动力扰动下高应力巷道围岩动态响应规律
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摘要
采矿过程中,爆破震动等动载荷常会导致高应力巷道失稳塌陷,诱发岩爆发生。根据弹性力学和应力波理论,分析扰动波诱发高应力巷道失稳破裂的机制。针对用沙坝矿高应力巷道受到动力扰动破坏的情况,运用颗粒流软件PFC2D对动载荷作用下高应力巷道的稳定性进行数值计算,通过改变动载荷幅值的大小,探讨扰动应力波强度的变化对巷道围岩应力场、位移场及破坏区范围的影响,对模型采用静力和动力两种计算方案。研究表明:动载作用下巷道围岩应力场、位移场及破坏区范围相对静力计算结果显著增大;随扰动应力波强度增加,巷道顶、底板的应力、位移及裂纹数量也显著增加。为了避免动力扰动诱发高应力巷道失稳塌陷,给出了几条建议。
The dynamic loading due to blasting vibrations often leads to local instability of the highly-stressed tunnel and the rock burst during mining. Based on the elasticity and the stress wave theory, the mechanism of the instability and the crack development due to the dynamic vibrations in the highly-stressed tunnel are analyzed. In order to see why the highly-stressed tunnel in Yongshaba mine might be severely destroyed by dynamic vibrations, the numerical simulations of the highly-stressed tunnel under dynamic loading are carried out with the particle flow software PFC 2D , and the effects of the disturbance stress wave intensity on the stress fields, the displacement fields and the crack fields in the surrounding rock are investigated by varying the peak value of the dynamic loading. The static and dynamic calculations are carried out, separately. The results show that the extents of the stress fields, the displacement fields and the crack fields in the surrounding rock under a dynamic disturbance will increase obviously as compared to the static calculation results. The higher the disturbance stress wave intensity, the more significant the dynamic disturbance influences on the stress, displacement and crack fields both in the roof and the floor of the tunnel will be. Several suggestions are made to avoid the instability and the subsidence of the highly-stressed tunnel induced by the dynamic disturbance.
The dynamic loading due to blasting vibrations often leads to local instability of the highly-stressed tunnel and the rock burst during mining. Based on the elasticity and the stress wave theory, the mechanism of the instability and the crack development due to the dynamic vibrations in the highly-stressed tunnel are analyzed. In order to see why the highly-stressed tunnel in Yongshaba mine might be severely destroyed by dynamic vibrations, the numerical simulations of the highly-stressed tunnel under dynamic loading are carried out with the particle flow software PFC 2D , and the effects of the disturbance stress wave intensity on the stress fields, the displacement fields and the crack fields in the surrounding rock are investigated by varying the peak value of the dynamic loading. The static and dynamic calculations are carried out, separately. The results show that the extents of the stress fields, the displacement fields and the crack fields in the surrounding rock under a dynamic disturbance will increase obviously as compared to the static calculation results. The higher the disturbance stress wave intensity, the more significant the dynamic disturbance influences on the stress, displacement and crack fields both in the roof and the floor of the tunnel will be. Several suggestions are made to avoid the instability and the subsidence of the highly-stressed tunnel induced by the dynamic disturbance.
引文
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[2]何满潮,谢和平,彭苏萍,等.深部开采岩体力学研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2803-2813.He Manchao,Xie Heping,Peng Suping,et al.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2803-2813.
[3]李夕兵,古德生.深井坚硬矿岩开采中高应力的灾害控制与破碎诱变[C]//科学前沿与未来,第6集.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002:101-108.Li Xibing,Gu Desheng.The hazard control and cataclastic mutagenesis induced by high stress in hard rock mining at depth[C]//Science Foreland and Future,Volume6.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2002:101-108.
[4]李夕兵,李地元,郭雷,等.动力扰动下深部高应力矿柱力学响应研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):922-928.Li Xibing,Li Diyuan,Guo Lei,et al.SChinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):922-928.
[5]Zhu W C,Tang C A.Numerical simulation of Brazilian disk rock failure under static and dynamic loading[J].International Journal of RockMechanics and Mining Sciences,2006,43(2):236-252.
[6]朱万成,左宇军,尚世明,等.动态扰动触发深部巷道发生失稳破裂的数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):915-921.Zhu Wancheng,Zuo Yujun,Shang Shiming,et al.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):915-921.
[7]闫长斌,徐国元,李夕兵.爆破震动对采空区稳定性影响的FLAC加分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2894-2899.Yan Changbin,Xu Guoyuan,Li Xibing,et al.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2894-2899.
[8]左宇军,唐春安,朱万成,等.深部岩巷在动力扰动下的破坏机理分析[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(6):742-746.Zuo Yujun,Tang Chunan,Zhu Wancheng,et al.Journal of China Coal Society,2006,31(6):742-746.
[9]雷光宇,卢爱红,茅献彪.应力波作用下巷道层裂破坏的数值模拟研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(9):1477-1480.Lei Guangyu,Lu Aihong,Mao Xianbiao.Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(9):1477-1480.
[10]Brady B H G,Brown E T.Rock mechanics for underground mining[M].Dordrecht:Springer,2006.
[11]陈国祥,窦林名,高明仕,等.动力挠动对回采巷道冲击危险的数值模拟[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(2):153-157.Chen Guoxiang,Dou Linming,Gao Minshi,et al.Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2009,26(2):153-157.
[12]Itasca Consulting Group.PFC2D theory and background[M].Minnesota:Itasca Consulting Group,2008.
[13]Hazard J F,Young R P.Simulating acoustic emissions in bonded-panicles models of rock[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2000,37(5):867-872.
[14]Wang C,Tannant D D,Lilly P A.Numerical analysis of the stability of heavily jointed rock slopes using PFC2D[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science,2003,.40(3):415-424.
[15]李夕兵,姚金蕊,宫凤强.硬岩金属矿山深部开采中的动力学问题[J].中国有色金属学报,2011,21(10):2551-2563.Li Xibing,Yao Jinrui,Gong Fengqiang.The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2011,21(10):2551-2563.
[16]龙源,冯长根,徐全军,等.爆破地震波在岩石介质中传播特性与数值计算研究[J].工程爆破,2000,6(3):l-7.Long Yuan,Feng Changgen,Xu Quanjun,et al.Engineering Blasting,2000,6(3):1-7.
[17]张晓春,缪协兴.层状岩体中洞室围岩层裂及破坏的数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(11):1645-1650.Zhang Xiaochun,Miao Xiexing.Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(11):1645-1650.
[18]Hashash Y M A,Hook J J,Schmidt B,et al.Seismic design and analysis of underground structures[J].Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,2001,16(3):247-293.
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