1014.
仵彦卿,曹广祝,丁卫华.2005.CT尺度对砂岩渗流与应力关系实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,23(3):415-419.
王环玲,徐卫亚,杨圣奇.2006.岩石变形破坏过程中渗透率演化规律的试验研究[J].岩土力学,27(10):1703-1708.
杨天鸿,唐春安,朱万成,等.2001.岩石破裂过程渗流与应力耦合分析岩[J].岩土工程学报,23(4):489-493.
朱珍德,张爱军,徐卫亚.2002.脆性岩石全应力-应变过程渗流特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,23(5):555-563.
Barton N R,Bandis S C and Bakhtar K.1985.Strength,deformation andconductivity coupling of rock joints[J].International Journal ofRock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,22(3):121-140.
Bienniawski Z T.1970.Time-dependent behavior of fractured rock[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2(3):123-137.
Cook N G W.1992.Natural joints in rock:mechanical,hydraulicand seismic behavior and properties under normal stress[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences andGeo-mechanics Abstracts,29(3):198-223.
Hudson J A and Fairhurst C.1969.Tensile strength,Weibulls theory anda general statistical approach to rock failure[A].The Proceedingsof the Southampton1969Civil Engineering Materials Conference:901-914.
Wang J A and ParkH D.2002.Fluid permeability of sedimentary rockin a complete stress-strain process[J].Engineering Geology,(63):291-300.
Louis C.1969.A study of groundwater flow in jointed rock and itsinfluence on the stability of rock masses[D].Karlsruhe:Universityof Karlsruhe.
Nolte D D and Pyrak-Nolte L J.1991.Stratified continuum percolation:scaling geometry of hierarchical cascades[J].Physical Review A,44:6320-6333.
Nootishad J,Ayatollahi M S and Witherspoon P A.1982.Finite elementmethod for coupled stress and fluid flow analysis in fractured rockmasses[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.Genomic.,19:185-193.
Oda M.1986.An equivalent continuum model for coupled stress andfluid flow analysis in jointed rock masses[J].Water Resource Res.,22(13):1845-1856.
Snow D T.1968.Fracture deformation and changes of permeability andstorage upon changes of fluid pressure[J].Quarterly ColoradoSchool of Mines,63(1):201-244.
Smalley R F,Turcotte D L and Salla A S.1985.A renormalizationgroup approach to the stick slip behavior of faults[J].Journal ofGeophysical Research,90:1894-1900.
樊秀娟.2007.岩石渗透率与应变相关特性的实验[J].黑龙江科技学院院报,17(2):94-97.
姜振泉,季梁军,左如松,等.2002.岩石在伺服条件下的渗透性与应变、应力的关联性特征[J].岩石力学与工程学报,21(10):1442-446.
李长洪,张立新,姚作强,等.2010.两种岩石的不同类型渗透特性实验及其机理分析[J].北京科技大学学报,32(2):159-163.
刘继山.1987.单裂隙受正应力作用时的渗流公式[J].水文地质工程地质,14(2):22-27.
李世平,李玉寿,吴振业.1995.岩石全应力-应变过程对应的渗透率-应变方程[J].岩土工程学报,17(2):13-19.
彭苏萍,屈洪亮,罗立平.2000.沉积岩石全应力应变过程的渗透性试验研究[J].煤炭学报,5(2):113-116.
秦四清,徐锡伟,胡平,等.2010.孕震断层的多锁固段脆性破裂机制与地震预测新方法的探索[J].地球物理学报,53(4):1001-1014.
仵彦卿,曹广祝,丁卫华.2005.CT尺度对砂岩渗流与应力关系实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,23(3):415-419.
王环玲,徐卫亚,杨圣奇.2006.岩石变形破坏过程中渗透率演化规律的试验研究[J].岩土力学,27(10):1703-1708.
杨天鸿,唐春安,朱万成,等.2001.岩石破裂过程渗流与应力耦合分析岩[J].岩土工程学报,23(4):489-493.
朱珍德,张爱军,徐卫亚.2002.脆性岩石全应力-应变过程渗流特性试验研究[J].岩土力学,23(5):555-563.
Barton N R,Bandis S C and Bakhtar K.1985.Strength,deformation andconductivity coupling of rock joints[J].International Journal ofRock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,22(3):121-140.
Bienniawski Z T.1970.Time-dependent behavior of fractured rock[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2(3):123-137.
Cook N G W.1992.Natural joints in rock:mechanical,hydraulicand seismic behavior and properties under normal stress[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences andGeo-mechanics Abstracts,29(3):198-223.
Hudson J A and Fairhurst C.1969.Tensile strength,Weibulls theory anda general statistical approach to rock failure[A].The Proceedingsof the Southampton1969Civil Engineering Materials Conference:901-914.
Wang J A and ParkH D.2002.Fluid permeability of sedimentary rockin a complete stress-strain process[J].Engineering Geology,(63):291-300.
Louis C.1969.A study of groundwater flow in jointed rock and itsinfluence on the stability of rock masses[D].Karlsruhe:Universityof Karlsruhe.
Nolte D D and Pyrak-Nolte L J.1991.Stratified continuum percolation:scaling geometry of hierarchical cascades[J].Physical Review A,44:6320-6333.
Nootishad J,Ayatollahi M S and Witherspoon P A.1982.Finite elementmethod for coupled stress and fluid flow analysis in fractured rockmasses[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.Genomic.,19:185-193.
Oda M.1986.An equivalent continuum model for coupled stress andfluid flow analysis in jointed rock masses[J].Water Resource Res.,22(13):1845-1856.
Snow D T.1968.Fracture deformation and changes of permeability andstorage upon changes of fluid pressure[J].Quarterly ColoradoSchool of Mines,63(1):201-244.
Smalley R F,Turcotte D L and Salla A S.1985.A renormalizationgroup approach to the stick slip behavior of faults[J].Journal ofGeophysical Research,90:1894-1900.
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