岩石类材料裂纹扩展贯通的颗粒流模拟
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摘要
采用颗粒流软件PFC2D实现含有不同岩桥倾角的预制双裂纹材料在单轴压缩作用下裂纹扩展贯通过程,并利用函数模块追踪裂纹扩展过程和微裂纹数量。数值结果表明:在单轴压缩作用下随着岩桥倾角增大,岩桥区域裂纹贯通模式由张拉型(≤68°)逐渐演化为拉剪复合型(=90°和113°)和剪切型(=135°);试件峰值强度逐渐降低;并认为宏观的次生剪切带主要由张拉型微裂纹和少量剪切型微裂纹组成。利用室内模型试验对数值结果进行验证,结果表明颗粒流程序能够很好地模拟裂纹贯通过程。
By using a particle flow code—PFC2D,numerical simulations on samples containing two parallel cracks with different rock bridge angles under uniaxial compression are conducted to research the cracks propagation and coalescence.The cracks propagation process and the number of microcracks have been tracked by functions in PFC.Numerical results show that:with the increasing of rock bridge angle under uniaxial compression,the crack coalescence patterns gradually evolve from tensile mode(≤68°) to tensile-shear mixed mode(= 90°and 113°) and shear mode(= 135°);and the samples peak strengths gradually decrease.The macroscopic secondary shear zone mainly comprise of tensile microcracks and bits of shear microcracks.Comparison between the numerical simulation results with the experiment results indicates that PFC can simulate the crack coalescence process properly.
By using a particle flow code—PFC2D,numerical simulations on samples containing two parallel cracks with different rock bridge angles under uniaxial compression are conducted to research the cracks propagation and coalescence.The cracks propagation process and the number of microcracks have been tracked by functions in PFC.Numerical results show that:with the increasing of rock bridge angle under uniaxial compression,the crack coalescence patterns gradually evolve from tensile mode(≤68°) to tensile-shear mixed mode(= 90°and 113°) and shear mode(= 135°);and the samples peak strengths gradually decrease.The macroscopic secondary shear zone mainly comprise of tensile microcracks and bits of shear microcracks.Comparison between the numerical simulation results with the experiment results indicates that PFC can simulate the crack coalescence process properly.
引文
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[10]徐金明,谢芝蕾,贾海涛.石灰岩细观力学特性的颗粒流模拟[J].岩土力学,2010,31(增2):390–395.(XU Jinming,XIE Zhilei,JIA Haitao.Simulation of mesomechanical properties of limestoneusing particle flow code[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(Supp.2):390–395.(in Chinese))
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[14]PETIT J P,BARQUINS M.Can natural faults propagate under modeII condition[J].Tectonics,1988,7(6):1 243–1 256.
[15]DU W,KEMENY J M.Modeling borehole breakout by mixed modecrack growth,interaction,and coalescence[J].International Journal ofRock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1993,30(7):809–812.
[2]李银平,王元汉,肖四喜.岩石类材料中压剪裂纹的相互作用分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(4):552–555.(LI Yinping,WANG Yuanhan,XIAO Sixi.Interaction of frictional cracks in rock-likematerials[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(4):552–555.(in Chinese))
[3]唐春安,黄明利,张国民,等.岩石介质中多裂纹扩展相互作用及其贯通机制的数值模拟[J].地震,2001,21(2):53–58.(TANGChun an,HUANG Mingli,ZHANG Guomin,et al.Numericalsimulation of propagation,interaction and coalescence of multi-cracksin rocks[J].Earthquake,2001,21(2):53–58.(in Chinese))
[4]BOBET A,EINSTEIN H H.Fracture coalescence in rock-typematerials under uniaxial and biaxial compression[J].InternationalJournal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1998,35(7):863–888.
[5]WONG R H C,CHAU K T.Crack coalescence in a rock-likematerial containing two cracks[J].International Journal of RockMechanics and Mining Sciences,1998,35(2):147–164.
[6]车法星,黎立云,刘大安.类岩材料多裂纹体断裂破坏试验及有限元分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(3):295–298.(CHEFaxing,LI Liyun,LIU Daan.Fracture experiments and finite elementanalysis for multi-cracks body of rock-like material[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(3):295–298.(in Chinese))
[7]黄明利,冯夏庭,王水林.多裂纹在不同岩石介质中的扩展贯通机制分析[J].岩土力学,2002,23(2):142–146.(HUANG Mingli,FENG Xiating,WANG Shuilin.Numerical simulation of propagationand coalescence processes of multi-crack in different rock media[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2002,23(2):142–146.(in Chinese))
[8]朱维申,张强勇.节理岩体脆弹性断裂损伤模型及其工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(3):245–249.(ZHU Weishen,ZHANG Qiangyong.Brittle elastic fracture damage constitutive modelof jointed rock mass and its application to engineering[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(3):245–249.(in Chinese))
[9]Itasca Consulting Group,Inc..Partial flow code in 2 dimension[M].Minneapolis,USA:Itasca Consulting Group Inc.,2001.
[10]徐金明,谢芝蕾,贾海涛.石灰岩细观力学特性的颗粒流模拟[J].岩土力学,2010,31(增2):390–395.(XU Jinming,XIE Zhilei,JIA Haitao.Simulation of mesomechanical properties of limestoneusing particle flow code[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(Supp.2):390–395.(in Chinese))
[11]XIA M,ZHOU K P.Particle simulation of the failure process of brittlerock under triaxial compression[J].International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials,2010,17(5):507–513.
[12]SAGONG M,BOBET A.Coalescence of multiple flaws in arock-model material in uniaxial compression[J].International Journalof Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2002,39(2):229–241.
[13]郭少华.岩石类材料压缩断裂的实验与理论研究[博士学位论文][D].长沙:中南大学,2003.(GUO Shaohua.The experimental andtheoretical investigation on fracture of rock-type materials[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Changsha:Central South University,2003.(in Chinese))
[14]PETIT J P,BARQUINS M.Can natural faults propagate under modeII condition[J].Tectonics,1988,7(6):1 243–1 256.
[15]DU W,KEMENY J M.Modeling borehole breakout by mixed modecrack growth,interaction,and coalescence[J].International Journal ofRock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1993,30(7):809–812.
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