金属矿充填开采岩体移动对竖井围岩的变形破坏
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摘要
采用数值模拟和地质力学分析的方法,对甘肃金川二矿区地下开采条件下,#14行风井变形破坏问题进行了研究,研究结果表明:#14行风井位于地下开采引起的岩体移动盆地的拉张区,受岩体移动变形影响剧烈,地下开采已经成为了影响竖井安全稳定的主要因素;无论是富矿开采还是贫矿富矿联合开采,竖井井壁的位移和应力分布规律大体相同,其大小与分布特征受断层影响突出,断层所在的部位仍然是竖井井壁的脆弱部位;地下开采引起的#14行风井的破坏是以穿过井筒的断层出现活化为触发因素,以井壁发生错动、破裂、冒落为主要形式的断层效应的集中体现,这也将成为现阶段生产条件下竖井可能再次发生变形、破坏的模式。
The vertical shaft plays an important role in underground tunnel mining mines.However,few attempts have been done on the deformation and failure mechanics of shafts suffering from rock mass movement in metallic mines undergoing mining activities.Numerical simulation methods and geomechanical methods are applied in the study of deformation,failure and stability of the line No.14 ventilating shaft in Jinchuan No.2 Mine under the conditions of different kinds of mining design.The results show that the shaft is seated in the scope of the depression induced by the underground mining,and the displacement of rock mass keeps increasing.Therefore the underground mining is the main factor for the safety and stability of the shaft.Moreover,whether mining of the rich ore body or combined mining of the rich ore body and lean ore body,the distribution regularities of displacement and stress of the shaft are similar,and the section of the faults is still the vulnerable zone of the shaft in which it influences the size and distribution of the displacement and stress greatly.Consequently,it is the faults which cross the shaft and lead to reactivation due to underground mining are the trigger factor,and the rock mass movement,rupture and fall are the primary form of the shaft deformation and failure mechanism,and this kind of fault effects will be aroused again in the future under the present circumstances of mining.
The vertical shaft plays an important role in underground tunnel mining mines.However,few attempts have been done on the deformation and failure mechanics of shafts suffering from rock mass movement in metallic mines undergoing mining activities.Numerical simulation methods and geomechanical methods are applied in the study of deformation,failure and stability of the line No.14 ventilating shaft in Jinchuan No.2 Mine under the conditions of different kinds of mining design.The results show that the shaft is seated in the scope of the depression induced by the underground mining,and the displacement of rock mass keeps increasing.Therefore the underground mining is the main factor for the safety and stability of the shaft.Moreover,whether mining of the rich ore body or combined mining of the rich ore body and lean ore body,the distribution regularities of displacement and stress of the shaft are similar,and the section of the faults is still the vulnerable zone of the shaft in which it influences the size and distribution of the displacement and stress greatly.Consequently,it is the faults which cross the shaft and lead to reactivation due to underground mining are the trigger factor,and the rock mass movement,rupture and fall are the primary form of the shaft deformation and failure mechanism,and this kind of fault effects will be aroused again in the future under the present circumstances of mining.
引文
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[2]孟凡森,郑庆学,杨中东.立井变形监测与治理[J].中国煤田地质,2004,16(增刊1):59–75.(MENG Fan-sen,ZHENG Qing-xue,YANG Zhong-dong.Shaft deformationmonitoring and regulation[J].Coal geology of China,2004,16(S1):59–75.(in Chinese))
[3]王剑.程潮铁矿东区地表塌陷规律及东主井错动机理[J].金属矿山,2006(4):7–18.(WANG Jian.Study on law ofeast district in Chengshao iron mine and displacementmechanism of main east shaft[J].Metal Mine,2006(4):7–12.(in Chinese))
[4]郑爱珍.井巷工程破坏原因分析与防护[J].中国矿业,2002,11(6):68–69.(ZHENG Ai-zhen.Reasons for breakage ofground stopes and gangways and their protection[J].ChinaMining Magazine,2002,11(6):68–69.(in Chinese))
[5]毕思文,王思敬,杨志法.煤矿竖井变形破坏三维数值模拟[J].建井技术,1997,18(4):35–37.(BI Si-wen,WANGSi-jing,YANG Zhi-fa.Three dimensional numericalsimulation of coal shaft[J].Building Technique of Shaft,1997,18(4):35–37.(in Chinese))
[6]BRUNEAUA G.TYLERB D.B.Hadjigeorgioua J,et al.Influence of faulting on a mine shaft a case study:partI-background and instrumentation[J].International Journal ofRock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2003,40(1):95–111.
[7]BRUNEAUA G,HUDYMAB M R,HADJIGE ORGIOUA J,et al.Influence of faulting on a mine shaft a case study:partII-numerical modeling[J].International Journal of RockMechanics and Mining Sciences,2003,40(1):113–125.
[8]李文平.深厚表土层中煤矿立井破裂研究[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2000.(LI Wen-ping.Study on coal shaftrupture of deep topsoil layer[M].Xuzhou:Publishing houseof China University of Mining&Technology,2000.(inChinese))
[9]张文泉,卢玉华,宫红月,等.兖滕矿区立井井壁损坏的原因分析及防治方法[J].岩土力学,2004,25(12):1977–1980.(ZHANG Wen-quan,LU Yu-hua,GONG Hong-yue,etal.Causes analysis of shaft wall damage in Yan-Teng mingdistrict and its prevention and controlling method[J].Rockand soil mechanics,2004,25(12):1977–1980.(in Chinese))
[10]刘同有.金川岩石力学与工程地质的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(2):97–101.(LIU Tong-you.On rockmechanics and engineering geology in Jinchuan[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1996,15(2):97–101.(in Chinese))
[11]金铭良.金川镍矿的大面积开采稳定性分析与对策[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,14(3):211–219.(JIN Ming-liang.Stability analysis of large area mining and thecountermeasures in Jinchuan nickel mines[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1996,14(3):211-219.(in Chinese))
[12]马凤山,李晓,路世豹,等.金川二矿区地表变形GPS监测及分析[M]//工程地质力学研究.北京:地质出版社,2004:115–134.(MA Feng-shan,LI Xiao,LU Shi-bao,et al.Ground movement and deformation monitoring by GPS inJinchuan No.2 mine[M]//Engineering GeomechanicsResearch.Beijing:Geology Press,2004:115–134.(inChinese))
[13]马凤山,袁仁茂,邓清海,等.金川矿山地表岩移GPS监测及岩体采动影响规律[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(增刊2):84–97.(MA Feng-shan,YUAN Ren-mao,DENGQing-hai,et al.GPS monitoring of ground movement andmechanism of underground mining influence in Jinchuanmine[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2007,15(S2):84–97.(in Chinese))
[14]TIAN Y S,ZHANG W.Engineering geologicalcharacteristics and rheological properties of rock mass inJinchuan Nickel Mine[C]//Proc 8th Cong Inter Soc On RockMechanics A A Balkema,1995:9–12.
[15]隋惠权,刘文生,范学理.受开采影响煤矿立井损坏的分类与评价[J].阜新矿业学院学报,1996,15(2):182–184.(SUI Hui-quan,LIU Wen-sheng,FAN Xue-li.TheClassification and evaluation of shaft damage due to miningeffect[J].Journal of Fuxin Mining Institute(Natural ScienceEdition),1996,15(2):182–184.(in Chinese))
[16]米延华,宋江渝,隋惠权.矿山立井采动变形损坏特征及检测技术[J].中国计量学院学报,2005,16(3):247–250.(MI Yan-hua.SONG Jiang-yu,SUI Hui-quan.Study on themine shaft deformation and surveying method[J].Journal ofChina Institute of Metrology,2005,16(3):247–250.(inChinese))
[17]李文秀,闻磊,刘晓敏,等.矿区区域性水平移动及其对竖井的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增刊2):3926–3931.(LI Wen-xiu,WEN Lei,LIU Xiao-min,et al.Regional horizontal displacements and its effect on shaft inmining areas[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2009,28(S2):3926–319.(in Chinese))
[18]徐嘉谟,李毓瑞,马凤山,等.金川矿山边坡岩体工程地质力学[M].北京:地震出版社,1998.(XU Jia-mo,LIYu-rui,MA Feng-shan,et al.Engineering geomechanics ofslope rockmass in Jinchuan Mine[M].Beijing:EarthquakePress,1998.(in Chinese))
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